• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.201-211
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• 1996

This study was carried out on 132 obese women who satisfied both of the conditions for obesity : over 1.6 in Roher index and over 90cm in bust girth. The purpose of the study was to classify body shape of obese women and find out their respective characteristics. 1. The characteristics on shape of body measurements are the front of waist height was higer than the back of waist height due to the obesity in abdominal region and the front of the abodominal depthe was high indicating the protruding of the abdominal region. 2. Characteristics of different obese body types 1) In the study of total body type, 5 factors were found as a result of factor analsis and body types were classified 4 types (type 1: short upper torso and obese arms and legs, type 2: Long and thick torso, type 3: the most obese torso, arms and legs, type 4: less obese torso according to the cluster analysis. 2) The torso body types were coassified 2 groups (type 1: less obese than average body type, type 2: large in all girth, depth and breadth according) to the different body parts such as back lengh, bust girth, hip girth and acromion to acromion breadth. 3) The lower body types were classified 2 groups (type 1: short legs, less the depth and breadth, type 2: large in all lower body measurenents) according to back of waist height, waist girth and hip girth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1386-1397
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to classify and analyze the somatotype of early middle-aged women and to provide its total data for clothing construction, and to improve clothing culture. The subjects were 277 early middle-aged women between 35 and 44 years old. Data were collected through anthropometry and photometry and analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis and discriminant analysis. The results were as follows; 1. The result of factor analysis indicated that 10 factors were extracted through factor analysis and those factors comprised 86.13 percent of total variance. 2. Using factor scores, cluster analysis was carried out and the subject were classified into 4 cluster. Type 1 is tall, slim, and X type in front. Type 2 is standard height and weight, short upper body, and hip-protruded on the side. Type 3 is standard height, thin, H type in front, back and hip are clearly protruded, and lean-back type on the side. Type 4 is standard height, fat, and long upper body. 3. According to the stepwise discriminant analysis, the 8 important iems is classifying the somatotype of early middle-aged women are as follows : bust girth, back length hip breadth-waist breadth, back protruded point depth(back)-back waist depth(back), hip tangent tilt, hip depth(back) waist dapth(back), bust depth-waist depth, and cervical hight, The correct classification rate for these items is as exact as 83.20%.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.11
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• pp.425-431
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• 2016

The waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), calculated by dividing the waist circumference (WC) by height, has recently gained attention as an anthropometric index for central adiposity. It is an easy-to-use and less age-dependent index to identify individuals with increased cardiometabolic risk. A WHtR cutoff of 0.5 can be used in different sex and ethnic groups and is generally accepted as a universal cutoff for central obesity in children (aged ${\geq}6$ years) and adults. However, the WHtR has not been validated in preschool children, and the routine use of WHtR in children under age 6 is not recommended. Prospective studies and meta-analysis in adults revealed that the WHtR is equivalent to or slightly better than WC and superior to body mass index (BMI) in predicting higher cardiometabolic risk. In children and adolescents, studies have shown that the WHtR is similar to both BMI and WC in identifying those at an increased cardiometabolic risk. Additional use of WHtR with BMI or WC may be helpful because WHtR considers both height and central obesity. WHtR may be preferred because of its simplicity and because it does not require sex- and age-dependent cutoffs; additionally, the simple message 'keep your WC to less than half your height' may be particularly useful. This review article summarizes recent publications on the usefulness of using WHtR especially when compared to BMI and WC as a screening tool for obesity and related cardiometabolic risks, and recommends the use of WHtR in clinical practice for obesity screening in children and adolescents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.827-839
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• 2009

