• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2016

PURPOSE. This study conducted an analysis of cost-effectiveness of the implant and conventional fixed dental prosthesis (CFDP) from a single treatment perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The Markov model for cost-effectiveness analysis of the implant and CFDP was carried out over maximum 50 years. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed by the 10,000 Monte-Carlo simulations, and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves (CEAC) were also presented. The results from meta-analysis studies were used to determine the survival rates and complication rates of the implant and CFDP. Data regarding the cost of each treatment method were collected from University Dental Hospital and Statistics Korea for 2013. Using the results of the patient satisfaction survey study, quality-adjusted prosthesis year (QAPY) of the implant and CFDP strategy was evaluated with annual discount rate. RESULTS. When only the direct cost was considered, implants were more cost-effective when the willingness to pay (WTP) was more than 10,000 won at $10^{th}$ year after the treatment, and more cost-effective regardless of the WTP from $20^{th}$ year after the prosthodontic treatment. When the indirect cost was added to the direct cost, implants were more cost-effective only when the WTP was more than 75,000 won at the $10^{th}$ year after the prosthodontic treatment, more than 35,000 won at the $20^{th}$ year after prosthodontic treatment. CONCLUSION. The CFDP was more cost-effective unless the WTP was more than 75,000 won at the $10^{th}$ year after prosthodontic treatment. But the cost-effectivenss tendency changed from CFDP to implant as time passed.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2004

It is important to select a risk based priority area for environmental policy formation and decision-making. We estimated the health risks and associated damage costs from exposure to fine particles and assigned priority areas for twenty -five districts in Seoul. In order to estimate the theoretical mortality incidence of the health risk, baseline risks were estimated from mortality rates in two low level areas of fine particles, Seocho Gu and Cheju city To estimate the damage cost from the risk estimates, we investigated and estimated the willingness to pay (WTP) for specific risk reduction. We assumed two different locations as the reference area, Cheju city as Scenario I and Seocho gu as Scenario II. From the results, the five districts, Kwangjin, Chungnang, Kangbuk, Nowon, and Kangnam, ranked high in the categories of both health risk and economic risk. Damage costs were over twenty billion won in each of these districts. As there are uncertainties in these results, the parameter values such as PM$_{2.5}$ level, dose -response slope factor, baseline risk, exposure population and WTP should be continuously validated and refined.d.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

생태계서비스중 문화서비스 측면에서 억새경관 보전 가치를 경제적으로 추정하기 위해 부산 도심지에 위치한 승학산과 경남지역 억새명산으로 유명한 화왕산 및 재약산을 조사 대상지로 선정하였다. 각 대상지의 탐방객들을 대상으로 억새경관보전가치에 대한 지불의사액을 설문조사한 후, 수집된 지불의사액(Willingness To Pay)으로부터 조건부가치측정법(CVM)을 이용해 각 대상지의 1인당 억새경관의 경제적 가치를 평가하였으며, 카이제곱검정으로 대상지간 차이를 분석한 후, 변수별 상관관계도 알아보았다. 억새경관보전에 대한 지불의사액은 응답자의 소득이 높을수록 높게 나타났으며, 일상생활에서 환경보전노력을 많이 할수록 높게 나타났다. 제시액이 높을수록 "예"의 응답은 낮아짐을 알 수 있었다. 각각의 투입된 변수로 추출된 계수를 이용하여 추정한 1인당 억새경관가치에 대한 평가는 승학산(38,277원), 화왕산(38,648원), 재약산(48,891원)으로 추정되었으며, 전체 평균 지불의사액은 38,679원으로 추정되었다. 이러한 억새경관의 경제적 가치는 영화 관람비나 놀이 공원입장료 등의 현 시세 물가와 비교하였을 때 탐방객들의 지불의사가 비교적 높다고 볼 수 있는데, 이는 탐방객들이 억새경관에 대해 자연이 제공하는 생태계서비스중 문화서비스(cultural services)의 측면에서 자연자산자원으로의 가치를 충분히 인지하고 있기 때문으로 판단할 수 있다.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2024

Purpose: This study explores the potential use of food e-labels for restaurants to solve the current inadequacies in food labeling within the restaurant sector. Additionally, the study examines the feasibility and scalability of implementing e-labels for food labeling purposes, investigates consumers' perceptions of e-labels for restaurant offerings, and assesses the value of implementing e-labels. Research design, data and methodology: The value of food e-labels was estimated using the contingent valuation method. Samples were selected from the survey, considering the distribution of population, using stratified sampling method. In the survey, respondents were provided with information explaining the food e-label and were asked whether they would accept the proposed amount for food e-labeling. Results: Estimation results revealed that the individual demographic factors of the respondents significantly influenced their willingness to pay (WTP), along with their food purchasing behavior and the degree of food labeling checking. Based on the estimated results, WTP was calculated to be 2,624 KRW. Conclusions: The study findings can serve as a reference for related businesses and policies, suggesting the need for further research and detailed discussions. To activate food e-labeling, promotion and education are essential complements to mere regulatory implementation.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.111-127
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• 2022

