• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.39 no.6
• /
• pp.556-563
• /
• 1994

To compare the tolerance of crops to acid rain of simulated acid rains(SAR) of three pH levels (3.0, 4.5, and 6.0) were applied to rice, corn, soybean, adzuki bean, hot pepper, tomato, sesame, barley, wheat, Chinese cabbage, radish, lettuce, and spinach for 30 days from 20 days after emergence at two-day interval with 10mm at a time. No visual damages were observed. Also, no alteration of ultrastructure was observed although some lightly stained lipid granules were observed in the chloroplasts of sesame, soybean, and adzuki bean at the SAR treatment of pH 3.0. As pH of SAR decreased, chlorophyll content increased in adzuki bean, decreased in rice, tomato, and spinach, and similar in the other crops. Photosynthetic activity of adzuki bean increased, while decreased in Chinese cabbage and barley as pH of SAR decreased, and similar in other crops. Concentration and uptake of N were not affected by SAR treatments in all crops except tomato and barley. When a strong SAR of pH 2.0 was applied, rice, corn, sesame, tomato, barley, and wheat were relatively tolerant, while adzuki bean, hot pepper, soybean, Chinese cabbage, lettuce, radish, and spinach were susceptible in terms of visual damages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.91-99
• /
• 2007

The research was carried out to define the morphological and growth characteristics of Poa pratensis L. (Kentucky bluegrass) 'Pureundul' native to Korea. Poa pratensis 'Pureundul' was collected from the belt highway around Mt. Uam located in Naedeok-dong, Cheongju City, Chungcheongbuk-do Province on May 5, 1995. The morphological characteristics of 'Pureundul' were compared with those of 205 individuals of native Poa pratensis collected throughout the nation from June 11, 2000 to June 21, 2003. The findings were as follows : The height of plant was 28.2cm but increased to 40.0cm at the flowering time. The height of first node from the base was 6.8cm and the length and width of leaf were 17.3cm and 2.9mm, respectively. The length of a spike was 7.9cm. Based on these morphological characteristics, 'Pureundul' was defined medium type Kentucky bluegrass. Visual quality(1~9), visual color and visual density were measured. The visual quality, color and density of 'Pureundul' were not superior to those of introduced species but above the average other native species. The damages from the diseases during summer resulted in poorer visual quality of color of 'Pureundul'. But the spread of the diseases was slower in 'Pureundul' than other native species, and accordingly 'Pureundul' didn't suffer from more quality deterioration from July to September during which the diseases broke out. Entering fall, 'Pureundul' showed high quality comparable to that of the introduced species. If 'Pureundul' is put to breeding by implementing pest control in summer and introducing disease tolerant genes, it will be used to make greens of greater quality than now.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.24 no.6 s.177
• /
• pp.1491-1498
• /
• 2000

In recent years, CFRP composite materials have been increasingly used in various fields of engineering because of a high specific strength and stiffness properties. Drilling is one of the most impo rtant cutting processes that are generally carried out on CFRP materials owing to the need for the structural integration. However, delamination are often occurred as one of the drilling damages. Therefore, there are needs studying for the relationships between CFRP drilling and delamination in order to avoid low strength of the structures and inaccuracies of the integration. In this study, AE signals and thrust forces were used for the evaluations of the delamination from a drilling process in [0/900]s CFRP materials. And the drilling damage processes were observed and measured by a real time monitoring technique with a video camera. From the results, we found that the relationships between the delamination from drilling and AE characteristics and drill thrust forces for [0/900]s CFRP composites. Also, we proposed the monitoring method for a visual analysis of drilling damages.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.216-219
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study is to establish experimental canine skin barrier disruption model, the study was designed to observe calcium ion in skin frozen tissue of canine skin and also the modulation of calcium ion distribution of normal skin with disrupted skin such as clipping, acetone, tape stripping damages according to time. To compare the changes of calcium ion gradient after damages, the distribution of calcium ion in the canine epidermis was visualized by blotting to gel containing chemical indicator (Calcium Green-1) with fluorescent microscope and the effects of skin barrier damages were examined according to time. Three mins and 1hr after acetone damage, the gradations of epidermis and hair follicle showed more radiant and disappeared after 48 hrs. On the contrary, 3mins and 1hr after tape stripping damage, the gradations showed more radiant than those of acetone damage, and these gradations were stabilized after 48 hrs. The method we presented here could show the visual image of the calcium ions in frozen tissue without further preparation, and it might be useful to investigate the role of calcium ion in the canine epidermal barrier recovery, however, it might be need further methodological improvement to get accurate quantitative information.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.7 no.2 s.19
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 2003

There exists high hazard when transporting LPG as well as using, storing, and producing. For small scale LPG consumer, retailers deliver LPG to customers via a truck loading many LPG cylinders. Suppose there occurred a accident during LPG cylinder transfer, this could result in serious damages to the life and properties in the near or neighbor of the accident spot. In this regard, we made a quantitative risk analysis to estimate the possible damages and the probability through the identification of accidents causes and the simulation of the possible scenario. In this study, we made the Excel & Visual Basic computer program to perform quantitative LPG accident analysis. The simulation showed the following results. In case of UVCE(Unconfined Vapor Cloud Explosion), the effect within l0m of the accident spot showed very severe structural damages and even the accident can break the window glasses of the area of 150 m apart from accident spot. In case of TNT corresponding probit analysis, after 10 minutes LPG leaking, $75\%$ window glasses of 40 m distance was expected to be broken. And $16\%$ frames of 20m distance, $10\%$ frames of 40m distance was expected to be collapsed.

