• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2017

Objectives : This study evaluated the efficacy of electroacupuncture therapy using an insulated needle in adults with abdominal obesity. Methods : This study was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-designed pilot trial. Sixteen participants eligible according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly divided into an insulated needle group and a control group. Insulated or common needles were inserted at acupoints located on the abdomen (CV12, CV6, ST25, ST27, SP15) and were electrically stimulated for 30 minutes (16 Hz, within tolerable strength). A total of 10 sessions of treatment were performed twice per week for 5 weeks. All participants were requested to maintain their usual diet and lifestyle. The outcome measures were waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and abdominal computed tomography (CT) of the total fat area (TFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), and visceral fat area (VFA). Results : A total of 12 participants divided into the insulated needle group (n = 5) and the control group (n = 7; common needle) were treated for 10 sessions and analyzed per-protocol (PP). WC decreased significantly after 10 sessions in both groups. The WC, TFA, SFA, and VFA of abdominal CT in the insulated needle group decreased more than in the control group; however, there were no significant differences in any parameter between the insulated needle group and the control group. Patients in the insulated needle group were more strongly stimulated with electrical stimulation than patients in the control group. Conclusion : Electroacupuncture using insulated needles in adults with abdominal obesity might be a more effective treatment than common needles. Additional studies are required to compensate for the limitations of this pilot study and to verify the results and efficacy.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2007

본 연구는 의정부 소재 초등학교에 재학중인 4${\sim}$6학년 비만 남학생 16명을 대상으로 운동과 영양교육을 중심으로 12주간 비만관리 프로그램을 실시한 후 대상자들의 비만도 및 신체둘레, 혈액 지질의 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 프로그램 실시 전과 후 체중은 55.4${\pm}$10.9 kg에서 54.4${\pm}$9.7 kg으로 다소 감소된 경향을 보였다. 체지방량은 22.12${\pm}$6.53 kg에서 21.68${\pm}$6.05 kg으로, 체지방율도 38.3${\pm}$4.7%에서 37.9${\pm}$5.2%로 감소 경향을 보인 반면, 제지방량(LBM)은 34.56${\pm}$4.75 kg에서 34.70${\pm}$4.54 kg으로 거의 변화를 보이지 않았다. 2. 참가아동의 비만도(Obesity degree, %)와 체질량지수(BMI)는 프로그램 실시 전 각각 121.3${\pm}$8.10%, 25.9${\pm}$3.3에서 프로그램 실시 후 120.0${\pm}$8.2%, 25.6${\pm}$2.7로 감소하였다. 복부 비만도(WHR)도 0.95${\pm}$0.05에서 0.95${\pm}$0.05로 프로그램 실시 전과 후 변화가 없었다. 3. 프로그램 실시 전과 후 대상아동의 가슴둘레는 90.7${\pm}$7.2 cm에서 88.2${\pm}$7.1 cm로, 허리둘레는 87.8${\pm}$8.7 cm에서 86.7${\pm}$7.8 cm로, 엉덩이둘레는 95.3${\pm}$7.5 cm에서 94.8${\pm}$6.9 cm로 신체둘레의 경우 모두 감소된 경향을 보였다. 4. 프로그램 실시 전과 후 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤 모두 정상범위 및 위험수치에는 초과하지 않아 비만도가 크게 영향을 미치지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 총 콜레스테롤은 186.25${\pm}$31.44 mg/dl에서 187.23${\pm}$39.41 mg/dl로, 중성지방은 115.25${\pm}$65.17 mg/dl에서 113.15${\pm}$34.31 mg/dl로 변화하였다. 프로그램 실시 전과 후 혈액 중 LDL-콜레스테롤 및 HDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 큰 차이를 나타내지 않아 체중 조절 프로그램으로 인한 뚜렷한 효과는 볼 수 없었다. 5. 아동들의 체중은 BMI, 체지방량, 특히 허리둘레, 엉덩이 둘레, 허리-엉덩이 둘레비와 유의성있는 상관관계를 보인 반면 혈청 콜레스테롤과 중성지방, HDL-콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤 농도와는 상관관계를 나타내지 않았다. 총 콜레스테롤은 중성지방, LDL-콜레스테롤과 유의성있는 상관관계를 보였으며, 중성지방은 LDL-콜레스테롤과 양의 상관관계를, HDL-콜레스테롤과는 음의 상관관계를 보이고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 궁극적으로 비만 아동을 대상으로 한 학교 내 체중 조절 프로그램이 장직적인 효과를 얻기 위해서는 첫째, 무엇보다 아동이 성장기임을 고려하여 지속적인 모니터링과 함께 아동들의 식이, 운동습관 및 비만과 관련된 행동의 변화가 생활 가운데 근본적으로 일어날 수 있어야 한다. 둘째, 체중 조절 프로그램은 식이 및 운동 지도와 아울러 긍정적 강화(positive reinforcement)와 보상(reward)을 통해 충분한 동기를 부여하도록 하고 프로그램 실시 후 일정기간 부모와 함께 하는 추후 관리 프로그램을 실시한다면 더욱 지속적인 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 마지막으로 현재 초등학교에는 보건교사와 영양사, 체육교사가 대부분 상주하고 있기 때문에 선생님들의 역할분담과 상호협력을 통하여 비만 예방교육, 비만 아동의 조기발견과 비만개선 프로그램을 수립하여 꾸준히 운영해 나간다면 성장기 아동의 비만문제를 해결하는데 큰 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.192-196
