• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.30-37
• /
• 2010

Dutch artist, Theo van Doesburg had shown short but strong experimental aesthetics in his works through De Stijl movement. He played a leading role for editing De Stijl magazine and performed various formative works such as painting, sculpture, and architecture. In 1923 he opened the first De Stijl exhibition cooperated with Cornelis van Eesteren. In this architecture exhibition he showed rich formal spirits of counter-construction in his major design works, that is Maison Particuliere and Maison D'artiste among three houses projects. Formal characteristics of counter-construction can be summed up under two categories, time and space. Analytical results are as follows; First, the characteristics of counter-construction related to time category include two types of two mode. One is linear aspect of time based on the viewer's movement. The other aspect is simultaneity caused by synoptical effect. These could be proved by the analysis of arrangement of color planes. Secondly, the spatial aspects of counter-construction are produced through two different ways of formal strategies. Van Doesburg arranged cubes in very irregular pattern. This treatment induces ambiguous void and creates feeling of subject's space. And, through deleting, shifting, and extending he could make dynamic spatial effect by interpenetration between in and out. This fluid space thus introduces movements of one's gaze and circulation. He denied traditional classical values which had ruled the western aesthetical discipline for centuries and believed that mankind can reach the realm of universal equilibrium by contrast and tension created by counter-construction. In this vein Theo van Doesburg was an avant-garde artist of Hegelian thoughts who adopted the dialectical method without following the formal characteristics from ancestors.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.76-83
• /
• 2013

This study investigated the effect of bonding temperature and holding time on microstructures and mechanical properties of diffusion bonded joint of Haynes230. The diffusion bonds were performed at the temperature of 950, 1050, and $1150^{\circ}C$ for holding times of 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes at a pressure of 4MPa under high vacuum condition. The amount of non-bonded area and void observed in the bonded interface decreased with increasing bonding temperature and holding time. Cr-rich precipitates at the linear interface region restrained grain migration at $950^{\circ}C$ and $1050^{\circ}C$. However, the grain migration was observed in spite of short holding time due to the dissolution of precipitates to base metal in the interface region at $1150^{\circ}C$. Three types of the fracture surface were observed after tensile test. The region where the coalesce and migration of grain occurred much showed high fracture load because of base metal fracture whereas the region where those did less due to the precipitates demonstrated low fracture load because of interface fracture. The expected fracture load could be derived with the value of fracture area of base metal ($A_{BF}$) and interface ($A_{IF}$), $Load=201A_{BF}+153A_{IF}$. Based on this equation, strength of base metal and interface fracture were calculated as 201MPa and 153MPa, respectively.

• 대한금속재료학회지
• /
• 제48권7호
• /
• pp.667-673
• /
• 2010

Copper filling into TSV (through-silicon-via) and reduction of the filling time for the three dimensional chip stacking were investigated in this study. A Si wafer with straight vias - $30\;{\mu}m$ in diameter and $60\;{\mu}m$ in depth with $200\;{\mu}m$ pitch - where the vias were drilled by DRIE (Deep Reactive Ion Etching) process, was prepared as a substrate. $SiO_2$, Ti and Au layers were coated as functional layers on the via wall. In order to reduce the time required complete the Cu filling into the TSV, the PPR (periodic pulse reverse) wave current was applied to the cathode of a Si chip during electroplating, and the PR (pulse-reverse) wave current was also applied for a comparison. The experimental results showed 100% filling rate into the TSV in one hour was achieved by the PPR electroplating process. At the interface between the Cu filling and Ti/ Au functional layers, no defect, such as a void, was found. Meanwhile, the electroplating by the PR current showed maximum 43% filling ratio into the TSV in an hour. The applied PPR wave form was confirmed to be effective to fill the TSV in a short time.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.105-114
• /
• 2019

In this paper, simulation tests were conducted with similar materials to study the distribution of residual voids in longwall goaf. Short-time step loading was used to simulate the obvious deformation period in the later stage of arch breeding. Long-time constant loading was used to simulate the rheological stage of the arch forming. The results show that the irregular caving zone is the key area of old goaf for the subsidence control. The evolution process of the stress arch and fracture arch in stope can be divided into two stages: arch breeding stage and arch forming stage. In the arch breeding stage, broken rocks are initially caved and accumulated in the goaf, followed by the step deformation. Arch forming stage is the rheological deformation period of broken rocks. In addition, under the certain loads, the broken rock mass undergoes single sliding deformation and composite crushing deformation. The void of broken rock mass decreases gradually in short-time step loading stage. Under the water lubrication, a secondary sliding deformation occurs, leading to the acceleration of the broken rock mass deformation. Based on above research, the concept of equivalent height of residual voids was proposed, and whose calculation equations were developed. Finally, the conceptual model was verified by the field measurement data.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.813-821
• /
• 2002

Glass fiber reinforced PET matrix composite was manufactured by rapid press consolidation technique as functions of temperature, pressure and time in pre-heating, consolidation and solidification stages. The optimal manufacturing conditions for this composite were discussed based on the void content, tensile, interlaminar shear and impact properties. In addition, the levels of crystallinity with various manufacturing conditions were measured using differential scanning calorimetry to investigate the mechanical properties of this composite material as a function of crystallinity. Among many processing parameters, the mold temperature and the cooling rate after forming were found to be the most critical factors in determining the level of crystallinity and mechanical properties. The level of crystallinity affects the tensile properties to some degree. However, impact properties are affected much more. It also affects the degree of ductility, which determines the impact energy of this material.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국음향학회 1999년도 학술발표대회 논문집 제18권 2호
• /
• pp.401-406
• /
• 1999

