• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to offer information in order to induce and practice forming right oral health habit by grasping oral health practice according to subjective oral health interest and recognition in Academic Boys' High School students. Targeting students of Academic Boys' High School where is located in Jeollabuk-do from May 20, 2010 to June 20, the self-administered questionnaire survey was carried out by convenience sampling. The following are the results that the collected data was carried out statistical analysis by using SPSS 12.0 program. 1. Among factors of oral health practice according to oral health interest level, toothbrushing was the highest with 3.89 points. It was in order of education and interest with 3.18 points, diet control with 2.93 points, a regular visit with 2.69 points, and the practice of oral hygiene device with 2.12 points. 2. Among factors of oral health practice according to subjective oral health recognition level, toothbrushing was the highest with 3.89 points. It was in order of education and interest with 3.17 points, diet control with 2.93 points, a regular visit with 2.69 points, and the practice of oral hygiene device with 2.12 points. 3. In correlation between subjective oral health recognition level and oral health practice factor, the more recognition of being healthy in the subjective oral health recognition level led to the higher oral health practice level(p<0.01). 4. As for influence of oral health practice factor upon subjective oral health recognition level, the subjective oral health recognition was high in a group of practicing toothbrushing(p<0.01) and of visiting dental clinic regularly(p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.526-539
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of the Korean Wave on Chinese tourism to South Korea through a behavioral analysis of Chinese tourists in the general group package tours. China suppressed the needs of the Chinese people's geographical movement and imposed restrictions on information about the outside world with the use of a policy of "closure" for a long time. But since reforms and open-door policies were introduced in China, especially in the context of relaxation of control policies over Chinese outbound tourism after the mid-1990's, more and more Chinese make trips abroad including visits to South Korea. In this situation, the recent Korean Wave(especially, drama/film) describes the Korean national image by forming a bridge between fiction and reality and plays a pivotal role in broadening or reconstructing the geographical imagination of the Chinese people who have been historically isolated from the outside world. Although Chinese have imagined the Korean nationscape on the basis of geopolitical or economic factors in the past, they have currently broadened or reconstructed their geographical imagination to include socio-cultural factors related closely to the Korean way of life due to the recent Korean Wave. This newly constructed geographical imagination led by the Korean Wave functions as an important pulling factor in Chinese destination choices, affecting Chinese tourists' motivation formation and the recommendation of main attractions. The more influential the Korean Wave is on their destination choice, the more the respondents select the cultural factors in both their motivation for tourism to South Korea and their recommendations of tourism attractions to other people. Through the analysis results of both satisfaction and intention to revisit, the more influential the Korean Wave is on their destination choice, the higher is the degree of both satisfaction and intention to revisit. In other words, although Chinese tourism to South Korea is chiefly in the general group package tours, Chinese tourists who are influenced by Korean Wave on their destination choice have more attachment to(or affection for) Korea as a tourism destination. This result suggests that the Korean Wave affects qualitative change - that is, change of attitude - as well as quantitative change in Chinese demand for tourism to South Korea.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.6
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• pp.5-18
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• 1999

This study was attempt to encourage for developing on rehabilitation delivery system and programs as a substitute service instead of hospitalization for accident patients at work, such as hospital based home health care nursing service. It needs vary substitutes service of hospitalization to curtail the length of stay for inpatients who were hospitalized with workers compensation insurance. It focused on developing an estimation of early discharge day of accident inpatients based on a detail statement of treatment for 115 inpatients who were hospitalized at General Hospital in 1997. This study has four specific purpose as follows. First, to find out the status of health service utilization. Second, to estimate the early discharge days and income increasing effect based on the early discharge for those patients. Third, to identify the factors to affect total medical expenditure and the length of stay for those inpatients. Forth, to figure out the need of utilizing home health care nursing service for accident patients. In order to analyze of the length of stay and medical expenditure for inpatients who were hospitalized due to the accident, the authors conducted with micro-analysis and macroanalysis from medical records and medical expenditure records. Micro-analysis was done by nominal group discussion of 4 expertise with the critical criteria. such as a decrease in the amount of treatment after surgery, treatments, tests, drugs and changes in the tests consistency, drug methods, vital signs, start of ROM exercise, doctor's order, patient's outside visiting ability, stable conditions. In addition to identify affected variables for medical expenditure. the length of stay and income effect due to early discharge day, the data was analyzed with multiple regression analysis and linear regression analysis model by SPSS-PC for windows and Excell program. Results of this study as follows. First, the mean length of stay was 37.1 days, whereas the mean length of stay due to early discharge was 28.2 days at the hospital. The estimation of early discharge days were shown that depends on the length of stay. The longer length of stay, the longer length of early discharge days, such as under 7 days length of stay patients was to estimated the mean length of stay was 4.9 days and early discharge days was 4.6. whereas the mean length of stay was 122.6 days and early discharge days was 92.0 respectively. The mean medical expenditure per day were found to be 133.409 Won. whereas the mean medical expenditure per day was shown negative linear trends according to the length of stay at the hospital. The estimation results of the income effect due to 11 early discharge days per bed was around 2,150,000 won. However, it means not the real benefits from early discharge, but the income increasing amount without considering medical prime cost in general hospital. Therefore, it needs further analysis on the cost containments and benefits under the considering as well turn over rates per bed as the medical prime costs. The length of stay was most significant and the sign was positive to the total medical expenditure, as expected. Surgery and patient's residential area also an important variable in explaining medical expenditure. The level of complications was most significant variable in explaining the length of stay. The level of the needs on horne health care nursing service which can be used for early discharge accident patients were shown very high. The needs distribution varied from 65.5% of patients and 88.9% of caregivers, to 96.4% of doctors, and 99.1% of nurses. In addition horne health nurse responded that they can be managed the accident inpatients from early discharge. From these research findings. the following suggestions has been drawn it needs to develop strategies on rehabilitation delivery system in order to focused on consumer's side which is planned for 21 century health policy in Korea. Vary intermediate facilities and horne health care would have been developed in the community based for comprehensive rehabilitation services as a substitutes of hospitalization for shortening the length of stay of hospitalizations. In hospital based horne health care nursing service, it's available immediately to utilize for the patients who wanted rehabilitation services as a substitutes of hospitalization under the cooperations with workers compensation insurance company.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.459-473
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• 2004

