• Title/Summary/Keyword: Walking Transportation

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Study on the Consistency of Pedestrian Road Width in Neighborhood Area (국내 근린지역 보행로 폭의 일관성 비교)

  • Jeong, woojin;Oh, Heung-un
    • International Journal of Highway Engineering
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.87-96
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    • 2018
  • PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to compare the consistency of widths by analyzing the current situation of the sidewalk in Korea and Japan Neighborhoods Area. METHODS : Literature on the sidewalk width of the Neighborhood Area is reviewed to compare the consistency of width. Through on-site surveys, We identify the current status of sidewalk in Korea and Japan. This compares the sidewalk width consistency in the Neighborhood Area. RESULTS : The width of whole sidewalks in Japan is ranged 330~445cm, which is lAvger than The width of whole sidewalks in Korea, ranged 237~420cm. Frontage Zone width is ranged 60~65cm in Japan, similar to 60cm in Korea. However, in Korea, there is a lAvge difference between Frontage Zone width and walking width average, and the standard deviation of width is lAvger than Japan. The Pedestrian Zone width is ranged 172~325cm in Japan, which is lAvger than ranged 0~295cm in Korea. The width of the Furniture Zone is ranged 135 ~ 331cm in Japan and lAvger than ranged 90~225cm in Korea. In Korea, the difference between the Furniture Zone width and the walking average width is small, and the standard deviation of width is smaller than that of Japan. CONCLUSIONS : In conclusion, the standard deviation of the frontage zone and the pedestrian zone width, which are included in the valid sidewalk width, The Korea is lAvger than in Japan. valid sidewalk width of Korea sidewalk is inconsistent. valid sidewalk width for wheelchair users does not meet the width of more than 2 meters.

Public Transportation Alighting Estimation Method Using Smart Card Data (교통카드데이터를 활용한 하차정류장 추정 방법론 연구)

  • Kim, Kyoungtae;Lee, Inmook
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.692-702
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    • 2017
  • Recently, there has been a growing interest in using smart card data. However, there are restrictions on the utilization of data in many areas outside the Seoul metropolitan area because the data does not contain alighting information. This paper presents a methodology for estimating alighting stops of smart card data. Estimation results were verified by smart card data from Seoul and Gwangju. The estimation rates were 78.2% and 81.6% in Seoul and Gwangju, respectively. The matching accuracy was 54.2% and 33.4%, respectively. However, if up to two stops of error are allowed, the accuracy values were 93.6% and 94.0%, respectively. We also discussed changes in estimation results due to adjusting the allowable walking distance, which is a key parameter of trip chaining methods. As the allowable walking distance increases, the estimation rate increases, while the accuracy decreases, and it is found that the estimation results change by around 500m.

The Effects of Neighborhood Physical Changes caused by CPTED Project on Resident's Fear of Crime, Neighborhood Satisfaction, and Neighborhood Attachment in the Poverty Area - Focused on the Gamcheon 2-dong, Saha-gu, Busan - (CPTED 사업으로 인한 근린의 물리적 환경변화가 빈곤지역 주민들의 범죄두려움과 동네만족도, 동네애착 형성에 미치는 영향 - 부산 사하구 감천2동을 대상으로 -)

  • Park, Ju-Hyeon;Lee, Kyung-Hwan
    • Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.105-111
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    • 2020
  • The purpose of this study was to empirically analyze the effects of physical environment change on the Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) project implemented in Gamcheon 2 Dong on the fear of crime, neighborhood satisfaction, and neighborhood attachment in the poor. In this study, the data collected through field surveys and questionnaires were analyzed using a structural equation model, specifically the SPSS AMOS 25 program. From the results of the analysis, it was found that the neighborhood satisfaction was enhanced by the improvement in the walking environment and the reduction in the neighborhood disorder level of the target area through the installation of major CPTED facilities. The results of the statistical analysis show that the reduction in the neighborhood disorder due to the CPTED project enhanced the neighborhood satisfaction and the level of neighborhood attachment in the local residents. In addition, the changes in the walking environment caused by the CPTED project had a positive effect on the neighborhood satisfaction, and as the degree of neighborhood disorder decreased, the neighborhood satisfaction increased and the local people's attachment level increased.

Modelling of Transfer Impedance of based an Express Bus Terminal use Behavior (고속버스터미널 이용자의 환승행태에 기반을 둔 환승저항 모형 구축 연구)

  • Kim, Hwang Bae;Kwon, Young Jong
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.30 no.2D
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    • pp.99-103
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    • 2010
  • It is necessary to improve transfer impedance of express bus terminal users in order to increase the usage of public transportation. This study constructed a model for calculating transfer impedance based on bodily sensational transfer time in express bus terminal and calculated transfer impedance on major express bus terminals in Korea. The study results show that the addition of 100 meter exterior walking distance increases 3 minute travel time, 100 meter interior walking distance increases 5 minute travel time, 100 stairways increase 13 minute travel time, and escalators decreases 3 minute travel time. The calculated transfer impedance based on bodily sensational transfer time in this study can be utilized as objective criteria to compare transfer conditions of different bus terminals and to prioritize them for facility improvement. The calculated transfer impedance also can be used as facility guidelines for designing a new transit center.

