• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.140-148
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• 2014

Purpose: Lowe syndrome is a rare, X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutations in the OCRL gene. It involves multiple anatomic systems, particularly the eyes, central nervous system, and kidneys, and leads to profound growth failure and global developmental delay. This study evaluated the clinical and genetic characteristics of Korean patients with Lowe syndrome. Methods: The clinical findings and results of genetic studies were reviewed for 12 male patients diagnosed with Lowe syndrome at a single medical institution. Results: The mean age of the patients at presentation was 2.2 months (range, 0-4 months), although the diagnosis was delayed by a mean of 2.8 years (range, 0-9.7 years). The mean follow-up period was 9.0 years (range, 0.6-16.7 years). Nine mutations in OCRL were identified in 11 patients (92%), with three novel mutations. The main presentation was congenital cataract in both eyes necessitating early cataract removal in the 11 patients with impaired visual acuity. Profound short stature and developmental delay were observed in all patients, and seizures occurred in 50% of the patients. All patients suffered from proximal renal tubular dysfunction, and one patient developed chronic renal failure. Other manifestations included pathologic fracture (50%), cutaneous cysts (42%), and cryptorchidism (42%). However, there was no bleeding tendency, and none of the patients died during the study period. Conclusion: This study describes the clinical and genetic characteristics of Korean patients with Lowe syndrome. The observations are helpful for understanding the natural courses of Lowe syndrome and for appropriate genetic counseling.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.153-169
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• 2018

Purpose Since human brains catch images faster than texts or numbers, infographics has been widely used in business in the form of "information dashboard" to enhance the efficiency of decision-making. Groupware, however, has neglected the adoption and use of infographics, in particular, in the idea generation process. Given that an overall performance of groupware-based idea generation is no better than that of the (paper-and-pencil-based) Nominal Group Technique, Jung et al. (2010) adopted the notion of infographics in the form of performance feedback to solve the productivity paradox. With the consistent results, which demonstrate beneficial effects of infographics on performance enhancement, an interesting observation that groups with the bar chart treatment performed better than groups with the dot chart treatment was made. The main purpose of this study was to find if there were a performance consistency between the outcomes from the previous study and the outcomes from the current study. Design/methodology/approach In experiment 1, we employed the same system used in the previous study (i.e., Jung et al., 2010). As individuals' contributions accumulated, the mechanism visually displayed individuals' performances two-dimensionally in the form of a bar chart or a dot chart. Then, we compared the performance outcomes from this study to the outcomes from previous study (i.e., Jung et al., 2010). In experiment 2, we modified the performance graph to test the effect of "playfulness" on performance by converting dots to car images. Then, we compared the performance outcome from experiment 2 to the outcomes from experiment 1. Findings Just like our interesting (and unexpected) finding in Jung et al.'s study (2010), the outcome confirmed a consistent superior performance of a bar chart. This implies that a bar chart is a better choice when stimulating performance with a visual aid in the context of groupware-based idea generation. Although a bar chart was criticized in a way that errors of length-area judgments are 40 ~ 250% greater than those of positional judgments along a common scale, such illusion turned out to be facilitating upward performance comparison better. Regarding Experiment 2, the outcome showed that the revised-dot graph is as good as the bar graph in terms of quantity and quality score of ideas. We attribute the performance enhancement of the resized-dot to the interaction between the motivational characteristic and the situational characteristic of playfulness because individuals in the revised-dot graph treatment performed better than individuals in the dot graph treatment. Given the order of performance (Bar >= Revised Dot > Dot) that the revised-dot treatment performed the same as (or lower than) the bar treatment, an additional research is warranted to reach to a consistent outcome.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.674-683
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• 2010