Recently, many children have been treated under sedation in the department of pediatric dentistry of the dental hospital of Kangnung National University, and sedation cases are increasing gradually. So, in this study. the author analyzed and studied about the characteristics of sedated pediatric dental patients and their parents with patient chart and questionnaire at first visit, from 1999 to 2002 for the purpose of making pediatric dental treatment plan more effective and the improvement of behavior management for better pediatric dentistry. The results were follows : 1. The number of total pediatric and sedative patients increased from 1999 to 2002. 2. The sedated pediatric dental patients were younger than total pediatric dental patients(p<0.001). 3. In visit frequency per month, the sedated patients showed higher percentage on March, July, November contrast to non-sedated patients(p<0.001). 4. In parental occupation, there was a significant difference between sedated patients and non-sedated patients(p<0.001). 5. Caries treatment rather than preventive care or orthodontic treatment, was primarily composed of chief complaint of sedated patients(p<0.001). 6. The sedated patients showed worse response to previous treatment than non-sedated patients, and their parents also expected worse response contrast to non-sedated patients (p>0.001). 7. The patients who were introduced, occupied 31.2% of sedated pediatric dental patients and referral by the dentist were composed of the highest percentage(58.3%). 8. In case of uncooperative child at conventional behavior management, the parents of sedated pediatric dental patients prefered to sedation(50.9%). while the parents of non-sedated patients prefered to physical restraint(54.6%) (p<0.001).

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.133-144
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• 2003

This study is carrying out a before and after experiment design for the non-equal comparative group to identify the effects of the breast self-examination education on breast self-examination participant education compliance and health promotion in women. The subject of this study was 58 women residing in Chungju. Their age ranged from 20 to 40. These women were not pregnant or did not breast feed, as well as they did not have any breast disease, at the time of survey. They were available for the response to the questionnaires, and understood the purpose of this study. They also agreed to participate in the study, and responded to the 3rd time questionnaires to the end. Thus, brochures and lectures were provided side by side to a group of 19 of those women, and only brochures were provided to another group of 39 of those women. With regard to education, a brochure and a program using a breast model were applied. Then, the frequency of the breast self examination compliance, breast self examination capability and the relations between the breast self examination and activities to promote health were measured, before the education, after 4 weeks of education and after 12 weeks of education. Before education and after 4 weeks of education. I collected the questionnaires myself visiting them, and after 12 weeks of education, the questionnaires were collected by mail. In relation to the study tool, the breast self examination activity was measured by two measuring tools: breast self examination activity frequency and breast self examination compliance capability. As for the frequency, the number of self examination for the period of 3 months, before the questionnaire survey, was measured in the form of self report. In relation to the tool to measure the breast self examination capability, the BSEPRI tool, which was developed by Wood in 1994, was used. Here, as the score was higher, the capability was indicated to be higher. The translated and revised version of Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (Walker, Sechrist & Pender. 2002) was used as a tool for health promotion. As the measured score was higher, the health promoting activity was indicated to be higher. The results of this study were as follows: 1. As a result of checking the breast self examination compliance frequency between the experiment group that received the breast self examination participant education and the comparative group that did not receive the education, there was a significant difference in interaction between groups by time, as time passed by. 2. As a result of checking the breast self examination compliance capability between the experiment group and the comparative group, there was a significant difference in interaction between groups by time, as time passed by. 3. As a result of carrying out a repetitive measurement analysis, between the experiment group that received the breast self examination education and the comparative group that did not receive the education, which was carried out to validate the hypothesis that the former would have higher health promoting activities than the latter, there was no significant difference after the breast self examination education was conducted.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.436-442
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• 2007