This study examined how chicken breed affects consumer behavior. The breeds evaluated were a Korean native chicken (KNC) and a commercial broiler (CB). Consumer behavior was measured by evaluating sensory attributes (taste, odor, and texture) and purchase behaviors [satisfaction, purchase intention, and willingness to pay (WTP)]. The sensory evaluation was conducted using healthy Korean consumers (n=100). The chicken was cooked in baeksuk (Korean traditional chicken soup), which is a seasonal summer health food in Korea. The participants evaluated sensory attributes and purchase behaviors between blinded samples of baeksuk (CB) and unblinded samples of baeksuk (KNC). The sensory evaluation involved chicken breasts and legs. The participants considered KNC as having a more umami taste, a chewier and juicer texture, and a less metallic odor than CB. Moreover, when participants were given KNC breed information, they expressed higher satisfaction, purchase intention, and WTP. The results of this study contribute to consumer behavior literature by revealing the effects of breed information on consumer sensory perceptions and purchase behaviors. Furthermore, the findings provide evidence that branding KNC is one way to increase its demand and low market share while contributing to sustainable consumption.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to establish the role of master gardener coordinators and develop an education program to enhance their job competencies. To analyze and develop the new job of master gardener coordinator, we used the CBC method for curriculum development. The research findings can be summarized as follows. The analysis result of need and importance of education based on the performance level and demand level revealed 20 core competencies, which were classified into organizational education, learning by experience, individual learning, low-priority competencies for program development, with focus on the importance and need for education. The 17 courses are comprised of Eastern and Western Garden History, Understanding of Community Garden, Garden Aesthetics and Environmental Design, Master Gardener's Mission & Management, Garden Plants, and Garden Design and Practice etc. and the curriculum is 33 hours in total. The master gardener coordinator education program was conducted on 73 rural extension workers and the curriculum was evaluated by those who completed the program. The overall satisfaction was 4.29 and 97.1% of the trainees decided that the program would help them perform their duties. The analysis result discovered that all 20 core competencies increased after the program. As a result of conducting contingent valuation to determine the value of the program, willingness to pay (WTP) per hour was KRW 33,223 and the total WTP was KRW 1.096 million, which, when multiplied by 73 participants, is approximately KRW 80.008 million. This is relatively higher than the budget used (KRW 22.943 million), indicating that the program is worth it.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2017

Nowadays, many people suffer from stress because of their jobs, studies, traffic, etc. Daily stress may cause many diseases (Garrett, 1991). One of the methods for reducing stress is experiencing a natural environment (Frumkin, 2001). Cibodas botanical garden (CBG) is one of the most famous travel destinations in Bogor, Indonesia. CBG has the potential for tourism activities. However, an economic assessment is required to verify their sustainability. The research objectives of this study were to identify the characteristics of tourism utilization in CBG, to analyze the economic tourism value of CBG, and to measure the effectiveness of traveling to a natural environment for reducing stress. The research method used was the survey. This study used three data analysis methods: (1) descriptive analysis which was used to identify the characteristics of tourists, (2) travel cost method (TCM), and (3) contingent valuation method (CVM). Results showed some differences in the characteristics of foreign and domestic tourists respondents in age, educational background, income level, number of dependents, and the frequency of their visits. CBG has a high economic value, amounting to IDR (Indonesian Rupiah) 5,508,932,605,405 or approximately USD (United State Dollar) 413,000,000. WTP (Willingness to Pay) of domestic tourist respondents was IDR 29,702 or USD 2.2 per visit, while the value of foreign tourist respondents reached IDR 39,700 or USD 2.9 per visit. Respondents found it preferable to pay more for tickets (WTP value) than to buy medication to reduce their stress.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2012

A project to build a large oceanographic research ship was proposed to improve the level of ocean research. This paper attempts to measure the non-market benefits of the project. To this end, the dichotomous choice contingent valuation method is used. In particular, the recently proposed one and one-half bounded model is applied. The model can reduce the potential for response bias compared to the double bounded model, while maintaining much of its efficiency. Moreover, in order to deal with zero WTP observations, a spike model is adjusted for our data. A survey of 500 randomly selected households was implemented in the Metropolitan area. The respondents were asked in person-to-person interviews about how they would be willing to pay for implementing the project. Overall, respondents accepted the contingent market, and were willing to contribute a significant amount (3,244 won), on average, per household per year. The aggregate value of the project nationwide would amount to approximately 40.1 billion won per year.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.191-209
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to establish a strategy to activate the export of Korean paprika to Vietnam. For this, we survey 202 adults in Vietnam, and analyzed the paprika purchase and consumption behavior, preferences, considerations, and willingness to pay. Most of respondents had purchased paprika, and offline grocery stores are the major purchasing location of paprika. The price elasticity of Korean paprika is greater than 1, showing more elasticity than other origins, and it is advantageous to implement the price reduction strategy. The number of household members and the level of education affect purchasing intentions. In conclusion, product composition targeting small households, pricing strategy, and K-Food marketing are appropriate.

• 농촌계획
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2009

The Ethnic Villages which are designated as a cultural property in Korea are important factors to recognize how the living environment was and to represent uniqueness should be preserved in Korea. For these reasons, this study investigates the Ethnic Villages in Korea and evaluates the economic values of the Ethnic Villages using CVM(contingent valuation method) which has been knows as one of the practical methods in the field of environmental economics. The results of this study indicate that the economic value of the Ethnic Villages for conservation and maintenance is 27,430 won per household/month, and this can be converted into 19,398 hundred million won per one year. This results proves validity of this study compared to the maintenance cost conserving the Ethnic Village of the Cultural Heritage Administration. It can be used as a policy basis to raise finances for conserving the Ethnic Village needed additional support.