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• 2003

허리 둔부 둘레비가 0.85이상인 여성을 복부 비만으로 측정하고 8주간 계속해서 50분씩 달리기를 시행하였다 5Km의 실외 달리기 트랙을 50분간 강약 조절로 달리게 하였고, 운동을 시행한 후 체성분 변화에 대한 결과를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 8주간 운동에 의해 변화된 총 cholesterol이 LDL-C과 양의 상관관계를 보였다. (P<0.001), 허리 둔부 둘레비(WHR)는 총 cholesterol과 triglyceride의 변화량과 양의 상관관계를 보였으며(P<0.05) 허리 둔부 둘레비는 혈청 지질의 수준에 영향을 주었다. 또한 운동에 의하여 BMI와 체지방량은 유의적인 감소를 하였고 혈청지질 중 triglyceride는 역시 유의적인 감소를 보였다. 따라서 운동은 복부비만 여성에게 혈청지질 농도를 변화시켜 고지혈증이나 성인병의 유발을 감소시킬 것으로 사료된다. 한편 HDL-C과 LDL-C은 유의적인 변화를 보이지 않았으므로 장기간 운동에 의한 신체의 영향을 지속적으로 연구하는 일이 요구된다고 할 수 있다. 운동전, 혈청지질 간의 상관관계에서 총 cholesterol은 triglyceride, LDL-C과 양의 상관관계를 보였으며 운동 후 변화량을 비교한 상관관계에서도 총 cholesterol과 LDL-C은 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 허리 둔부 둘레비도 총 cholesterol과 triglyceride에 유의적인 상관성을 보여 체지방량 감소에 의하여 체형이 변화될 수 있는 가능성을 시사하였다. 복부비만 여성을 대상으로 실시한 운동은 혈청지질 농도 개선에 전반적인 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으나 운동이 LDL-C과 HDL-C에 미치는 영향을 구체적으로 연구하기 위하여 좀 더 장기적인 연구가 지속되어야 하며, 앞으로 허리 둔부 둘레비와 심혈관 질환과의 상관성도 깊게 연구되어야 할 필요가 있다고 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.840-848
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• 2007

대학생의 생활 스트레스와 수면, 신체계측, 영양소섭취 상태와의 상관관계를 알아보고자 자기 기입식 설문조사와 신체계측 및 체성분 검사, 식이섭취조사를 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 대학생들의 평균 수면 시간은 남학생 7.0시간, 여학생 7.1시간이었고, 수면 점수는 남학생 40.6${\pm}$5.7, 여학생 41.5${\pm}$5.3으로 수면 시간과 수면 점수에 있어 남녀 간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 수면과 생활 스트레스 간의 상관관계에서 남녀 모두에게 수면 시간은 생활 스트레스의 수준(스트레스 경험 빈도, 중요도, 총 스트레스 점수)과 상관관계를 보이지 않았으나, 수면의 질을 나타내는 수면 점수와 생활 스트레스 수준(스트레스 경험 빈도, 중요도, 총 스트레스 점수)을 살펴보았을 때, 남녀 모두에게 생활 스트레스와 수면의 질 간에 매우 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보여(p<0.01) 수면의 양보다는 수면의 질이 생활 스트레스와 더 상관이 있음을 보여주었다. 생활 스트레스 경험 빈도, 중요도, 총점과 신체계측 간에 상관성을 보았을 때 남학생은 생활 스트레스 경험 빈도, 중요도, 총점과 신체계측 및 체성분 간에 유의한 상관관계가 나타나지 않았으나 여학생은 생활 스트레스 경험빈도, 총점이 신체발달 점수와 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.05). 남학생의 경우 경제 문제와 신체계측과의 상관관계에서 체중(p<0.05), 허리둘레(p<0.05), 엉덩이둘레(p<0.05)와 유의적인 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 여학생은 이성 문제에 대한 스트레스와 BMI(p<0.05), 체지방률(P<0.01), 복부지방률(p<0.01), 비만도(p<0.05) 간에 유의적인 음의 상관관계를 보였고, 친구 문제와 BMI(p<0.05), 비만도(p<0.05), 엉덩이둘레(p<0.05)간에 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 보였으며 학업 문제에서 체지방률(p<0.05), 복부지방률(p<0.05)과 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 영양소 섭취량과 생활 스트레스와의 상관관계에서 몇몇 영양소와 생활스트레스 간에 유의한 상관성을 보였으며, 생활 스트레스 원인별로 그 양상이 달랐다 남학생은 대체로 동물성 식품으로부터 얻을 수 있는 영양소인 칼슘, 철분 등과 생활 스트레스 간에 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 이상에서 조사된 바에 의하면 대학생의 생활 스트레스는 수면의 양보다는 수면의 질과 상관성이 있었으며 체성분, 영양소 섭취상태와도 상관성을 보였다. 생활 스트레스에 적절히 대처하는데 올바른 식습관 및 생활습관의 확립이 도움이 될 것으로 사료되며 대학생을 대상으로 운동, 자신이 좋아하는 취미활동 하기, 상담제도 이용 등의 올바른 생활스트레스 관리 방법에 대한 교육과 바람직한 식생활을 위한 영양교육이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.147-159
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• 2008

Objectives : In order to investigate the relation of body composition analysis and isokinetic trunk muscle strength for the screening test of low back pain. Methods : This study was carried out with the data from comprehensive medical testing. 