Modelling of Transfer Impedance of Urban Rail Station (도시철도역사의 환승저항 모형 구축 연구)

  • Kim, Hwang Bae;Choi, Jin Hee
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.30 no.1D
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    • pp.11-15
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    • 2010
  • It is necessary to improve transfer impedance of Urban Rail Station station users in order to increase the usage of public transportation. This study constructed a model for calculating transfer impedance based on bodily sensational transfer time in Urban Rail Station stations and calculated transfer impedance on major Urban Rail Station stations in Korea. The study results show that the addition of 100 meter exterior walking distance increases 2 minute travel time, 100 meter interior walking distance increases 3 minute travel time, 100 stairways increase 4 minute travel time, and escalators decreases 1 minute travel time. The calculated transfer impedance based on bodily sensational transfer time in this study can be utilized as objective criteria to compare transfer conditions of different Urban Rail Station stations and to prioritize them for facility improvement. The calculated transfer impedance also can be used as facility guidelines for designing a new transit center.

A Study on the Risk of Conflict between Elderly or Non-elderly Pedestrians and Vehicles (고령/비고령 보행자와 차량간의 상충위험도 측정연구)

  • JANG, Jeong Ah;LEE, Hyunmi;CHOI, Keechoo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.35 no.6
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    • pp.499-510
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    • 2017
  • Traffic accident fatalities in Korea in 2016 was 4,292 and 1,732 cases were deaths of elderly people. In spite of this, the researches on behaviors of the elderly when crossing roads, are rather limited. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze road crossing behavior characteristics of the elderly, when crossing roads, especially focusing on the characteristics of pedestrians and vehicles. Cross-sectional data was collected from six different sites in two regions and the following results was identified. First, at road crossings, 528 cases(84.3%) out of 626 conflict situations of the elderly and 303 cases(63.3%) out of 478 conflict situations of the non-elderly pedestrians were found to be dangerous, respectively. The elderly tend to face a statistically significant risk of 3.11 times higher than that of non-elderly people. Second, 519 cases(82.9%) of jaywalking occurred in 626 conflict cases of the elderly and 375 cases(78.5%) of jaywalking in 478 conflict events of non-elderly persons, which indicates the elderly's 1.34 times higher trend compared with the non-elderly's. Third, the pedestrian safety margin (PSM) analysis showed that the PSM of the elderly and the non-elderly were 3.33 seconds and 4.04 seconds respectively, which is 17.5% high. Fourth, the difference in pedestrian safety interval was examined by dividing the speed of approaching vehicle into less than 30km/h, above 30km/h and less than 50km/h, and over 50km/h. There was no significant difference between the PSM of coming vehicles with the speed less than 30km/h and the PSM of approaching with the speed 30km/h~50km/h, but the conflicts with vehicle of the speed above 50km/h show significantly lower PSM than with vehicle speed of 30km/h~50km/h. Finally, when the risk threshold is set to less than 2.5 seconds, the analysis shows that older pedestrians tend to cross roads dangerously 1.59~2.53 times than younger pedestrians. The results set forth here can be used as a basis for constructing the elderly safety measures at present and a potential basis for autonomous vehicle safety application in the future for solving the issue of the difference in crossing behavior between elderly and non-elderly pedestrians.

Evaluation of Vehicle and Pedestrian Environments using Grey System Theory (Grey System Theory를 이용한 차량 및 보행환경 통합평가)

  • Lee, Jin-Gak;Son, Yeong-Tae;Han, Sang-Jin;Park, Jin-Yeong;Lee, Sang-Hwa
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.141-156
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    • 2010
  • In this paper, understanding there is a limitation with a comprehensive and network approach for the evaluation of existing vehicle and pedestrian environments, the authors focus on developing an integrated approach to assessing these environments. The network evaluation here means the assessment at a three-dimensional level that includes evaluation methods of lines/axes in a spatial concept as well as integration of evaluation indicators being used for vehicles and the walking environment. Grey System Theory (GST) was applied based on the theoretical background for network and comprehensive integrated evaluation, and the evaluation of the vehicle and pedestrian environment was performed by assigning target areas to walking preference zones. As a result of the comprehensive evaluation and analysis by GST, even if the service level is the same as the operating indicators (Highway Capacity Manual) of the vehicle and pedestrian environment, or relatively better, it was identified that the total score could be varied over Grey Category because the observed data are calculated after considering the weights between evaluation indicators by the range of Grey Category on the comprehensive evaluation. Considering comprehensively these points, although the indicators on the operation of roads are relatively good, in the event that the indicators on the safety of roads are bad, it was known that the scores over Grey Category also could be changed. The result is that this evaluation method can be used to evaluate the network concept per lane (per axis) as well as to diagnose the current state by type of urban street in the future.

