• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1431-1445
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• 2010

In order to clarify the impact of regional warming on the meteorological field and air quality over southeastern part of Korean Peninsula, several numerical experiment were carried out. Numerical models used in this study are WRF for the estimate the meteorological elements and CMAQ for assessment of ozone concentration. According to the global warming impact, initial air temperature were changed and its warming rate reach at 2 degree which was based on the global warming scenarios provided by IPCC. The experiments considering the global warming at initial stage were presented as case T_UP. Air temperature over inland area during night time for case T_UP is higher than that for Base case. During time since the higher temperature over inland area is maintained during daytime more intensified sea breeze should be induced and also decrease the air temperature in vicinity of coast area. In case of T_UP, high level concentrations ozone distribution area was narrowed and their disappearance were faster after 1800LST. As a results, wind and temperature fields due to the global warming at initial stage mainly results in the pattern of ozone concentration and its temporal variation at South-Eastern Part of the Korean Peninsula.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.190-196
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• 2009

The temperature of root zone is known as an important factor for the growth of crops and reduction of energy in greenhouse. The purpose of this study was to design the solar energy supply system to keep the optimum condition of root zone by soil warming. As a result of this study, soil warming compared with no warming changed on a large scale temperature rise effect by depth of soil. The greenhouse's inner temperature have an effect on the temperature of surface up to 15 cm, rised to about 1 hour after warming. In case of the temperature fluctuation, soil temperature was about $12^{\circ}C$ up to 15${\sim}$25 cm and it was $13.4^{\circ}C$ at greater depths. This results showed that the position of root zone was very different after 3 weeks of growth.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 1999년도 제29회 춘계학술대회
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• pp.127-132
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• 1999

The inlet pressure build-up at the leading edge of bearings which have discontinuous lubrication surface is analyzed theoretically. The analyses of Inlet pressure build-up is obtained by means of full Navier-stokes equations. Beam-warming method is used to solve navier-stokes equations. The results show that inlet pressure is above atmosphere pressure in front of leading edge of hearing.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2002

1951-1980 평년기온 대비 1971-2000 평년기온 상승을 남한지역 14개 관측소 소재 시군의 1966년 대비 1990년의 인구증가 자연대수값에 회귀시켜 통계적으로 유의한 관계식을 얻었다. 이 관계식을 이용하여 도시화에 따른 승온효과를 제거할 경우, 순수한 지구 온난화 효과는 12월부터 4월 사이의 한후기에만 인정되며, 나머지 계절에는 나타나지 않았다. 남한지역의 한후기 일평균기온은 지구온난화에 의해 최대 0.6$^{\circ}C$까지 상승하였으며 일최저기온보다 일최고기온 상승폭이 컸다. 도시화에 따른 승온효과는 최대 0.3$^{\circ}C$에서 0.5$^{\circ}C$로 연 중(4월 제외) 고르게 나타났지만, 주로 일최저기온의 상승을 주도하였고 일최고기온 상승에는 거의 영향이 없었다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.428-437
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the changes of surgical patients' body temperature in applying warming to patients. The study of an effective nursing intervention, which aims to prevent hypothermia during surgical operations, use of anesthesia, and to remove dermal discomforts. The nonequivalent control group pre-test/post-test design was used for this quasi-experimental study. Method: The study subjects were adult patients who would take a surgical operation under general anesthesia in C Hospital; the surgical operations done were, total abdominal hysterectomy or Myomectomy; 20 patients were included in experimental group I, 20 patients were included in experimental group II, and 20 patients were in the comparative group. The total number of study subjects was 60. The data was collected from September the 1st, 2001 to October the 20th, 2001. The data was analyzed by SPSS program, F-test and Repeated measures of ANOVA. Multi-comparison method of DUNCAN was used for the sections that show the significant differences at the level of p<.05, which was a posterior examination. Result: 1) "The body temperatures of the three groups of patients will be respectively different at the end of the operations; experimental group I to which warming was applied before the operations, experimental group II to which warming was applied during the operations, and the comparative group with no warming being given," showed (F=12.609, p=.000). 2) "Degrees of shivering symptoms for the three groups will be respectively different at the end of the operations; experimental group I which applied warming before operations, experimental group II which applied warming during operations and the comparative group with no warming." Showed assumed (F=6.626, p=.000). Conclusion: Summing up the above study, the warming assumed during operations was a more effective nursing intervention for preventing patients' hypothermia than the warming assumed before operations.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.287-296
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of forced air warming on intraoperative and postoperative body temperature, postoperative shivering and pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent control group was utilized. Fifty eight patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were recruited and assigned to the experimental group (n=29) or control group (n=29). For the experimental group, forced air warming was applied from right after induction and up to one hour after surgery. Body temperature, shivering score and pain score were measured in both groups at 15 minute intervals. Data were collected from September, 2013 to April, 2014. Data were analyzed using t-test, Bonferroni test and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The experimental group showed higher body temperature than the control group during surgery. After surgery the experimental group showed higher body temperature, lower shivering and less pain compared to the control group. Conclusion: Results show that forced air warming is effective in enhancing body temperature and reducing shivering and pain. Therefore, forced air warming is recommended as an operative nursing intervention.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2011

