• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.734-744
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify middle school students' mental models on plate tectonics and to compare the mental models of verbal-learning-style students with those of visual-learning-style students. 94 student participants in 9th grade were requested to draw and explain three topics; generation of magma, the formation of the mountain range and the interior of the Earth. The criterions for analyzing the mental models are derived from the data of the drawing task. The research results were as follows: The mental models on the generation of magma were classified as 'unstable model,' 'partial casual model,' 'causal model,' and 'conceptual model.' On the other hand, the mental models on the interior of the Earth were classified as 'static unstable model,' 'dynamic unstable model,' and 'conceptual model.' Students holding 'unstable model' were unable to relate the plate collision and the magma generation. They showed a variety of alternative conceptions of study areas, such as 'magma is generated from the core' and 'the mountain is formed by rising of the plates themselves.' Also, visual-learning-style students showed higher proportion of conceptual models and lower proportion of unstable mental models than verbal-learning-style students on three topics. The findings revealed that the students tend to have different concepts on the plate tectonics depending on their learning style.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.1D
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• pp.81-88
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• 2012

This present research was carried out by dividing two parts; field surveying and data processing, in order to analyze changed patterns of a shoreline. Firstly, the shoreline information measured by the precise GPS positioning during long duration was collected. Secondly, the algorithm for detecting an auto boundary with regards to the changed shoreline with multi-image data was developed. Then, a comparative research was conducted. Haeundae beach which is one of the most famous ones in Korea was selected as a test site. RTK-GPS surveying had been performed overall eight times from September 2005 to September 2009. The filed test by aerial Lidar was conducted twice on December 2006 and March 2009 respectively. As a result estimated from both sensors, there is a slight difference. The average length of shoreline analyzed by RTK-GPS is approximately 1,364.6 m, while one from aerial Lidar is about 1,402.5 m. In this investigation, the specific algorithm for detecting the shoreline detection was developed by Visual C++ MFC (Microsoft Foundation Class). The analysis result estimated by aerial photo and satellite image was 1,391.0 m. The level of reliability was 98.1% for auto boundary detection when it compared with real surveying data.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 1999

Purpose : To evaluate the detection rate of hyperacute intracerebral hemorrhage in echo planar imaging (EPI) and other MR sequences. materials and Methods : Intracerebral hemorrhage was experimentally induced in ten rats. EPI, fast spin-echo (FSE) T2 weighted images, fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), spin-echo (SE) T1 weighted images and gradient echo (GE) T1 weight ed images of rat's brains were obtained 2 hours after onset of intracerebral hemorrhage. EPI and FSE T2 images were additionally obtained 30 min and 1 hour after onset of hemorrhage in 3 and 6 rat, repeatedly, For objective visual assessment, discrimination between the lesion and normal brain parenchyma was evaluated on various MR sequences by three radiologists. For quantitative assessment, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was calculated fro hemorrhage-normal brain parenchyma. Statistical analysis was performed usning the Wilcoxon-Ranks test. Results : EPI, FLAIR, and FSE T2 images showed high signal intensity lesions. The lesion discrimination was easier on EPI than on other sequences, and also EPI showed higher signal intensity for the subjective visual assessment. In quantitative evaluation, CNR of the hemorrhagic lesion versus normal brain parenchyma were higher on EPI and FLAIR images (p<0.01). There was no difference in CNR between EPI and FLAIR (p>0.10). On MR images obtained 30 minutes and 1 hour after the onset of intracerebral hemorrhage, the lesion detection was feasible on both EPI and FSE T2 images showing high signal intensity. Conclusion : EPI showed higher detection rate as compared with other MR sequences and could be useful in early detection and evaluation of intracerebral hemorrhage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.12 s.148
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• pp.1582-1594
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to rediscover the value of form in fashion design by developing a new perspective of design appreciation. By examining and modifying the theories of Wolfflin and Belong, this paper tries to of for a new perspective for analyzing the characteristics of form in fashion designers' works. The three new perspective, Flat & Rounded, Closed & Opened and Part & Whole, can be used to analyze the formative aesthetic character of Vionnet's and Dior's works. Ten of Vionnet's and eleven of Dior's representative works selected and applied Delong's visual priority diagram to analyze their character. Vionnet and Dior, emphasized form and construction in their design and applied geometric shapes in their works. The main differences between Vionnet and Dior is that Vionnet's work transforms from geometric shapes in 2-dimentional space to drapery shapes in 3-dimensional space, Dior's work displays geometric shapes in 3-dimensional space. Vionnet created new formative art through the relationship between the clothes and human body. Vionnet's work has distinctively different qualities depending on whether the space is 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional showing transposition of form. In 2-dimensional space, Vionnet's works consist of triangles, rectangles and circles which are 'flat' and 'closed' in quality. These transform to solid forms by draping bias fabrics, which have a 'rounded' and 'open' quality. Dior tended to show artificial form rather than the natural lines of the body which is very different with Vionnet. Dior created clothes by using solid geometric form such as spheres, prisms, cylinders, pyramids and cubes in 3-dimensional space, which were visualized through constructive technique such as dart manipulation, boning, gathering, tucking, pleating, shirring and layering. Dior's works have their own form which does not relate with body shape. So his Works have a 'rounded' and 'closed' quality.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.38-54
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• 2003