For the purpose of color reproduction under standard viewing conditions, recently, color display devices have developed for the colorimetric color reproduction. However the real viewing condition of color display devices is quite different from that. Therefore, it is very important for reproduced colors viewed under real conditions to match the color appearance under standard situations. There are various models that can be used to reproduce corresponding colors considering the chromatic adaptation of the human visual system. However neutral point or chromatic adaptation for the luminance level is not enough. In this paper, we propose a model that find adapting white points for the variations of the luminance levels under the same illuminant. This model is modeled by the proportion of Euclidian distance for luminance level. It is the adapting white function of the sigmoid type for surround luminance level. In the model, the optimal coefficients are obtained from the Hunt's experimental result. It is applied in the chromatic adaptation model using the neutral point of the various viewing conditions. And the neutral point can be used as the theoretical standard which determines the reference white of the color display devices.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.61-68
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to examine the possibility of utilizing the immersion stereoscopic image with a curved-screen-display as a tool for evaluating the landscape. The curved-screen-display ensures the continuity of the image and can be simultaneously evaluated by many people. Fifty-meter-wide Gangnamdaero Boulevard in Seoul was selected for this study, and the simulation was done using computer graphics. With the computer simulation, a questionnaire on landscape preferences was conducted according to different visual environments (immersion, non-immersion) and different projection types(stereoscopic or plane image). In the results of this study, the landscape preference was largely dependent on the immersion environment. Using the immersion-type simulation, the observer can easily evaluate the preference with higher judgment power. The stereoscope or plane projection type does not have any significant result in terms of its judgment power. This result implies that it is very important to strengthen the sense of immersion by expanding the screen into an angled view in which the observer can become immersed while making and projecting the simulation to evaluate the landscape. As a landscape evaluation tool for examining the efficiency and usefulness of immersion simulation, this study has limitations in that it controls many factors in street landscape that adversely affect judgment. Accordingly, a detailed comparison and verification of the stereoscopic image in various environments, including street width and building height ratio, must be conducted.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.14B no.4
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• pp.249-254
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• 2007

A mobile robot with various types of sensors and wireless camera is introduced. We show this mobile robot can detect objects well by combining the results of active sensors and image processing algorithm. First, to detect objects, active sensors such as infrared rays sensors and supersonic waves sensors are employed together and calculates the distance in real time between the object and the robot using sensor's output. The difference between the measured value and calculated value is less than 5%. We focus on how to detect a object region well using image processing algorithm because it gives robots the ability of working for human. This paper suggests effective visual detecting system for moving objects with specified color and motion information. The proposed method includes the object extraction and definition process which uses color transformation and AWUPC computation to decide the existence of moving object. Shape information and signature algorithm are used to segment the objects from background regardless of shape changes. We add weighing values to each results from sensors and the camera. Final results are combined to only one value which represents the probability of an object in the limited distance. Sensor fusion technique improves the detection rate at least 7% higher than the technique using individual sensor.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.234-246
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• 2015

When the Information age led by media comes, The literature yielded its prominence to visual media, and the Korean literature also faced a crisis, prompted by decreased demand for it. In this reality, literature festivals which have increased rapidly since 1995 and currently number at least 110, when the local government system was launched, played an important role in promoting literature to the society. This thesis has selected Manhae Festival, one of the most vibrant and successful, as the case study to analyze its present status and accomplishments to derive ways for improvement which can be used to promote policies on literature. Manhae Festival which celebrates Manhae Han Yongun, a poet and an independence activist, also became one of the top literature festivals through Manhae Grand Awards and various cultural, art and academic events, despite being held in Inje County, Gangwon Province, a remote location. Based on this study, in the near future, Manhae Village, as a complex cultural venue, as a If we can make the place into complex cultural space and with additional policy support by gaining political supports like designation as Slowcity and special zone of culture and tourism, and pursuing glocalization by making Manhae into a star brand, Manhae Festival will cement its current position as a successful literary festival. It has very meaningful since most of literature festivals operate in small scale. Now, we need to develop literature festivals into local ones by attracting larger popularity. Meanwhile, a more comprehensive study, in the future, is needed with special emphasis on successful literary policies and their precedents in other countries.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 1983

The present study was carried out to determine the effect of a radionuclide, cesium-137, in soybean, which is an element released usually from nuclear facilities. Soybean plants were grown on the pots treated with cesium-137 $0.5{\sim}60{\mu}Ci/1kg$ soil and the uptake, translocation and accumulation of the radiocesium in the plant parts were measured at different growth stage. The results are summarized as follows: 1) Visual toxic symptoms on the plants due to treatment of radioactive cesium were not observed up to $60{\mu}Ci/10Kg$ soil in a pot. 2) The uptake of cesium-137 in soybean plant was increased with increment of concentration applied, while the uptake of potassium was proportionally decreased, indicating to have an ion antagonistic relationship between them. 3) The absolute amounts of cesium-137 in the plants were gradually increased by the pod setting stage, but rather reduced at harvesting stage. The accumulation occurred more in the leaves and stems than the soybean seeds. 4) The rate of uptake was ranged from 0.069 to 0.005 with proportional decrease by increasing concentration applied and the rate of Cs-137 translocation from plants to seeds was averaged 38.6% in soybean plant. The concentration coefficient was 0.04 in the soybean seeds from the pots treated with $20{\mu}Ci$ of cesium-137 and decreased with increment of cesium-137 applied.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.48
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• pp.117-139
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• 2017

