• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.286-293
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• 2003

The cardiopulmonary and antagonistic effects of atipamezole, to medetomidine (30 ug/kg, IM)-tiletamine/zolazepam (10 mg/kg, IV) were determined. Twelve healthy mongrel dogs ,(4.00$\pm$0.53 kg, mean$\pm$SD) were randomly assigned to the four experimental groups (control, A30; atipamezole 30 ug/kg, A60; atipamezole 60 ug/kg, A150; atipamezole 150 ug/kg) with 3 dogs in each group. Atropine (0.03 mg/kg, IM), medetomidine, and tiletamine/zolazepam (TZ) were injected 10 minute intervals. Atipamezole was injected intravenously 15 minutes after TZ injection. Mean arousal time (MAT) was 52.50$\pm$4.98, 43.06$\pm$2.60, 32.83$\pm$8.13, and 14.36$\pm$1.60 minutes in control, A30, A60, and Al50 groups respectively. In Al50 group, MAT was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). but mean walking time (MWT) was similar to that in control group. In recovery period, the higher doses of atimapezole, the rougher recovery including head rocking, hypersalivation, and muscle twitching. Five of twelve dogs vomited within 5 minutes after medetomidine injection. In Control group, heart rate significantly decreased in all recording stages except 15 minutes after TZ injection, 10 minutes after medetomidine injection in all groups, and 40 minutes after atipamezole injection in A30 group (P < 0.05). In Al50 group, atipamezole reversed the respiratory depression induced by medetomidine. Arterial blood pressure was significantly decreased 10minutes after medetomidine injection and 15 minutes after TZ injection in almost dogs in this study (P < 0.05). From 10 minutes after atipamezole injection to arousal time, arterial blood pressure was progressively increased in A60 and A150 group. Any value of blood gas analysis and CBC, and serum chemistry values were not significantly changed except pH of Al50 at 10 minutes after medetomidine injection. As shown in present study, atipamezole(150 ug/kg) is considered to exert a useful reversal effect in dogs anesthetized with medetomidine-tiletamine/zolazepam combination.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.352-363
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to analyze health-related habits, weight control experience and body composition of 344 female students visiting nutrition counselling office. Dietary habits of the subjects were assessed by means of interview with questionnaire and nutrient intakes were evaluated by the simple dietary assessment method. Weight and height were measured to get body mass index(BMI) and waist-hip ratio and their body composition were measured by Inbody 3.0. The obtained results were as follows: 1) Among students, 14.5% were exercising on a regularly basis, of which the exercises were walking and gymnastic exercise(22.1%), jogging(14.1%), and rope-skipping(4.7%), 48.4% of students were little drinking and 30.5% were once a week and smokers were 4.1%. 2) 28.3% of students were little having breakfast and 15.1% were once or twice a week. Two third of total students were not having breakfast regularly. Also only 59.6% of students were having dinner everyday, which means many of them were even skipping dinner. The reasons why they were not having breakfast were because they don't have enough time to eat(66.0%) and for a diet(2.8%) and the reasons for skipping dinner were because they were not hungry(23.0%), for the weight loss(18.2%). It was shown that they would skip dinner rather than breakfast for a weight control. 51.6% of students were taking snack 1~2 times a day and 5.3% were having little snack. 55.4% of students were dining out once a day and 15.4% more am 2 times a day. 3) 46.7% of students were already experiencing weight control before visiting the counselling office. 78.5% of students tried on one kind of weight control method, 11.4% on two kinds, and 10.1 % on more than three kinds. The method they tried for a weight control most was the one food diet using egg, fruits and beans, which is the most popular among them, and the next were an aerobic exercise(23.6%). a diet tried by a famous entertainer (15.5%), and the fasting(14.5%). 4) The average BMI was 21.2 and the body fat rate was 28.1%. As a result of grouping BMI, 12.8% were underweight 67.6% normal weight 11.6% overweight and 8% obesity. Less than standard for the body fat rate were 0.6%, 50.6% standard, 48.5% more than standard. 49.2% of students as normal weight on a BMI were assessed the so-called "skinny obesity. 50% of consulted students situated fat intra-abdominally at the umbilical level(WHR>0.8). 5) The energy intake was 76.6$\pm$17.8% of RDA and constituent ratio of carbohydrate, fat and protein were 64.2$\pm$5.2%, 21.6$\pm$3.7% and 14.3$\pm$2.3%, respectively, which is little over of 20% of recommended ratio of fat. Protein and niacin intake were more than 90% of RDA and riboflavin and vit. C were taken more than 100% of RDA. But Fe intake was 69.4$\pm$19.3%, Ca 76.6$\pm$23.6%, which were the least constituents. There was not remarkable significance between energy intake and nutrient density based on the groups of underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity of BMI. 6) It was shown that body fat rate had remarkably significant correlation(p<0.000) with BMI(r=0.760) and WHR(r=0.817) respectively, but body fat rate was more correlated with WHR than with BMI. There was not much significant difference between body fat rate and WHR whether they exercised or not. However. BMI was significantly higher in the exercise group because one who showed higher BMI started to exercise since they looked fat in appearance and perceived as they were fat. fat.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.75-86
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• 2015