Sizing system of Korean structural firefighting protective clothing that is national approved should be met for specification of structural firefighting protective clothing that is identified by Ministry of Public Administration and Security(MOPAS). However if you look over the specification of sizing system, the standard is based on only 'height' and the others are indicated as the size of completed product. KS K ISO 13688 and EN 340 which is met on ISO 13688 which indicates sizing system about protective clothing has the standards of height, chest and waist circumference. Also NFPA 1971 that has standards of sizing system is based on chest circumference, cervical to wrist length, waist circumference and inseam. That is different from Korean standards. Therefore, fire fighting protective clothing standards which is based on only height should be compensated and not be relied on foreign standards like ISO. It is indispensable for developing our own sizing system of structural fire fighting protective clothing. In this studying, Korean new sizing system of structural fire fighting protective clothing was developed for providing basic information of ergonomic structural fire fighting protective clothing. The analyzed target age was between 20 and 59 years old fire fighter who extinguish the fire. And it was analyzed by 3D measurement among data of the $5^{th}$ Size Korea. On conclusion, in case of structural fire fighting protective clothing coat, physical dimension was to be chest circumference, cervical to wrist length. Three dimensions as 5cm space of circumference and four dimensions as 2.5cm space of cervical to wrist length were derived, which means that totally 12 dimensions were defined. Dimension standards of pants was based on the analysis of waist circumference and crotch height. Six dimensions as 5cm space of waist circumference and three dimensions as 5cm space of crotch height were derived, which means that totally 14 dimensions were defined.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.178-194
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• 2011

Due to the population growth of the old aged, Korea is also entering into an aging society. But a research on the pattern design to the old aged is much to be desired. The purpose of this research is to design skirt pattern fitted for each body type by categorizing the lower body type of the old aged woman. For the way of research, categorized the body type by using the female measuring size from the 65 years old to 99 years old which has been measured by the Korean body size research as an assay data, and base on this data, a suitable skirt pattern for each body type of the old aged woman was designed by practicing the exterior evaluation. The data analysis was done with the statistical treatment in SPSS 12.0, and the results are as follows. The lower body type of the old aged woman were divided into the type 1. The circumference article is the biggest compared to the height article regarding to the lower body type of the old aged woman. The type 2. The height article and the circumference and thickness articles are the poorest. The type 3. The height article is the biggest and the hip width and calf circumference are thicker than the waist width. The type 4. The height article is the lowest and the waist width is thicker instead the hip and leg are thinner. In type 1, The pattern was modified by increasing 1cm a length of the dart and raising up 1.2cm at the cross point between side line and waist line. In type 2, the basic pattern was used, and in type 3, using the outline of the basic pattern however, increased 1cm a length of the dart and modified the amounts of dart by handling the art in curve, and modified the waist line to be more three-dimensional curves by raising up 1 cm at the cross point between waist line and side line and falling down 0.5cm at the cross point between the back center line and the waist line. In type 4, modified the amounts of front and back dart to 1.25cm, and raised up 0.8cm at the cross point between side line and waist line, and modified the waist line and the side seam line in a gentle curve by reducing circumference of the skirt tail to 1cm from the side seam line.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.89-100
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• 2012

The purpose of this research is to compare the body proportion of the Mongolian and Korean men and women in their 20' s by comparing the characteristics of the body type that uses the body indexes, in order to provide the base data for the increased fit of the apparels. The results are as follows. 1) Histogram of the Rohrer' s Index for the Mongolian men and women in their 20s was examined. the Mongolian men, normal body type took up 48.0% while small body type comprised 50.0% and obese body type comprised 2.0%. the Mongolian women, normal body type comprised 61.5%, small body type comprised 22.1% and obese body type comprised 16.4%. 2) The body proportion of Korean men has 1:1.62 with upper body and low body part on a waist basis, and Mongolian men has 1:1.65. Thus Mongolian men has longer pan of lower body than Korean men. 3) Mongolian women has longer part of lower body and has higher rates of hip height, crotch height, knee height than Korean women. Mongolian women has high rate of hip line and calf length. 4) As a result comparison using the body index of Mongolian and Korean women (bust thickness/ bust width, waist thickness / waist width, hip thickness / hip width, when regarding the height as 100 ), it was found that Mongolian women are flatter than korean women.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 1999