In relation to a non-destructive evaluation of irradiation damages of micro-structure interstitial, void and dislocation, the changes in the hysteresis loop, Barkhausen noise amplitude and the harmonics frequency due to a neutron irradiation were measured and evaluated. The Mn-Mo-Ni low alloy steel of RPV was irradiated to a neutron fluence of $2.3\times10^{19}\;n/cm^2\;(E\geq1\;MeV)\;at\;288^{\circ}C$. The saturation magnetization of neutron irradiated metal did not change. The neutron irradiation caused the coercivity to increase, whereas susceptibility to decrease. The amplitude of Barkhausen noise parameters associated with the domain wall motion were decreased by a neutron irradiation. The spectrum of Barkhausen noise is analysed with an applied frequency of 4 Hz and 8 Hz, sampling time of $50\;{\mu}sec\;and\;20\;{\mu}sec$. The harmonic frequency shows 4 Hz, 8 Hz, 12 Hz; and 16 Hz reflected from an unirradiated specimen. On the contrary, the harmonic frequency disappeared on the irradiated specimen.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.81-86
• /
• 2003

상부 칩과 하부 기판이 모두 Si으로 구성되어 있는 플립칩 패키지 시편을 제조하여 Sn-3.5Ag 솔더범프의 electromigration 거동을 분석하였다. Sn-3.5Ag 솔더범프의 electromigration 테스트 초기부터 파단이 일어나기 직전까지는 플립칩 시편의 저항이 거의 변하지 않았으나, 파단이 발생하는 순간 저항값이 크게 증가하였다. 전류밀도 $3\times 10^4$∼$4\times 10^4$A/$\textrm{cm}^2$에서 Sn-3.5Ag 솔더범프의 electromigration에 대한 활성화 에너지는 ∼0.7 eV로 분석되었다. Sn-3.5Ag 솔더범프의 cathode 부위의 솔더/UBM 계면에서 void의 형성 및 전파에 의해 솔더범프의 파단이 발생하였다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.136-145
• /
• 2017

Objectives : Previous research on texts specializing in acupuncture and moxibustion in Korea have mostly been focused on those written in the Joseon period, leaving an academic void in the modern and contemporary eras. This research on the "Yeongsochimgugyeong" was undertaken to help readers' understanding of the text and to provide basic material for further research on modern-contemporary education of acupuncture and moxibustion. Methods : The original text of "Yeongsochimgugyeong" was examined along with books and news articles on related people. Information that was difficult to obtain through written documents was supplemented by interviews with people who knew about the situation at the time. The findings were organized as 1) the author and related people and 2) introduction of "Yeongsochimgugyeong". Results and Conclusions : The original text of "Yeongsochimgugyeong" was written by teacher Jeon, Gwangok, interpreted and annotated by his disciple Gwon, Yeongjun. It is presumed that they wrote this book as educators of Korean medicine for educational purposes on acupuncture and moxibustion before and after the Japanese colonial era. The book is consisted of an overview of meridianology, details on points and meridians, supplementing and draining methods, similar to the current text book. The contents and expressions of "Yeongsochimgugyeong" reflect the state of acupuncture and moxibustion education of the early and mid $20^{th}$ century, making it a valuable resource.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.685-692
• /
• 2000

Vertical drain used improvement soft clay is made of not only decreasing construction time but also increasing the ground strength during some decades. As, it is applied to improvement soft clay with vertical drain, it is designed by the result that is caused by oedemeter test ignored anisotropic of the ground related to consolidation conditions. When we are expected consolidation conditions, the most important factors is soil of compaction and water permeability. Above all, anisotropic of the ground permeability show the results which differ between vertical and radial drainage. Recently, We study for radial consolidation coefficient and permeability coefficient that utilized Rowe Cell Consolidation and permeability tester but, it dont use well because of not only a supply lack also difficulty of test. The paper experimented with searching anisotropic of the ground so there are Rowe Cell test, standard consolidation tester and modified standard consolidation test that have pohang's soft clay ground. Therefore, we find anisotropic of the ground and a tester of easy use more than before. We made a comparison test result between the devised tester and Rowe Cell tester, Also, we learned average degree of consolidation for partial penetrating vertical drains. We were found relations as effective stress-void and effective stress-permeability coefficient through those tests.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.52-60
• /
• 2004

This paper presents a physically based technique for simulating complex multiphase fluids. This work is motivated by the "stable fluids" method developed by Stam to handle gaseous fluids. We extend this technique to water, which calls for the development of methods for modeling multiphase fluids and suppressing dissipation. We construct a multiphase fluid formulation by combining the Navier-Stokes equations with the level set method. By adopting constrained interpolation profile (CIP)-based advection, we reduce the numerical dissipation and diffusion significantly. We further reduce the dissipation by converting potentially dissipative cells into droplets or bubbles that undergo Lagrangian motion. Due to the multiphase formulation, the proposed method properly simulates the interaction of water with surrounding air, instead of simulating water in a void space. Moreover. the introduction of the non-dissipative technique means that, in contrast 10 previous methods, the simulated water does not unnecessarily lose mass and its motion is not damped to an unphysical extent. Experiments showed that the proposed method is stable and runs fast. It is demonstrated that two-dimensional simulation runs in real-time.