The survey was taken from July to August 2012 by users who visited Gyeongju National Park to compare the perceived gap of users regarding management policy by characteristic of Gyeongju National Park district type in this study. Gyeongju National Park users' characteristic, use pattern and perception regarding park management policy were created as survey items. First, district type was classified based on use pattern of the visitor and the key resources of 8 districts in Gyeongju National Park. Tohamsan District, which has many visitors for the purpose of scenery appreciation and recreation with Bulguksa and Seokguram Grotto, is classified as tourism type, Namsan and Daebon District, which bring in many visitors seeking to learn about historical culture and environmental education, could be classified as historical culture education types, and Hwarang, Seoak, Sogeum River, Gumisan District are places residents use for physical training, hiking and walking to improve health, thus classifying them as neighborhood park types. People perceived that the tourism type is where users for historical artifact tours are concentrated, thus consideration for plans that can improve visitors' satisfaction from a user limit policy is required, and a manager's right to control use behavior must be reinforced in historical culture education types. On the other hand, users of neighborhood parks found the lowest necessity for most of the policy, and this showed that users of each of Gyeongju National Park's districts felt differently about the need for policies. This result is expected to be utilized as a database for introducing policy that reflects the perception of users in each districts of Gyeongju National Park in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.3
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• pp.382-391
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• 2019

This study was conducted to verify whether smartphone hiking apps, which generate social network data including location information, are useful tools for analyzing the use characteristics of a forest recreation area. For this purpose, the study identified the functions and service characteristics of smartphone hiking apps. Also, the use characteristics of the area of Daegwallyoung were analyzed, compared with the results of the field survey, and the applicability of hiking apps was reviewed. As a result, the service types of hiking apps were analyzed in terms of three categories: "information offering," "hiking record," and "information sharing." This study focused on an app that is one of the "hiking record" types with the greatest number of users. Analysis of the data from hiking apps and a field survey in the Daegwallyoung area showed that both hiking apps and the field survey can be used to identify the movement patterns, but hiking apps based on a global positioning system (GPS) are more efficient and objective tools for understanding the use patterns in a forest recreation area, as well as for extracting user-generated photos. Second, although it is advantageous to analyze the patterns objectively through the walking-speed data generated, field surveys and observation are needed as complements for understanding the types of activities in each space. The hiking apps are based on cellphone use and are specific to "hiking" use, so user bias can limit the usefulness of the data. It is significant that this research shows the applicability of hiking apps for analyzing the use patterns of forest recreation areas through the location-based social network data of app users who record their hiking information voluntarily.

• The Journal of the Korean Institute of Forest Recreation
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.59-69
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• 2018

This is a cross-sectional study that suggests ways to activate forest welfare services (FWS) by investigating the infrastructure, service status, and perception on FWS in Korea. In August 2016, a structured email survey was conducted in nation widely. The respondents were mostly directors and general secretary (75.0%). The considerable number (16.3%) of nursing homes (NH) use some floors of the complex buildings that would be difficult to have FWS infrastructure and about 30% of those without forests near the facilities. The directors of NH recognize that FWS has positive effects on the elderly. However, FWS is not an requisite of the longterm care insurance benefit, and so costly and effort-intensive that FWS has not been activated so far. In order to activate FWS in NHs, it is necessary to develop and disseminate the guidelines on FWS that anyone can easily followed. In addition, when the National Health Insurance Corporation evaluates NHs, they should evaluate not only whether there is a wandering or walking space, but also whether it has forest healing factors such as forests. It is also necessary to create a barrier-free environment both inside and outside of NHs, increasing accessibility to the toilet in gardens, paving a passage for wheelchairs and lifts in forests near NHs. Through these efforts, it is expected that FWS will be activated to provide physical, mental rest and comfort, appropriate cognitive stimulation to the NH residents at the end of life.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.429-437
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• 2020