The purpose of this research was to investigate the difference between perceptions of the nude body and of the clothed body as measured by body cathexis scale. Subjects were 274 college male and female between 20~30 yrs. Data were analyzed by using frequency, T test, cluster analysis, Duncan test by using Spss for window 8.0 PC program. Significant difference were found between mean scores of male and female on the nude body cathexis (NBC) and clothed body cathexis (CBC) Scales for hair texture, hair color, face, face color, shape of head, eye, lips, forehead, back, trunk, waist, bust, leg of shape, chest, hip. On the difference between male and female, significant differences were found between NBC and CBC scales for all body parts except hair texture, face color, ears, eyes, teech. Male had higher satisfaction than female in both body cathexis. The taller men, the higher body satisfaction with face shape, body shape, height in both body cathexis. Before appearence management, the bigger men, the higher body satisfaction with musle, waist, height, chest, body shape in both body cathexis. Male had higher satisfaction than female in both body cathexis. The taller women, the higher body satisfaction with neck, body shape, height in before appearence management. The bigger women, the higher body satisfaction with heights, weight distributions, waist, height in both.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.660-667
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to modify a Flared Skirt for women according to the somatotype of lower body. The subjects for the wear test were 3 students, who were in $mean{\pm}1{\sigma}$ each somatotype. The results of this study are as follows: First, the Flared Skirt pattern was modified according to each type. The front waist line rising measurement proposed for type 1 and type 2 were 0.5cm, because of lower front silhouette with waist shape. The back waist line rising measurement proposed for type 2 was 1cm and type 3 was 0.5cm, because of lower back shape with hip. Second, the wave-height of nodes were regular at front and back in type 1. Also, the wave-height of nodes were evenly distributed side and center. The variation ratio of wave-height of back nodes were lower than existing pattern in type 2 and type 3. It means the variation ratio of wave-height of back nodes were regular in modification pattern. Altogether, modification patterns were more regular and lower than existing pattern in the number of nodes, the distribution ratio of nodes, the wave-height of node, the variation ratio of wave height of nodes.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.309-318
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• 2012

This study aimed to find the components of visual image by researching main image-related adjectives applied to high-waist skirts. In addition, it compared and analyzed the differences and mutual influences of visual images according to variations in the waistline and skirt length of high-waist skirts. The researchers made nine high-waist skirts-combinations of three different levels of waistlines and skirt lengths. The test involved 121 people who hold degrees in the field of Clothing and Textiles. The panels tested actual images of all models wearing the high-waist skirts shown on a computer screen. The results of the study are as follows.: Four factors affected the visual image as waist-height and skirt-length changed: attractiveness, upper-body compensation, length compensation, and hips compensation. Among these factors, attractiveness was estimated as the most important factor. The torso and the hip were highlighted as the waistline increased from 3cm to 11cm, due to the optical illusion of a tighter skirt wrapping the bust, waist, and hips. As the waistline increased, the stature and leg length increased, possibly revising the overall appearance. For the skirt length, a length measuring 20cm above the knees, proved to be most attractive. This resulted in elongated height and leg length, and a slimmer overall look.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.117-125
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences of body compensation image on variations in the shoulder height and width of power shoulder raglan sleeve jacket. Nine samples were examined: 3 variations of the shoulder height and 3 variations of the shoulder width. The data was evaluated by 123 fashion design majors. The results were as follows; as a result of analyzing the body compensation image according to changes in the shoulder height and width of power shoulder raglan sleeve jacket, five factors were selected; the shoulder compensation factor, the bust compensation factor, the waist compensation factor, the arm compensation factor and the neck compensation factor. Among these factors, the shoulder compensation factor is the most important factor. Examining the major effect of the body compensation image based on changes in the shoulder height and width of power shoulder raglan sleeve jacket, it had an independent influence on factors about waist, neck, shoulder and arm compensation except a factor about bust compensation, had an influence on interacting effect of factors about shoulder, bust, waist, arm compensation, and it had no influence on interacting effect of a factor about neck compensation. This shows that the shoulder height has larger effect on neck compensation image than the shoulder width in power shoulder raglan sleeve jacket.