75 subject aged 20-59 performed the segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis, isokinetic trunk muscle strength test and questionnaire. Then we analyzed the relationship of data. Results : Low back pain(LBP) prevalence in high obesity index(Body mass index(BMI), Percentage of Body Fat(PBF), Waist Hip Ratio(WHR)) group was higher than LBP prevalence in normal obesity index group(p<0.001). In LBP group, Extension Peak Torque(Ext.PT), Extension Peak Torque per Body Weight(Ext.PT/BW) were significantly lower than Non-LBP group(p<0.001). And 90% of LBP group indicated abnormal Extension-Flexion Ratio(E/F ratio)(1.0 < Normal E/F ratio <1.6). When it comes to analyze relation between obesity index and muscle strength, Ext.PT/BW was significantly decreased according to PBF, WHR score. And correlation coefficient in Flex.PT, Flex.PT/BW, Ext.PT, Ext.PT/BW and PBF showed decreasing function. Conclusions : Results from this investigation showed positive correlation between obesity and LBP prevalence. Decreased muscle strength and inbalanced E/F ratio were shown in LBP. Trunk muscle strength was changed according to body mass composition parameters. This results are expected to contribute to prevent and diagnose LBP by application the clinical index of body composition analysis.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to verify nutrient intake status and prevalence of obesity in vegetarians non-vegetarians and non-vegetarians. The vegetarian subjects consisted of 127 Buddhist nuns(age:23-79 yrs) from Oonmoon Temple on the Choungdo District of Gyeongsang Bookdo Province and 118 Buddhist nuns practicing Zen meditation at Soodeok Temple in Yeosan District of Chongcheong Namdoo Province. Control subjects were 235 healthy female adults aged from 23 to 79 years old. They were teachers and nurses at the hospital of Gyeongsang National University and housewives living in Chinju, Gyeingsang Namdoo Province. The study was conducted from October 1996 to February 1997, and consisted of a survey and anthropometric measurement. The results are summarized as follows : The average age of the subjects was 44.2 yrs for vegetarians and 40.5 yrs for non-vegetarians. The average body mass index(BMI) of vegetarians and non-vegetarians was 22.4 and 21.0, the waist hip ratio(WHR) was 0.8 and 0.8, and the percentage of body fat was 28.7 and 26.5 respectively. The average duration of vegetarian diet among vegetarians was 13.1 years. The nutrient intakes of vegetarians were above the RDA for all the nutrients expect calcium and vitamin A. The intakes of fat, cholesterol, saturated fatty acid and the energy ratio from fat among the vegetarians were significantly lower than those of the non-vegetarians(p〈0.01). However, the vegetarians consumed significantly higher amounts of fiber and vitamin C compared to the non-vegetarians(p〈0.01). Also, the ratio of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid was significantly higher in vegetarians. The prevalence of obesity was 13.9% for vegetarians and 11.9% for non-vegetarians by criteria of BMI 25 as obese.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.304-315
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to relate the degree of hypertension to nutritional status, in order to prepare basic data for a nutrition program. The study using the WHO standard divided the residents in Kangbuk-gu into a normal group (NG) of 254 adults with systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 130 or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) < 85; a borderline hypertensive group (BG) of 81 adults with 130 $\leq$ SBP $\leq$ 140 or 85 $\leq$ DBP $\leq$ 90; and a hypertensive group (HG) of 143 adults with SBP > 140 or DBP > 90. The mean age of HG was older than the other groups (p < 0.001). The dietary intake was investigated by the 24-hour recall method. The Ca intake as the percentage of the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for the HG were higher than that of the other groups (p < 0.01). The Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR) of Ca and Vit. A were below 0.75 for all three groups. The Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) was above 0.75 (p > 0.05) for all three groups. The Dietary Variety Score (DVS) of the NG was 22.7, and higher than those of the other groups (p > 0.05) The fasting blood sugar (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (p < 0.001), protein (p < 0.001), albumin (p < 0.01), hemoglobin (Hb) (p < 0.001), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p < 0.001), and creatinine (p <0.05) values of the HG were higher than those of the other groups. The Body Mass Index (BMI) and the waist-hip ratio (WHR) of the HG were higher than those of the other groups (p < 0.001) . In conclusion, these results showed that there tended to be differences among the three groups. For effective nutritional education and counseling of each group, we should furtherstudy the differences and understand their characteristics of each group in order to provide nutritional education for controling and preventing hypertension.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.289-302
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed in order to investigate the relation of body composition analysis and radiological parameter(lumbosacral angle, lumbar lordortic angle, lumbar gravity line). Methods : This study was carried out with the data from comprehensive medical testing. 75 subject aged 20-59 performed the segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis, questionnaire. And lumbosacral angle, lumbar lordortic angle and lumbar gravity line were measured in the standing position x-ray. Then we analyzed the data. Results : Low back pain(LBP) prevalence in high obesity index(Body Mass Index(BMI), Percentage of Body Fat(PBF), Waist Hip Ratio(WHR)) group was higher than LBP prevalence in normal obesity index group(p<0.01). In LBP group, lumbosacral angle, lumbar lordortic angle were significantly lager than Non-LBP group(p<0.001). And 75% of LBP group indicated abnormal lumbar gravity line ratio(0.67 < Normal lumbar gravity line ratio <1.00). When it comes to analyze relation between obesity index and radiological parameter, no-significant change was seen. Conclusions : This study carried as following research after the study on relation of obesity, LBP and trunk muscle strength. Results from this investigation showed positive correlation between obesity and LBP prevalence. But obesity index didn't indicate significant correlation with structural changes of lumbar vertebrae. When considering prior research, trunk muscle strength changes were more related to LBP prevelence in obese people. This results are expected to explain causes of LBP in obese group.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.982-996
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• 2010

This study classified the body shapes of Korean obese women and investigated the differences of each body shape, using 2004 Size Korea data. For selecting the obesity sample, 7 obesity judgment indices were chosen through previous clothing-related studies. A total of 636 females defined as "obese" by 5 out of 7 indices were selected as subjects and 54 body measurements and obesity judgment indices were used in this study. Firstly, mean, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum values of each measurement and item were obtained from the descriptive analysis of 53 measurements. According to the descriptive analysis, all measurements and obesity judgment indices of the subjects demonstrated a serious obesity level shown by BMI 27.11, R$\ddot{o}$hrer index 1.76, Vervaeck index 104.77, Relative weight 133.00, WHR 0.90, and waist circumference 86.71cm. In addition, the measurements and indices showed considerable differences between minimum and maximum values. Significant differences were identified in all measurements and items at a significant level, p=.001. Each distribution of body types according to age, stature, bust, and waist circumference groups was provided in this study. Secondly, factor