• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.541-548
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• 2003

Species identification in hydroacoustic survey is one of the key requirements to estimate biomass of organism and to understand the structure of zooplankton community. Feasibility of species identification using two frequencies (38 and 120 kHz) was investigated on the basis of mean volume backscattering strength difference (MVBS). Virtual echogram technique was applied to two frequencies data sets that obtained from surveys in the Antarctic Ocean and Yellow Sea. Virtual echogram method using MVBS revealed the possibility of species identification, which species identification relying on visual scrutiny of single frequency acoustic data resulted in significant errors in biomass estimation. Through noise cancellation using MVBS, much of the acoustic noise caused by acoustic instruments could be removed in new virtual echogram, and the biomass estimation and data quality was improved.

• 환경생물
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.251-256
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• 2003

내설악의 5개 전나무 고목림에서 고사목의 형태, 수종, 축적 등에 관한 다양한 기본자료를 수집하였다. 비록 전나무 고목림에 한정된 조사였으나 국외에서 일반적으로 알려진 고사목에 관한 각종 자료수집이 가능하였다. 고사목의 수종은 전나무 외에도 기타 활엽수종이 약간 나타났으며, 고사목의 형태는 일반적으로 알려진 모든 형태가 두루 나타났다. 고사목의 축적은 평균 60.42 $\textrm{m}^2 \; ha^{-1}$로 나타났으며, CWD와 고사목의 분포는 서로 관련이 없어 보인다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.72.1-72.1
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• 2016

Current and planned large-volume surveys such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (SDSS IV-eBOSS) or the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) will use Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs) and Emission Line Galaxies (ELGs) to map the cosmic web up to z~1.7, and will allow one to accurately constrain cosmological models and obtain crucial information on the nature of dark energy and the expansion history of the Universe in novel epochs - particularly by measuring the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) feature with improved accuracy. To this end, we present here a study of the spatial distribution and clustering of a sample of LRGs and ELGs obtained from a sub-volume of the MultiDark simulation complemented by different semi-analytic prescriptions, and investigate how these two different populations trace the cosmic web at different redshift intervals - along with their synergy. This is the first step towards the interpretation of upcoming ELG and LRG data.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.101-115
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the growth status and future prospects of the shipping industry over the past decade through a review of the statistical database and related literature. We classify the shipping industry and survey a number of companies, number of employees, sales trends and shipping logistics market outlook, port cargo volume, and container throughput trends with regard to the sea cargo shipping business, freezing cold warehousing business, harbor cargo unloading business, and international freight forwarding business. We will also look at the overall trends, scale, cargo volume, and harbor automation status of the global shipping market.

• ALGAE
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.149-151
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• 2004

Freshwater algae make up a very important portion of the autotrophic component of the aquatic food web. Therefore, the study of freshwater algal structure and biomass is central to aquatic ecosystem studies. Due to variations in cell shape and size for each species (or taxon) and survey site, cell abundance (or cell numbers per chosen volume) often leads to misrepresentation of the true importance of some species because of the great differences in size of various algae. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the freshwater algal species of a site in order to calculate the cell volume. Although direct cell counting, species volume measurement, as well as biomass calculation are time-consuming and requiring specialists in taxonomy.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제80권2호
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• pp.187-192
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• 1991

