• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1095-1103
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• 2014

WBAN has received great attention recently due to its versatile applicability. In this paper, antennas suitable for WBAN communication depending on the locations of mobile devices and the manufacturing of a human equivalent phantom are introduced. The effect of the body on the communication performance is largely dependent on the locations of devices. Specifically, the radiation and return loss characteristics of the antenna are greatly influenced by the characteristics of a medium existing in the near-field of an antenna. Thus, the proper WBAN antenna design is important in establishing a successful communication link between the transceivers. To consider the effect of the body on the antenna performance, the human equivalent phantom is also important factor in the WBAN antenna design and measurement. In introduction, categorization of the WBAN communication channel is introduced and antenna characteristics required for each communication channel are described. In the main subject section, several WBAN antenna design examples along with the implementation of the human equivalent phantom are discussed. In conclusion, the factors, which have to be considered in the design process, and future research are mentioned.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.88-97
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• 2009

As the development of wireless techniques, transmission technology of body area network plays an important role in realizing a welfare society by combining IT and BT when applying to vehicles. Off-body WBAN (Wireless Body Area Network) systems for video data transmission require low battery consumption and high data rate. To satisfy the requirement, UWB has been considered as a promising candidate for high rate WBAN. This paper introduces an antenna selection technique for ultra-wideband based off-body WBAN system with low complexity. In this paper, we propose an antenna selection scheme using non-coherent receiver for off-body high data rate WBAN system. The proposed receiver antenna selection method takes advantage of the characteristic of BPPM (Binary Pulse Position Modulation). With the property of BPPM, this scheme calculates the approximate SNR of the received signal with non-coherent receiver.

• Journal of Convergence Society for SMB
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.27-32
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• 2013

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) have been made possible by the emergence of small and lightweight wireless systems such as Bluetooth, enabled devices and PDAs. Antennas are an essential part of any WBAN system and due to various technical requirements and physical constraints, careful consideration of their design and deployment is needed. This paper is proposing on the design of wearable antenna as parts of clothing to serve communications functions, such as tracking and navigation in health care applications. The substrates of the wearable antennas will be made from textile materials and since it is wearable, it should have a small size, be light weight, low maintenance, and unobtrusive. This proposed paper will also investigate the influence of different parameters for wearable antenna including types of textile/substrate to ensure that the antenna design satisfies WBAN requirements. The characteristics and behavior of the antenna need to adhere to specifications set by wireless standards and system technology requirements. This means that the transmitting and receiving frequency bands of the various units need to be chosen accordingly. Since there are restrictions on the level of power to which the human body can be exposed to, the antenna as well as other RF system components must be designed to meet these restrictions. Antenna gain, which directly affects power transmitted, is a critical parameter in ensuring power levels fall within the safety guidelines and so will be of primary importance in the design. The electromagnetic interaction between WBAN antennas and devices and the human body will also be explored.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2013

This paper proposes a miniaturized high-isolation diversity antenna for wearable wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. An inverted-F type radiating element is used to reduce the overall dimension of the proposed antenna to $30mm{\times}30mm{\times}2.5mm$. The antenna performance on the human body phantom is analyzed through simulation and the performance of the fabricated antenna is verified by comparing the measured data with that of the simulation when the antenna is placed on a semi-solid flat phantom with equivalent electrical properties of a human body. The fabricated antenna has a 10 dB return loss bandwidth over the Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) band from 2.35 GHz to 2.71 GHz and isolation is higher than 28 dB at 2.45 GHz. The measured peak gain of antenna elements # 1 and # 2 is -0.43 dBi and -0.54 dBi, respectively. Performance parameters are analyzed, including envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), mean effective gain (MEG), and the MEG ratio. In addition, the specific absorption ratio (SAR) distributions of the proposed antenna are measured for consideration in use.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.144-151
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• 2013

This paper investigates the effect of antenna polarization in Wireless Body Area Network(WBAN) off-body channel. The polarizations of antenna are divided into four combinations regarding Line-of-Sight(LOS) and Non-LOS(NLOS) environment. The human body keeps both still standing and moving to show that the impact of the polarization to signal. This paper confirms the performance depending on the polarization of receiver antenna and the combination of the polarizations on the off-body channel.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.265-271
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• 2015

In this paper, Dualband meander microstrip antenna is proposed for Wireless Body Area Network application. Designed antenna is mounted on the phantom to maintain a constant distance of the substrate, and studied the characteristics related to change in several meaningful parameters to improve performance. Characteristics of antenna, returnloss, radiation pattern, gain, bandwidth, are analyzed using Computer Simulation Technologes(CST) software. The proposed antenna operates at 4.33Ghz and 6.09GHz ~ 9.88GHz for UWB. The antenna showed that returnloss and -10dB bandwidth are -42.30dB and 410Mhz at 4.33GHz, maximum -29.11dB and 3.75GHz at 6.1GHz ~ 9.8GHz.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.314-319
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• 2012

In this paper, a repeater antenna operating at MICS and ISM bands is proposed and the antenna performance including the human body effect is investigated. The proposed antenna is composed of a ZOR(Zeroth Order Resonator) and a loop antenna. A loop antenna is operated at ISM band and a loop antenna capacitively coupled with a ZOR acts as an antenna for MICS band. Simulation was carried out in order to analyze the effects of human body on antenna performance when a human body is located in the near field of an antenna. According to the simulated and measured results, the proposed antenna has -10 dB $S_{11}$ bandwidth wide enough to cover both MICS and ISM bands. The measured peak gains are -28.53 dBi and 3.85 dBi at MICS and ISM band, respectively. The dual band and radiation properties of the proposed antenna are well suited for the WBAN repeater system.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.229-234
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• 2012

This paper presents channel measurements for wireless body area network(WBAN) and provides performance evaluation from the measurement. We measured the radio propagation in 2.45 GHz ISM band in an anechoic chamber according to various human movements and the position of transmit antennas. Two transmit antennas are mounted on different positions of human body for the purpose of comparing the diversity gain and correlation between the channels in $2{\times}1$ multiple-input single-output(MISO) systems. The experimental results show that the outage capacity is closely related with the correlation coefficient between channels in transmit diversity system.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.206-211
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• 2010

In this paper, an implantable planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) for an artificial cardiac pacemaker is proposed. The antenna has a simple structure with a low profile and is placed on the top side of the pacemaker. The dimensions of the pacemaker system, including the antenna element, are $42{\times}43.6{\times}11$ mm. When the antenna is embedded in pig tissue, its $S_{11}$ value is -10.94 dB at 403 MHz and the -10 dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 6 MHz (399~406 MHz). The proposed PIFA in tissue has a peak gain of -20.19 dBi and a radiation efficiency of 1.12 % at 403 MHz. When the proposed antenna is placed in a flat phantom, its specific absorption ratio (SAR) value is 0.038 W/kg (1 g tissue). Performances of the proposed PIFA is sufficient to operate at the MICS band (402 ~ 405 MHz).

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.213-218
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• 2015

A novel body-worn spiral monopole antenna is presented. The antenna consists of a ground plane and a spiral monopole. The antenna was designed for Ear-to-Ear (E2E) communication between In-the-Ear (ITE) hearing instruments at 2.45 GHz and has been simulated, prototyped, and measured. The antenna yielded a measured and simulated E2E path gain at 2.45 GHz of -82.1 dB and -85.9 dB, respectively. The radiation pattern of the antenna when mounted in the ear is presented and discussed.