This study is aimed at exploring the current state, necessity and activation of curriculum related to image making program in domestic colleges. To achieve this, an empirical survey was carried out to college students to provide basic data for the development of image making education program in the college curriculum as a measure to guide job interviews with them and improve interpersonal skills of employees-to-be. To achieve this, a survey was carried out to 400 college students in Gwangju and Jeonnam areas. The analysis was conducted to verify the collected data using SPSS v. 21.0 through the process of data coding and data cleaning. The results are as follows. First, the necessity of image making program curriculum showed that they needed the image making program in the college curriculum, the image making program curriculum to get a job and manage an image of employees-to-be after graduation, and other people's help to figure out the images objectively. Second, the educational importance of image making program showed that attitude (behavior) was the highest, followed by manners & greeting, look, speech, relationship, clothes, hairstyle, and makeup. In terms of the important educational factors of image making program, look was the highest, followed by makeup, hairstyle, attitude (behavior), relationship, speech, clothes, and manners & greeting, which look was the most important. Third, the educational influence of image making program showed that the influence on employment was the highest, followed by the influence on relationship, and the influence on life. Fourth, the educational activation of image making program showed that the appropriate educational time for image making program they want was from the second year. Education hours they want were once a week for one semester. And the curriculum they want was liberal arts or an optional course of liberal arts. In terms of image making program-related curriculum contents, manner & greeting was the highest, followed by makeup & coordination, job fair, education to acquire a skill qualification, and training for domestic companies, which their biggest wish was manner & greeting. And image making program leaders they want were major professors. In terms of image making program-related education, speech or voice was the highest, followed by education to analyze communication, education to analyze and practice matching hairstyles and makeup, Education on corporate interviews, and education on walking or posture correction, which their biggest wish was speech or voice and education to analyze communication.

• Journal of the Korean Burn Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.21-29
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• 2021

Purpose: Frostbite is a hazard to people exposed to cold environments. With the progression of modern industrial development and change of leisure behavior encountering cold environments, frequent accidental exposure to frostbite injury during work and human behavior is increasing, and the predisposing factors of frostbite were greatly changed than before. The purpose of this study was to make epidemiological analysis, and to review the treatment outcomes of frostbite. Methods: From March 2010 to February 2021, this study has included 27 patients with second- to third-degree frostbite injuries in Advanced Burn Reconstruction Center, Bundang Jesaeng Hosptial. A retrospective study was made about the distribution of age, gender, predisposing factors, prevalent area, type of managements, and the length of treatment period. Results: In our institution, acute management of frostbite patients has included rewarming, anticoagulation therapy (acetylsalicylic acid), and agents to improve vascular perfusion (lipo-prostaglandin E1 [Eglandin^®]). The 25 frostbite patients with second-degree frostbite (92.6%) were successfully managed by the conservative treatment alone with a mean of 20.3 days healing time. Two patients with third-degree frostbite (7.4%) also showed good outcomes after surgical reconstruction with a mean of 59 days healing time. In our clinical experiences of third-degree frostbite, definitive surgical reconstruction should be recommended to wait for more than 4~6 weeks for identification of clear demarcation of necrotic tissue caused by frostbite. In this study, 43 frostbite injuries site in 27 frostbite patients occurred. Among them, 15 patients (55.6%) had multiple-site frostbite injury. The most common predisposing cause of frostbite was refrigerant gas accidents (44.4%), followed by outdoor activity in cold environments (40.8%), misapplying ice pack for treatment purposes (7.4%), barefoot walking on the cold ground (3.7%), and loss of consciousness in cold grounds (3.7%). The most prevalent sites of frostbite injuries revealed as the hand (58.1%), followed by the foot (32.6%), face (7.0%), and abdomen (2.3%). And in the winter season from the November to March, the incidence rate of frostbite injuries was high at 74.1%. Conclusion: This study included 27 frostbite patients with 43 frostbite sites since last decade in a single institution at the community hospital. The frostbite patients with second-degree frostbite (92.6%) were successfully healed by the conservative treatment alone with a mean of 20.3 days healing time. The most common predisposing cause of frostbite was refrigerant gas accidents (44.4%), followed by outdoor activity in cold environments, etc. The most prevalent site of frostbite injuries was the hand (58.1%). And the most prevalent seasonal incidence of frostbite was from November to March (74.1%).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.13-29
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• 2022