The effect of exhaust heat recovery system can be evaluated by two well known method. First method is to measure the time duration from engine start under cold coolant temperature till coolant get warmed. By this methodology coolant warming duration can be index of warm-up effect. Second method is to analyze heat balance of the engine during warm-up phase under steady engine operation so that wasted energy by losses such as cooling and exhaust can be index of warm-up effect. This study focused on evaluation of warming-up effect by both methodology above mentioned using 2L SI engine under from idle to 2000rpm steady condition. Results, idle operation showed low heat recovery efficiency but under higher engine speed condition, remarkable heat recovery efficiency improvement was observed. In 2000rpm steady condition, warm-up duration of engine is decreased by exhaust heat recovery system.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.755-765
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• 2011

Nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) is one of six greenhouse gases listed up in the Kyoto Protocol, and it effects a strong global warming because of its much greater global warming potential (GWP), by 310 times over a 100-year time horizon, than $CO_2$. Although such $N_2O$ emissions from both natural and anthropogenic sources occur, the latter can be controlled using suitable abatement technologies, depending on them, to reduce $N_2O$ below acceptable or feasible levels. This paper has extensively reviewed the anthropogenic $N_2O$ emission sources and their related compositions, and the state-of-the-art non-catalytic and catalytic technologies of the emissions controls available currently to representative, large $N_2O$ emission sources, such as adipic acid production plants. Challengeable approaches to this source are discussed to promote establishment of advanced $N_2O$ emission control technologies.

• International Journal of Railway
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2009

A simple pendulum shows how efficient gravity is in recovering energy. Any transportation is a linearly oscillating system; every load gains kinetic energy, but loses the same to come to a stop. The Gravity Power Towers comprise of a set of vertically moving heavy masses coupled, through microprocessor controlled continuously variable gear and cable system, to a horizontally rolling unit on wheels either on rail or road. The heavy masses move vertically up against gravity gaining potential energy while stopping a moving mass; move down under gravity force, giving out energy. The Tower thus accelerates or sustains the speed a rolling unit, and while decelerating, recover the kinetic energy. Speeds of 360 kmph can be attained. Recovery of energy varies from 98.5-70%; the longer the distance between stops, the lesser is recovery. The economical, omnipresent & eternal Gravity Power grants energy independence to many a nation. Global warming reduces.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.67-79
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• 2008

Global warming, which is one of the most serious challenges, has been the subject of intense debate and concern for many scientists, policy-makers, and citizens for at least the past decade. To protect the health and economic well-being of current and future generations, we must reduce our emissions like carbon dioxide. Alternatives to achieve an energy future without serious global warming are to change to clean and renewable sources of energy like the wind, the sun lights, rivers, the biomass, hydrogen, and oceans. To identify some of the key and new environmental impacts associated with renewable energy and hydrogen energy, we set up the new conceptual methodology. Specifically, new identified environmental and health impacts are related with the usage of hydrogen energy. When comparing with fossil fuel, the renewable energies can reduce the release of carbon dioxide when they are used except hydrogen produced from fossil fuel. However, all renewable energy technologies are not appropriate to all applications or locations. Our results suggest that all of alternatives to replace fossil fuel can release the several global and local impacts although they seems to be smaller than the impacts from fossil fuel. Therefore, the quantitative and detail analysis to assess environmental impacts of the alternative energies might be useful to make our decision for the future energy against the global warming.