임분재적(林分材積) 추정법(推定法)을 연구(硏究)하기 위하여 경기(京畿), 강원(江原), 충남북(忠南北), 전북(全北), 경북지방(慶北地方)의 낙엽송조사지(落葉松調査地) 380개소(個所)를 재래(在來)의 매목조사법(每木調査法)인 표준지법(標準地法)으로 조사(調査)하고, 그중 20개소(個所)에서 덴드로메타, 스피겔 릴라스코프, 텔레리라스코프를 이용(利用)하여 Plotless Sampling의 일종(一種)인 Strand법(法)으로 조사(調査)하여 분석(分析)한 결과(結果) 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. 표준지법(標準地法)과 Strand법(法)에 의한 임분재적(林分材積) 추정결과(推定結果) 유의성(有意性)이 없었으며, 양방법(兩方法)은 Y=bx($b{\fallingdotseq}1$)의 관계(關係)가 있었다. 2. 기계(機械)와 측정자(測定者), 밀도(密度)와 기계(機械), 경사(傾斜)와 기계간(機械間)에도 유의성(有意性)이 없었다. 3. 임분재적(林分材積)에 깊은 관계(關係)가 있는 제일(第一) 큰 인자(因子)는 단면적(斷面績) 수고(樹高)이고, 다음으로 임분(林分) 형상고(形狀高), 평균수고(平均樹高), ha당(當) 단면적(斷面積)의 순(順)이었다. 4. 단면적(斷面積) 수고(樹高)에 의한 임분재적식(林分材積式)은 log V=-0.0375+0.8910 log GH -1.5946 1/GH 이었으며, 이 식(式)에 의하여 임분재적표(林分材積表)를 조제(調製)하였다. 5. 실측재적(實測材積)과 추정재적(推定材積) 관계(關係)도 Y=bx($b{\fallingdotseq}1$)의 관계(關係)가 있었고 추정오차율(推定誤差率)은 4.5%였다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 인위적인 어장 조성을 위해 해저에 시설된 사각형어초의 현존 상태 및 수량을 평가하고자 Multi-Beam Echo Sounder(MBES)와 Side Scan Sonar(SSS) 등의 조사에서 생산된 자료를 사용하여 단위어초의 부피, 산적 어초의 체적 및 공극률을 계산하고 이를 잠수조사 결과와 비교함으로써 단위어초(사각형 어초)의 현존 시설량 산정공식의 효율성을 검토하였다. 부산연안에 시설되어 있던 총 9곳의 사각형어초로 조성된 단위어초의 평균 유효공용적율 k값은 0.753이었으며 k값과 시설경과년수(year,Yr)와의 상관식은 k=0.0023Yr+0.725로 추정되었으나 그 상관성은 매우 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 인공어초 설치후 시간이 경과할 수 록 산적되어진 어초의 침하 또는 간극의 축소로 인해 다짐의 정도가 커지는 효과가 발생함에도 불구하고 어초의 시설 경과 연도와 k값과의 상관성은 낮았으며 이에 반해 해역의 저질 조건 및 초기 시설 당시의 설치조건에 따라서 k값이 달라 질수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.58-68
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• 1995

The Purpose of this study is to survey nutrition education for day-care teachers and children. For this study, 453 day-care teachers were asked questionnaire and responses were analyzed. Textbooks of the teachers were also analyzed and nutrition survey at four different places of day care were carried out. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The majority of the day-care teachers were interested in the nutrition and nutrition education, but only 23.2% of the teachers had experience of nutrition education. 2. As to the nutrition knowledge(high, middle, and low), 58.1% of the teachers responded to the middle level. 3. About 81% of the text materials for the pre-teachers contain subject of the health and nutrition management for the children, however, the contents of nutrition management were limited to 7 pages(0.6% of the volume). For the text materials of the re-education, only 9.1% contains the subject, and the contents of nutrition management were limited to 3% of the volume. 4. The percentage of employing dietitians in the day-care is 12.4%, and menu is prepared mostly by the director of the day care. 5. In the nutrition survey, nutrient intake was mostly unsatisfied.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.253-263
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• 2021

Traffic data collected using advanced equipment are highly valuable for traffic planning and efficient road operation. However, there is a problem regarding the reliability of the analysis results due to equipment defects, errors in the data aggregation process, and missing data. Unlike other detectors installed for each vehicle lane, radar detectors can yield different error types because they detect all traffic volume in multilane two-way roads via a single installation external to the roadway. For the traffic data of a radar detector to be representative of reliable data, the error factors of the radar detector must be analyzed. This study presents a field survey of variables that may cause errors in traffic volume collection by targeting the points where radar detectors are installed. Video traffic data are used to determine the errors in traffic measured by a radar detector. This study establishes three types of radar detector traffic errors, i.e., artificial, mechanical, and complex errors. Among these types, it is difficult to determine the cause of the errors due to several complex factors. To solve this problem, this study developed a radar detector traffic volume error analysis model using a multiple linear regression model. The results indicate that the characteristics of the detector, road facilities, geometry, and other traffic environment factors affect errors in traffic volume detection.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.247-257
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of interior color and product volume of clothing shop on consumer's store image and preference for a clothing shop. The research methodology was a survey questionnaire and the subjects were 516 university students in Daejeon, Korea. The measuring instruments were stimuli and self-administrated questionnaire. The stimuli were 7 pictures of clothing shop including interior color and product volume variables, and the self-administrated questionnaire consisted of semantic differential scales for store image, store preference, and subject's demographic attribution. The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, MANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, based on SPSS program The results were as follows: first, in clothing shop's interior colors affecting store image and preference for clothing shop, white color gave a casual, sophisticated, characteristic, and attractive image to the shops, and brown color gave an elegant, sophisticated image, while black color gave a sophisticated, uncomfortable image, and gray color gave a less positive image to them than other colors. Subjects preferred white, brown, and black color in the order. Second, clothing shop's products volume also affected consumers' store image and preference. Its small volume gave a more sophisticated, elegant image than other volume levels, and subjects preferred small and medium volume of clothing products to their large volume. Third, the effects of shop's interior color and clothes' product volume on store image were different depending on subject's sex. The results revealed that clothing shop's interior color and product volume are important VMD components affecting consumer's store image and preference, and consumer's sex has to be considered to understand the effects of VMD components on clothing shop image.