According to the revision of the Convenience Act for Persons with Disabilities, parks and park facilities where the first park development plan is established after December 4, 2021 are mandatory, and parks must be equipped with convenience facilities for the disabled. Hence, this study aims to derive the improvements of the park evaluation index by analyzing the park certification evaluation index, the building certification evaluation index of park facilities, and the evaluation reports of the current certification status cases. As a research method, first, the certification of parks and park facilities were compared and reviewed with the Park Green Act, and differences in the certification process and certification performance were compared and analyzed. Second, differences and common items were derived by analyzing barrier free (BF)-certification evaluation indicators for parks and buildings. Third, improvement plans were derived after analyzing differences and problems in 4 BF-certified parks and four building certification cases of park facilities in certified parks, focusing on the self-evaluation report and examination results. As a result of analyzing the park and building evaluation indicators, the items for which the evaluation purpose, evaluation method, and evaluation items were commonly applied to 7 access roads for each facility, 5 parking areas for the disabled, 2 guide facilities for information facilities, 14 in 5 categories of sanitation facilities, and 1 for other facilities. In the case of sanitation facilities, there is no case where it was evaluated as a park. If the park does not have an attached toilet, the park is certified as a building. Hence, it would be essential to establish the concept of an attached toilet and discuss the application of the evaluation index on the park sanitation facility. The score of buildings in parks and park facilities was lower than that of the self-evaluation results, and the certification grades of buildings declined in three cases. The items with the highest standard deviation were BF walking continuity for parks and the path to the main entrance among access roads for buildings. As a result of analyzing the park and building evaluation results of 19 common evaluation items except for sanitary facilities, the difference in the grades of the evaluation items for each case site except for one item appeared. Therefore, applying common detailed calculation criteria for items evaluated in common with parks and buildings is needed. Since sanitation facilities have no cases of park certification and are not certified as buildings, it is essential to establish the concept of attached toilets and discuss the application of park sanitation evaluation indicators. It is necessary to develop an evaluation index suitable for the characteristics of the park, such as adjusting the items that are not evaluated in parks and establishing an evaluation index considering the ones of parks. It expects that this study would be used as primary data for improving park certification indicators.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.307-325
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• 2023

Due to the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, the frequency of people who are tired of living indoors visiting nearby mountains and national parks to relieve depression and lethargy has exploded. There is a place where thousands of people who came out of nature stop walking and breathe and rest, that is the mineral spring. Even in mountains or national parks, there are about 600 mineral springs that can be found occasionally in neighboring parks or trails in the metropolitan area. However, due to irregular and manual water quality tests, people drink mineral water without knowing the test results in real time. Therefore, in this study, we intend to develop a model that can predict the quality of the spring water in real time by exploring the factors affecting the quality of the spring water and collecting data scattered in various places. After limiting the regions to Seoul and Gyeonggi-do due to the limitations of data collection, we obtained data on water quality tests from 2015 to 2020 for about 300 mineral springs in 18 cities where data management is well performed. A total of 10 factors were finally selected after two rounds of review among various factors that are considered to affect the suitability of the mineral spring water quality. Using AutoML, an automated machine learning technology that has recently been attracting attention, we derived the top 5 models based on prediction performance among about 20 machine learning methods. Among them, the catboost model has the highest performance with a prediction classification accuracy of 75.26%. In addition, as a result of examining the absolute influence of the variables used in the analysis through the SHAP method on the prediction, the most important factor was whether or not a water quality test was judged nonconforming in the previous water quality test. It was confirmed that the temperature on the day of the inspection and the altitude of the mineral spring had an influence on whether the water quality was unsuitable.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.39.1-39.15
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• 2023

DNA barcoding without assessing reliability and validity causes taxonomic errors of species identification, which is responsible for disruptions of their conservation and aquaculture industry. Although DNA barcoding facilitates molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of species, its availability in clariid catfish lineage remains uncertain. In this study, DNA barcoding was developed and validated for clariid catfish. 2,970 barcode sequences from mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and cytochrome b (Cytb) genes and D-loop sequences were analyzed for 37 clariid catfish species. The highest intraspecific nearest neighbor distances were 85.47%, 98.03%, and 89.10% for COI, Cytb, and D-loop sequences, respectively. This suggests that the Cytb gene is the most appropriate for identifying clariid catfish and can serve as a standard region for DNA barcoding. A positive barcoding gap between interspecific and intraspecific sequence divergence was observed in the Cytb dataset but not in the COI and D-loop datasets. Intraspecific variation was typically less than 4.4%, whereas interspecific variation was generally more than 66.9%. However, a species complex was detected in walking catfish and significant intraspecific sequence divergence was observed in North African catfish. These findings suggest the need to focus on developing a DNA barcoding system for classifying clariid catfish properly and to validate its efficacy for a wider range of clariid catfish. With an enriched database of multiple sequences from a target species and its genus, species identification can be more accurate and biodiversity assessment of the species can be facilitated.