• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제15C권5호
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• pp.367-374
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• 2008

CDMA 이동단말기와 PSTN 단말기간의 음성 암호를 실현하기 위해서는 EVRC 음성 프레임이 두 이종망간에 신호 변환 없이 전송되어야 한다. 기존에 이미 설치되어 있는 상용망의 수정 없이 이러한 요구 조건을 만족하기 위해, 본 논문에서는 음성 프레임을 CDMA 회선 데이터 채널을 통해 실시간으로 전송하는 기법을 제안한다. CDMA 회선 데이터 채널을 통해 음성을 전송하는 과정에서 발생하는 전송 지연의 원인을 분석하였고 이러한 음성 전송 지연을 극복하기 위해 TCP control flags 제어기법과 보코더 출력 속도에 따른 가변 음성 블록 구성 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법을 적용하여 실험한 결과 전송 지연이 평균 2초에서 570ms로 약 70%정도 개선됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.49-62
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• 2002

This study was intended to examine the pattern and level of experience of voice problems and risk factors in school teacher, to offer basic data to prevent voice problems. The subjects were 180 school teachers from primary, middle, and high school teachers in C City, Chonbuk. Data were collected by questionnaires survey from April 30, 2001 to May 10, 2001. 56.6% of the subjects experienced voice problems such as "H-notes difficult"($2.68{\pm}.86$), followed by "Tired voice"($2.32{\pm}.93$), "Effortful voice"($2.27{\pm}.90$), and "Drying of throat"($2.21{\pm}.91$). According to general characteristics, smoking subjects showed higher voice problem than no smoking subjects and this difference was statistically significant(t=2.76, p=.007). According to voice related characteristics, "Speaking loudly" subjects showed higher voice problem than those no "Speaking loudly"(t=-2.02, p=.045). "Speaking effortful" subjects measured higher voice problem than those of "Speaking effortful" and this difference was statistically significant(t=-3.34, p=.001). The inspection of the relation of cause affecting school teachers showed that it had an interacting effect of voice habit, smoking, experienced voice problem, treatment(due to voice problem) experience, by staged it accounted for 55.3% of the total voice problem. The total voice problem indicated a positive correlation(p=.000). Conclusion: over half of the school teachers have experienced voice problems, higher perceived related of voice symptom and physical symptom factors. Also, because there are significant differences in voice problem according to smoking, voice habits of "Speaking loudly", "Speaking effortful", experienced voice problem, treatment(due to voice problem) experience.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.212-220
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• 2024

A recently the advancement of society, AI technology has made significant strides, especially in the fields of computer vision and voice recognition. This study introduces a system that leverages these technologies to recognize users through a camera and relay commands within a vehicle based on voice commands. The system uses the YOLO (You Only Look Once) machine learning algorithm, widely used for object and entity recognition, to identify specific users. For voice command recognition, a machine learning model based on spectrogram voice analysis is employed to identify specific commands. This design aims to enhance security and convenience by preventing unauthorized access to vehicles and IoT devices by anyone other than registered users. We converts camera input data into YOLO system inputs to determine if it is a person, Additionally, it collects voice data through a microphone embedded in the device or computer, converting it into time-domain spectrogram data to be used as input for the voice recognition machine learning system. The input camera image data and voice data undergo inference tasks through pre-trained models, enabling the recognition of simple commands within a limited space based on the inference results. This study demonstrates the feasibility of constructing a device management system within a confined space that enhances security and user convenience through a simple real-time system model. Finally our work aims to provide practical solutions in various application fields, such as smart homes and autonomous vehicles.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1999년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.125-128
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• 1999

In this paper, we propose a QoS-sensitive admission threshold method for the transmission of the non-real tine data packet such that the quality of services for both voice and data traffics are maintained to a required level. By detecting the active voice traffic during the current time slot, the non-real-time data packets are transmitted up to an admission threshold level during the next time slot. We found out that the optimum admission threshold is four voice traffic resources lower from the maximum allowable threshold to maintain the outage probability within 1% when the connected voice users are 15.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권9A호
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• pp.737-748
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 직접 대역확산 부호분할 시스템에서 음성 및 흐름형 데이터의 통합 서비스를 위한 두 가지 유연한 호 수락제어 방식을 제안한다. 호 수락제어에 대한 기존 연구는 대부분 종래의 음성 서비스와 짧고 버스티한 특성의 패킷 형 서비스와의 통합 서비스에 관점을 두었다. 하지만 상대적으로 긴 서비스 유지 시간을 갖는 흐름형 서비스는 차세대 이동통신 시스템에서 데이터 트래픽의 상당한 부분을 차지할 것으로 예상된다. 제안된첫 번째 방식. 방식 I은 음성과 흐름형 데이터 서비스를 수용하기 위하여 주어진 대역을 모두 사용하는 기본 방식이며 데이터 서비스에 대하여 음성 서비스가 우선권을 갖는다. 두 번째 방식, 방식 II는 흐름형 데이터 서비스에 대하여 음성에 우선권을 주면서 대역을 효율적으로 사용하기 위해서 다른 방식을 취한다. 음성 서비스의 접근 요구와 간섭의 상태에 따라서 흐름형 데이터 서비스의 사용 전력을 억제하여 추가적인 간섭 마진을 음성 서비스에 제공한다. 이 두 방식의 성능은 마코비안 모델을 통하여 분석하였고 그 수치적인 결과는 음성 용량은 데이터 서비스의 서비스 유지 시간에 매우 민감한 반면 데이터 용량은 둔감하였다. 음성 및 흐름형 데이터 서비스의 통합 환경에서 두 번째 제안 방식이 첫 번째 방식보다 시스템 용량 상에 상당한 개선 효과를 갖는 것으로 나타난다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2012