This study looked into the present status of e-mail marketing, which is conducted in local Internet fashion shopping malls and is being used as a one-to-one marketing method in the e-CRM concept so as to establish an effective e-mail marketing policy by grasping problems based on the current status and by presenting solutions to the problems. This study analyzed the e-mail letters received during a certain period of time by 30 professional Internet fashion shopping malls of with famous goods, brands and non-brands. Four individuals subscribed to shopping mall through the procedure for membership applying for e-mail services. The analysis showed that there were no shopping malls that were doing a differentiated e-mail marketing among Internet shopping malls. As for time factor, they were sending e-mail letters irregularly regardless of a certain cycle. And as for visual factor, they didnt have any standard for the content of the mail. As for content factor, the contents of their mail were not differentiated and all the same. The comparison of fashion malls showed that the brand shopping malls were the most active in e-mail marketing. On the basis of the problems, the direction for the effective e-mail marketing of Internet shopping malls are presented as follows: First, individualized contents fitting for customers should be developed, and differentiated mailing services should be provided thereby. Second, each shopping mall should make periodic tests of mailing to find out the optimal time and day to provide e-mail services to the customers at the designated time. Third, e-mail should be differentiated fitting for the website according to a certain on a certain standard for visual effects and the identity of shopping mall should be established. Firth, in the contents of e-mail, the image and message elements should be properly harmonized and creative policies should be made with interactive or recreational elements. Fifth, a homepage policy which can satisfy customers demand for information when the e-mail is clicked on..

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.86-105
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• 2010

Vintage fashion is a lot influenced by colors because an emotion is transmitted via images of "old feeling", "worn-out feeling" and "faded feeling" etc. Colors are visual sensation occurring at a time when lights stimulate an eye, which is a representative factor which humans first perceive when they touch objects. And colors in clothing function as a critical element which indicates an individual's impression and character as well as aesthetic sensation. In this study, I examined on the theoretical consideration and aesthetic characteristics via the previous literature on vintage fashion and colors. As an empirical study, I investigated on the colors of vintage fashion appearing in Pr$\hat{e}$t-$\grave{a}$-porter Collections, Paris from Spring/Summer, 2003 to Fall/Winter 2008. As a way for study, I investigated into the total 197 vintage fashion photos and calculated their RGB values by using photoshop. And I converted the values of the colors extracted into H V/C values by using Munsell Conversion Version 9.0.6 and analyzed on Munsell System of 10 Color Notation and the PCCS colors, classifying a color scheme by visual sensation measurement. The result of analyzing on the concept of vintage fashion and its color characteristics is as follows; Vintage fashion made an appearance the most in 2003 and 2004 and its colors appeared a lot in Y, YR, R and PB lines. Color tone concentrated on black and white, achromatic color and low chroma colors in a grayish line, chromatic color. Thus, the study found that colors suitable for a "worn-out", "faded" and "old" image are properly reflected in vintage fashion rather than a clear and bright background. In a color scheme, I found contrast color and same color appearing a lot, which gave an unharmonious feeling and a smack of the country. The study reveals that the color characteristic of vintage fashion is relatively diverse and complex in color, color tone or shade and color scheme, which shows a color trend which reflects a non-constructive and complex coordination characteristic instead of a standardized simple and clear image.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.52
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• pp.111-134
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• 2010