• 보존과학연구
• /
• s.31
• /
• pp.121-130
• /
• 2010

Wooden structures in Korea are usually damaged by some insects such as termites, wasps, cigarette beetles, powder-post beetles. Especially, the termites inhabiting in Korea are the subterranean termites, Reticulitermes speratus kyushuensis Morimoto, that make colonies in underground, therefore it is difficult to predict and control substantial infestations in advance. Accordingly, to enable inspectors to locate the termite infestations before the extensive damage occurs, the pest management industry has begun using several elaborate tools and making the various effect to inspect areas hard to access through a visual inspection. Recently detector dogs were adopted as one of those tools. Detector dogs are useful for locating subterranean termites because they use their acute olfaction rather than vision. We also have used detector dogs to locate termites and investigated 270 buildings from 31 sites since 2007. According to the results, while 144 buildings (53.4%) were in good condition with no damage by termites, 80 buildings (29.6%) were found out to be damaged by termites through visual inspection and detector dog. So it is expected to control termites according to the conservation status if detector dogs are well trained to discriminate live termites from fecal pellets by termites.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.13 no.9
• /
• pp.4036-4044
• /
• 2012

This study is aimed to investigate the association between web-based visual stress and MBTI personality types. The stressor deriving visual stress is built by 14 vowels out of Korean alphabet as a content and parallel striples as a background on the screen, which is given to each subject during 5min. The dependent variable indicating how much human takes visual stress is the reduction rate of flicker fusion frequency, which is evaluated with visual flicker fusion frequency tester. The independent variables are gender and 8 MBTI personality types(E-I, S-N, T-F, and J-P), and hypotheses are based on human information processing model and previous studies. The results address that the reduction rate is not significantly affected by gender, S-N, and J-P, but E-I and T-F have significant influences on it. The reduction rate in I-type is almost 2 times as much as that in E-type and T-type has the rate 2.2 times more than F-type. This study can be applicable to determine the adequate personnel for jobs requiring less sensibility to visual stressors in areas that human error may lead to critical damages to an overall system.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.617-625
• /
• 2013

Stauntonia hexaphylla and Raphiolepis indica, cold-tolerant broadleaved evergreens ranging through the southern region of South Korea, were assessed on salt tolerance with NaCl treatment using visual damage, chlorophyll florescence image, and malondialdehyde (MDA) analysis. As NaCl concentrations increased, the soil pH decreased and EC increased, and the soil of S. hexaphylla was affected more strongly by the treatment than that of R. indica. In visual damage, S. hexaphylla withered above 200 mM NaCl at 20 days after the treatment. All individuals of R. indica survived during the experiment though the leaves of R. indica showed visual damages up to 400 mM NaCl. The color changes in chlorophyll fluorescence showed a strong correlation with the degree of visual damage. As NaCl increased, the red color of the leaves of S. hexaphylla was distinctly changed to blue and chlorophyll fluorescence decreased starting from the margin to the middle of a leaf. R. indica showed subtle color changes and remained in red color during the experiment. At five days after the NaCl treatment, the MDA of S. hexaphylla was above $4.56nmol{\cdot}g^{-1}$ when plants showed the highest visual damage and EC. The MDA of R. indica in all treatments showed below $1.5nmol{\cdot}g^{-1}$ except 400 mM NaCl treatment during the experiment.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2011.10a
• /
• pp.412-419
• /
• 2011

With an increase in rail traffic, developing activities around structures of railway have been expanded. Inevitably, the changes to cross though sub-structures of railway have been getting increased. However, this situation affects on the safe operation of trains. Generated wheel load makes on the result in settlement on roadbed and damages on track materials. Therefore, via the numerical analysis were carried out for the box structure and subground using FEM analysis program called. Visual FEA/Geo 4.19. Parametric studies were performed by changing soil depth above box structure constructed in railway embankment. A standard live load was applied to simulate loads from train. Through this study, a minimum required soil depth above subground box structure was recommended based on deformation and stresses in concrete railway system.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.102-107
• /
• 2007

The steel impeller placed in a water pump has been studied with the aim to understand corrosion phenomena on the surface responsible for reducing the pumping efficiency of water inside cooling system. This preliminary experiment includes a period (around 1 month) observation with a powered microscope and weight measurements. The experiments are carried out at different conditions of water and mixtures of water and coolants, based on the water contents of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% water (pure tap water). From the visual results of microscopy, most of the steel surface is fitted and clear rusty or corrosion phenomena are noticeable as time goes. In addition, the weight loss of the sample specimen submerged in the water is linearly increased, whereas those in the mixtures of water initially gain weight and become almost constant.