Recent research has identified that self-reported voice problems are a risk indicator for voice disorders. However, previous studies concerning the general population did not take into account the influence of gender on self-reported voice problems. The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to determine the gender differences in risk factors of self-reported voice problems in the Korean adult population using national survey data. This study utilized data from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2008. Subjects inclued 3,622 people (1,508 male and 2,114 female) aged 19 years and older living in the community. Data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of self-reported voice problems was 5.9% in males, and 8.1% in females Females had higher incidents of self-reported voice problems than males. Adjusting for covariates, in males, age (OR=2.47, 95% CI: 1.07-5.70), pain and discomfort during the last two weeks (OR=3.64, 95% CI: 2.20-6.01) were independently associated with self-reported voice problems (p<0.05). In women, age (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.18-3.26), education (OR=2.09, 95% CI: 1.06-4.12), smoking (OR=2.70, 95% CI: 1.48-4.93), thyroid disorders (OR=2.58, 95% CI: 1.47-4.53), pain and discomfort during the last two weeks (OR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.21-2.54) were independently associated with self-reported voice problem (p<0.05). Self-reported voice problems related risk factors differed according to gender. These findings suggest that there needs to be different program strategies that reflect gender differences in self-reported voice problems.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.141-155
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 기지국과 단말기간의 전파지연이 비교적 짧은 마이크로셀 환경의 패킷 CDMA망에서 음성과 데이타를 통합 서비스하기 위한 MAC 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안한 프로토콜을 위한 시스템의 상향링크 채널은 프레임을 구성하는 타임 슬롯과 각 슬롯별 확산코드에 의하여 제공된다. 지연에 민감한 음성 트래픽에 더 높은 우선순위를 부여하여, 음성 트래픽인 경우에는 발음구간 동안 임의의 확산코드를 예약하여 서비스된다. 반면, 데이타 트래픽은 매 패킷이 발생할 때마다 기지국으로부터 수신한 현재 슬롯의 예약상태 정보를 기반으로 서비스된다. 성능분석의 결과, 본 논문에서 제안한 기법은 음성과 데이타 패킷간의 충돌이 전혀 발생하지 않으므로 주어진 패킷 누락률 범위 내에서 수용 가능한 최대 음성 단말기 수를 증가시킬 수 있었다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2015

This research was conducted to investigate the voice related needs of occupational voice users. The data collected from teachers(379), tele-marketers(156), therapists(50) was classified according to its content, by colaizzi's inductive categorical analysis. The voice related needs are classified into 3 big categories, 1) how to use, 2) how to care, 3) how to be healthy. Again the category 'how to use' my voice was into 6 sub-categories: (1) efficiently, (2) as I desired, (3) without pain(discomfort), (4) expressively, (5) phonation (methods) and (6) clear articulation. The result showed that the needs from 3 groups of occupational voice users reflect their own environment which they have to use their voice as well as the voice characteristics wanted from their specific listeners.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2006

It is essential to guarantee a handoff dropping probability below a predetermined threshold for wireless mobile networks. Previous studies have proposed admission control policies for integrated voice/data traffic in wireless mobile networks. However, since QoS has been considered only in terms of CDP (Call Dropping Probability), the result has been a serious CBP (Call Blocking Probability) unfairness problem between voice and data traffic. In this paper, we suggest a new admission control policy that treats integrated voice and data traffic fairly while maintaining the CDP constraint. For underprivileged data traffic, which requires more bandwidth units than voice traffic, the packet is placed in a queue when there are no available resources in the base station, instead of being immediately rejected. Furthermore, we have adapted the biased coin method concept to adjust unfairness in terms of CBP. We analyzed the system model of a cell using both a two-dimensional continuous-time Markov chain and the Gauss-Seidel method. Numerical results demonstrate that our CAC (Call Admission Control) scheme successfully achieves CBP fairness for voice and data traffic.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2013

This study attempted to investigate the characteristics of Phonation Threshold Pressure and Phonation Threshold Airflow of Patients who have Functional voice disorder. 50 subjects participated in study (32 subjects were patients who had functional voice disorders and 20 subjects were normal adults). The PAS (Phonatory aerodynamic system, model 6600, KAY electronics, Inc.) was used to measure the data and to do the analysis. Data from the Phonation Threshold Pressure was measured using voicing efficiency of the PAS protocol. Data from the Phonation Threshold Airflow was measured using Maximum Sustained Phonation of the PAS protocol. Those were used because of the ease of phonation. The results of this study showed that the differences in Phonation Threshold Pressure and Phonation Threshold Airflow between patients who had functional voice disorder and normal adults could be significant index. Patients who had functional voice disorder showed more higher figures than normal adults. These results suggest that Phonation Threshold Pressure and Phonation Threshold Airflow are very useful in diagnosing the voice disorder. The measured data also provided useful information for diagnosing patients with vocal fold diseases.