The possibility of interactivity of digital media environment is adopted in human expression system and integrates the dynamic aspect of digital technology with expressive structure, thereby transforming the paradigm of image acceptance as well as image expression range. Virtual reality images have an important meaning in that they are changing the one-way mechanism of production and acceptance of images that lead to producers-video-audiences beyond the problem of verisimilitude such as how vividly they simulate reality. First of all, the virtual reality image is not one-sided but interactive image composed by the user. Viewing a virtual reality image does not just see the camera shine, but it gets the same view as in the real world. Therefore, the image that was controlled through framing changes to be configured positively by the user. This implies a change in the paradigm of image acceptance as well as a change in the existing form of the image itself. In addition, the narrative structure of the image and the subjects that are formed in the process are also required to be discussed. In the virtual reality image, the user 's gaze is a fusion of the gaze inside the image and the gaze outside the image. This is because the position of the user as the subject of the gaze in the virtual reality image is continuously restricted by the device of the discourse such as the editing and the narration of the shot. The significance of the virtual reality image is not aesthetically perfect but it is reconstructed according to the user to reflect the existence of the user positively and engage the user in the image.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of the S.E.R.I. (simple, effective, rapid, inexpensive) operation for the bunionette deformity. Materials and Methods: Between March 2005 and February 2009, 22 patients (26 feet) who had been treated for the bunionette deformity with minimally invasive osteotomy were reviewed retrospectively. Clinically, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, shoes selectivity, disappearance of callus and patient's satisfaction level by Coughlin scoring system were evaluated. Radiologically, the bunionette was classified as four types according to the Fallat classification. The 4-5$^{th}$ intermetatarsal angle (4-5$^{th}$ IMA), the 5$^{th}$ metatarsophalangeal angle (5$^{th}$ MPA) and the length of 5th metatarsal bone (5$^{th}$ MTL) were analyzed at preoperatively and at final follow up visit. Results: VAS improved from $6.8{\pm}1.8$ points to $2.2{\pm}1.8$ points (p<0.05). AOFAS score improved from $54.0{\pm}14.2$ points to $90.0{\pm}4.8$ points (p<0.05). There was no change in shoes selectivity. 9 feet (34.6%) were satisfied with excellent results, 16 feet (61.5%) with good results and 1 foot (3.9%) with fair results. The average 4-5$^{th}$ IMA was corrected from $10.1{\pm}2.3^{\circ}$ to $4.4{\pm}1.7^{\circ}$ (p<0.05). The average 5$^{th}$ MPA was corrected from $11.5{\pm}8.6^{\circ}$ to $-0.1{\pm}4.1^{\circ}$ (p<0.05). The average 5$^{th}$ MTL was changed from $66.1{\pm}4.3$ millimeters to $64.1{\pm}4.4$ millimeters (p=0.069). There was no malunion, nonunion or delayed union and other perioperative complications. Conclusion: S.E.R.I. operation is less invasive and easy technique. This procedure is recommendable for the treatment of the bunionette deformity.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.63-74
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• 2005

The cinema costume designers carry out the creative works in a different way from the commercial fashion designers generating the new trends by season or year for a number of people. Costumes created by the cinema costume designers are for the people acting in the film screens such as heroes, heroines or extras. The cinema costume designers should not miss the overall flow of a cinema. Moreover, the prominent designers have to devise the costumes livening up every scene. Most cinemas with the prudent interests and attention on the costumes are favored by the public and gain the commercial success. In particular, the cinemas emphasize the visual effects such as setting, lighting and computer graphics and require the substantial budgets for preparing the costumes regardless of genres, while all other industrial fields will be the same. Such efforts are to deliver the meaning and aesthetics that the cinemas intend to show through the designs, colors and textures of costumes closed up in each scene. The costumes in cinemas are another linguistic system and have the symbolic form of compound and meaningful communication used by the directors. The costume design is required to produce the costumes that liven up the characteristics of heroes or heroines as well as to fit for the general artistic effects of films. Moreover, it has to express the characters in the films using the costumes suitable for the film genres. Cinema costumes are defined and refined, and the process can be angst-ridden. Each frame of film is a canvas and has its own proscenuium. Every garment worn in a theatrical production is a costume. Before an actor speaks, his wardrobe has already spoken for him. From the most obvious and flamboyant show clothing, to contemporary clothes using subtle design language, costume design plays an integral part in every film production. Costume design is a vital tool for storytelling. Costumes have always had enormous influence on world fashion. Costume designers are passionate storytellers, historians, social commentators, humorists, psychologists, trendsetters and magicians who can conjure glamour and codify icons. Costume designers are project managers who have to juggle ever-decreasing wardrobe budgets and battle the economic realities of film production. Costume designers are artists with pen and paper, form, fabric and the human figure.