This paper explored satisfaction and revisiting of participants on Busan Contents Market(BCM) programme in 2009. Specifically, this study conducted regression analysis for finding satisfaction and revisiting factors on main events, broadcasting-telecom convergence forum, broadcasting business marketing forum, world culture contents forum and BCM academy. Results show as following. Firstly, Participants satisfied on comfortable lodging and possibilities as international events, but not satisfied on facilities, managements, public relations, contents and service. In particular, regional attraction and interpretation service are one of factors for revisiting in BCM main events. Secondly, one of competition factors for revisiting intention in BCM main events is production and investment. Thirdly, contents, theme and qualities of presenters and discussants are main factors for revisiting in BCM. Fourthly, satisfaction degree on education contents and lectures in BCM academy is high and contents, time, line up of lectures analyzed as determined factor for revisiting. Fifthly, documentary planning, production and marketing with international investors drive to induce revisiting BCM. We discussed motivation and utility values for revisiting of broadcasting contents market.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2005

The fluid animation procedure consists of physical simulation and visual rendering. In the physical simulation of fluids, the most frequently used practices are the numerical simulation of fluid particles using particle dynamics equations and the continuum analysis of flow via Wavier-Stokes equation. Particle dynamics method is fast in calculation, but the resulting fluid motion is conditionally unrealistic The method using Wavier-Stokes equation, on the contrary, yields lifelike fluid motion when properly conditioned, yet the complexity of calculation restrains this method from being used in real-time applications. Global illumination is generally successful in producing premium-Duality rendered images, but is also excessively slow for real-time applications. In this paper, we propose a rapid fluid animation method incorporating enhanced particle dynamics simulation method and pre-integrated volume rendering technique. The particle dynamics simulation of fluid flow was conducted in real-time using Lennard-Jones model, and the computation efficiency was enhanced such that a small number of particles can represent a significant volume. For real-time rendering, pre-integrated volume rendering method was used so that fewer slices than ever can construct seamless inter-laminar shades. The proposed method could successfully simulate and render the fluid motion in real time at an acceptable speed and visual quality.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.472-478
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• 2001

Objectives : The authors present a retrospective analysis of 100 consecutive adult patients harboring craniopharyngiomas who underwent microsurgical resection between 1981 and 1999 to assess the long-term outcome of surgical treatment and to determine the most optimal management strategy. Methods : The extent of surgical removal was divided into four categories ; GTR(gross total removal), RSTR(radical subtotal removal), STR(subtotal removal),and PR(partial removal). The median follow-up period was 50 months(4-198). CT scan and/or MR imaging and hormonal status were evaluated to the last follow-up. Results : Visual disturbance was the most common presentation, which was improved in 42 cases and aggravated in 19 cases following the operation. Hypopituitarism was detected in 56 patients preoperatively, 82 during the immediate postoperative period, and 76 at the last follow-up. Improvement of pituitary function was not observed in any of these patients. Twenty of 100 patients showed recurrence at the mean of 27 months(3 to 196). The median progression-free survival(PFS) time of all patients was 145 months and 5-year PFS rate was 74%. Five-year PFS rate of GTR or RSTR group(71%) was significantly higher than that of STR or PR group(30%)(p=0.01). Postoperative radiation therapy significantly prolonged the PFS from 94 months in non-radiation group to 182 months(p=0.002). However, there was no statistical difference in number of patients who required hormonal replacement therapy between radiation and non-radiation group. Conclusion : Visual disturbance can be improved by early diagnosis and surgical decompression. GTR or RSTR in selected patients is considered a proper surgical strategy. Post-operative radiation therapy for residual tumors must be considered, although the ideal timing of radiation therapy is to be determined.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.147-154
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• 2018

This paper focuses on the development of a support system that can rapidly generate the design data of a hot-form die with cooling channels, commonly known as hot stamping technology. We propose a new process for designing hot-form dies based on our (automated) system, whose main features are derived from the analysis of the design requirements and design process in the current industry. Our design support system consists of two modules, which allow for the generation of a 3D geometry model and its 2D drawings. The module for 3D modeling automation is implemented as a type of CATIA template model based on CATIA V5 Knowledgeware. This module automatically creates a 3D model of a hot-form die, including the cooling channels, that depends on the shape of the forming surface and the number of STEELs (subsets of die product) and cooling channels. It also allows for both the editing of the positions and orientations of the cooling channels and testing for the purpose of satisfying the constraints on the distance between the forming surface and cooling channels. Another module for the auto-generation of the 2D drawings is being developed as a plug-in using CAA (CATIA SDK) and Visual C++. Our system was evaluated using the S/W test based on a user defined scenario. As a result, it was shown that it can generate a 3D model of a hot form die and its 2D drawings with hole tables about 29 times faster than the conventional manual method without any design errors.