A Study on the Improvement of Pedestrian Facilities by the Use of Importance-Performance Analysis (중요도-만족도분석을 통한 보행자시설 개선에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Chang Hee;Kim, Myung Soo;Jo, Kyeong Nam
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.32 no.6
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    • pp.628-637
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the actual conditions of the mobility convenience facilities for pedestrians and their perception of the facilities, and thereby provide fundamental material necessary to establish a strategy of improving mobility convenience facilities. This study tried to analyze the characteristics of the mobility convenience facilities for pedestrians. Based on previous studies and "Report of Mobility Facilities of the Mobility Handicapped", this study first chose the evaluation items related to mobility convenience facilities, and then conducted a questionnaire survey and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). According to the study results, first, the item that needs intensive improvement was sidewalks, and the detailed indicators for sidewalks were walking safety, convenient facilities for the disabled, and pavement in order. Secondly, the items that need to be maintained were bus and crossroad. Thirdly, the low-ranking items were under-passageway and pedestrian overpass. And lastly, the items that need to be controlled were facilities for passenger terminals and bus terminals. Based on the comprehensive IPA result, this researcher judged the actual use conditions of the mobility convenience facilities in Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnamdo. Therefore, it was found that it would be urgent to improve the direct walking environment on sidewalks. In this aspect, for future policy decision and facility maintenance, it is desirable to put the item in priority in terms of investment and come up with an improvement strategy.

Kinetic Analysis of The foot and ankle during walking (보행시 발과 족관절의 운동학적 분석)

  • Lee, Yun-Seob;Shin, Hyung-Soo
    • PNF and Movement
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.45-50
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    • 2006
  • Purpose : This study shows the movements of the ankle and the foot in walking stages, and helps to diagnose and treat the problems of the ankle and the foot. The foot in human is a mean of the transportation, body support, and shock absorber. However, the slightest changes in the anatomical position can cause a significant increase of the stress and force in the ankle and the foot. The regular compressive force in the ankle of the normal person is generated by the contraction of the gastrocnemius and popliteus muscles, and transmitted to the achilles tendon. The plantar flexion about 10 degrees occurs immediately after the heel strike, getting ready for the weight acceptance. The shear force about 80 % of the body weight is generated immediately after the heel off of the mid stance phase. In those who have a problem in the ankle, the compression force at the ankle decreased to 1/3 of the body weight, and the shear force decreased, and the compressive force was reached at their maximum level earlier than the normal people. Conclusion : Analysis of the movements at the ankle and the foot in walking phase can make the effort to diagnose and treat the ankle and foot with the problems. However, the further study is necessary.

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Inferring Pedestrian Level of Service for Pathways through Electrodermal Activity Monitoring

  • Lee, Heejung;Hwang, Sungjoo
    • International conference on construction engineering and project management
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    • 2022.06a
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    • pp.1247-1248
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    • 2022
  • Due to rapid urbanization and population growth, it has become crucial to analyze the various volumes and characteristics of pedestrian pathways to understand the capacity and level of service (LOS) for pathways to promote a better walking environment. Different indicators have been developed to measure pedestrian volume. The pedestrian level of service (PLOS), tailored to analyze pedestrian pathways based on the concept of the LOS in transportation in the Highway Capacity Manual, has been widely used. PLOS is a measurement concept used to assess the quality of pedestrian facilities, from grade A (best condition) to grade F (worst condition), based on the flow rate, average speed, occupied space, and other parameters. Since the original PLOS approach has been criticized for producing idealistic results, several modified versions of PLOS have also been developed. One of these modified versions is perceived PLOS, which measures the LOS for pathways by considering pedestrians' awareness levels. However, this method relies on survey-based measurements, making it difficult to continuously deploy the technique to all the pathways. To measure PLOS more quantitatively and continuously, researchers have adopted computer vision technologies to automatically assess pedestrian flows and PLOS from CCTV videos. However, there are drawbacks even with this method because CCTVs cannot be installed everywhere, e.g., in alleyways. Recently, a technique to monitor bio-signals, such as electrodermal activity (EDA), through wearable sensors that can measure physiological responses to external stimuli (e.g., when another pedestrian passes), has gained popularity. It has the potential to continuously measure perceived PLOS. In their previous experiment, the authors of this study found that there were many significant EDA responses in crowded places when other pedestrians acting as external stimuli passed by. Therefore, we hypothesized that the EDA responses would be significantly higher in places where relatively more dynamic objects pass, i.e., in crowded areas with low PLOS levels (e.g., level F). To this end, the authors conducted an experiment to confirm the validity of EDA in inferring the perceived PLOS. The EDA of the subjects was measured and analyzed while watching both the real-world and virtually created videos with different pedestrian volumes in a laboratory environment. The results showed the possibility of inferring the amount of pedestrian volume on the pathways by measuring the physiological reactions of pedestrians. Through further validation, the research outcome is expected to be used for EDA-based continuous measurement of perceived PLOS at the alley level, which will facilitate modifying the existing walking environments, e.g., constructing pathways with appropriate effective width based on pedestrian volume. Future research will examine the validity of the integrated use of EDA and acceleration signals to increase the accuracy of inferring the perceived PLOS by capturing both physiological and behavioral reactions when walking in a crowded area.

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