analyses were conducted using 38 measurement items to extract the body characteristics of obese women. Factor 1 was "circumference measurements & obesity judgment indices," Factor 2 was "heights & arm-related lengths," and Factor 3 was "size and ratio of waist circumference & hip circumference." Factor 4 was "lengths in upper body," Factor 5 was "back width in upper body," Factor 6 was "side neck point to bust & bust circumference," Factor 7 was "length in lower body & arm circumferences" and Factor 8 was "neck base circumference & front width in upper body." These 8 factors explained 76.54% of the total variance. Finally, 5 body types were selected in the cluster analysis. Type 1 (with big back widths & arm circumferences) was 15.5% of the entire subjects, Type 2 (the shortest and fattest, with big upper body) was 18.8%, Type 3 (with big breast) was 27.8%, Type 4 (the tallest and longest in arm lengths, with the smallest arm circumferences and lengths in torso) was 22.5%, and Type 5 (with big hips compared to waist circumferences, smaller height and upper body) was 15.5%. Fundamental differences were identified in all measurements and items at the significant level of p=.001. In addition, each distribution of body type according to age, height, bust, and waist circumference groups was provided in this study.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.86-94
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• 2005

This study was conducted to examine bone mineral density and factors which effect on bone mineral density such as daily nutrients intake, age, menarch age and physical condition among healthy female college students in Daegu area from April 20, to May 20, 2004. 1. Average age was 20.5$\pm$0.96 years old, average height was 160.9$\pm$4.30㎝, and average weight was 55.9$\pm$7.67㎏. Body mass index was 21.6$\pm$2.91㎏/㎡, body fat was 25.6$\pm$5.79％, menarche age was average 12.5$\pm$1.1 years old and WHR(waist/hip circumference ratio) was 0.8$\pm$0.01㎝/㎝. 2. Average level of bone mineral density(T-score -0.56$\pm$0.91) was in normal range. But, 11 persons(24.4％) are over T-score -1.0, 33 persons(73.4％) were within -1.0 - -2.5 and one person(2.2％) was under -2.5. It is very anxious level for Osteopenia-low bone mass, as research result shows 73.4% of the subject of examine on the level of Osteopenia. 3. Daily calorie intake was 2,550㎉ and each nutrient intake, compared to the seventh recommended dietary allowances for korean, was as follows ; Calorie 112％, protein 123％, calcium 78％, phosphorus 137％, iron 68％, vitamin A 101％, vitamin $B_1$ 141％, vitamin $B_2$ 95％, niacin 107％, vitamin C 128％ and zinc 120％. The ratio of calcium to phosphorus(Ca/P) is 0.66, low compared to RDA, but phosphorus intake is so high compared to RDA that precautions should be taken. The ratio of calcium to protein(Ca/Protein) is 8.55. 4. Menarche age and bone mineral density of calcaneus showed positive correlation and body mass index(BMI) indicated positive correlation. Age, height, weight. WHR and physical activity coefficient all do not indicate any significant correlation with bone mineral density. 5. Intake of Calorie, Ca, Ca/p ratio, carbohydrate and fat intake were positively correlated and, protein was negatively correlated, and Fe, Na, P and cholesterol were negatively correlated with BMD. These results indicate that average bone mineral density of subjects was in normal range, but subjects in the stage of osteopenia-low bone mass are many and bad effects are expected to have on their bone mineral density after menopause. Therefore, in order reach maximal bone mineral density, they should improve the balance between calcium and phosphorus and reduce salt intake. And it is thought that education and profound studies on relevant factors affecting the genesis of bone mineral density should be made.