Purpose : To promote awareness and efforts by pediatricians to identity and prevent child abuse by investigation of characteristics of victim and types of injury caused by abuse. Methods : A retrospective study was performed with 20 patients who had been diagnosed or suspected as child abuse at Hallym University Hospital from January 1999 to December 2005. The medical records, radiologic documents, and social worker's notes were reviewed to investigate age, sex, visiting time, form of abuse, perpetrator, risk factor, and type of injury. Results : The mean age of the subjects was 2.8 years. Fourteen patients were between 0-1 years old, 2 patients between 1-6 years old, 3 patients between 7-12 years old, and 1 case over 13 years old. The ratio of male to female was 1:1. The majority of these patients (70%) visited via emergency department. Eight five percent of these patients reported with physical abuse, 5% psychological abuse, 5% sexual abuse, and 5% neglect respectively. The suspected perpetrator was the biological father in six cases, the biological mother in three cases, the stepmother in two cases, caregiver in one case, relatives in one case and "unknown" in six cases. Bruise and hematoma (80%) were the most common physical findings. Skull fractures were diagnosed in six cases, long bone fractures in two cases, hemoperitoneum in two cases, subdural hemorrhage in 10 cases, epidural hemorrhages in two cases, subarachnoidal hemorrhages in two cases, and retinal hemorrhages in five cases respectively. Seventeen cases required hospitalization and surgical operations performed were in nine cases. Four patients died and three patients had sequalae such as developmental delay and quadriplegia. Conclusion : Child abuse results in high mortality and morbidity in victims. Therefore early recognition and prevention is very important. Pediatricians should always suspect the possibilities of abuse in cases of fracture, intracranial hemorrhage, abdominal injury, or even any injury to the body. We recommend that the clinical investigation of suspicious children should include a full multidisciplinary social assessment, a skeletal survey and CT or MRI.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.76-79
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• 2013

Purpose: It is very important to establish the appropriate reference range in the laboratory for preventing mistakes like false positive or false negative. Because the reference range in the laboratory is standard of patient test results interpretation. Proinsulin is precursor hormone of insulin, and the importance is increasing for diagnosing diabetes or insulinoma. Proinsulin reagent used in our laboratory is produced in the USA, and the reference range provided by manufacturer was adapted to our reference range after the validation test. But, it is generally recommend for the every laboratory to establish the their own reference range. So, we decided to re-evaluate the reference range with our patients' test results. Materials and Methods: Among 737 patients who had been to health promotion center in our hospital between Dec. $8^{th}$ 2011 and Dec. $21^{st}$ 2011, 563 patients are chosen with exception of diabetics patients and patients showing abnormal test results in Fasting Glucose, HbA1c, Insulin, and C-peptide. The 563 test results (275 males and 288 females) were classified with three groups(entire, male, female), and analysis of normal distribution was performed with aid of SPSS(version 19.0). Because Each group didn't show normal distribution, the reference range was set from the lowest limit of 2.5% to the highest limit of 97.5% with Percentile method used in non-normal distribution. Results: When evaluation values are sorted in ascending order, the entire range is 4.5~52.0 pM and 5.3~51.9 pM for male and 4.5~52.0 pM for female. The calculated reference range with percentile method shows 6.7~26.5 pM for entire group, 6.8~26.5 pM for male and 6.7~26.5 pM for female, respectively. Conclusion: The reference range provided by reagent manufacturer is 6.4~9.4 pM and the one established in this study is 6.7~26.5 pM. This difference might be caused by racial characteristics between Western people and Koreans. So an ideal reference range can be gotten with normal population visiting to every hospital. Our hospital has been using the newly re-establishing reference range under consultation with the department of endocrinology since Aug. $1^{st}$ 2012.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to study of utilization of dental high school and according to the pain experienced dental fear and anxiety. This survey was conducted on 370 high school students in Suwon from November 21 to 23, 2011. A total of 352 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The collected data was analyzed using the statistical package SPSS 15.0 using frequency, mean and standard deviation analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's test correlation analysis and Stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results state that students feel fear and anxiety were feeling anesthetic needle ($3.19{\pm}1.43$), seeing anesthetic needle ($3.14{\pm}1.44$). We found that students feel more rear and anxiety from caries treatment than scaling. It influence that having dental fear with past dental pain experienced during dental treatment and also hearing dental treatment of pain from their family and friends. We found out that there are some influencing factors on dental fear and anxiety, gender, oral health condition, smoking, pain experienced during dental treatment. We need to care dental fear and anxiety continuously and have prevention program. We have to try understanding students have dental fear and anxiety. So it's better they have good experience visiting dental clinic. We should develop the system and specially treat well while they have dental treatment with anesthesia and some sharp instruments.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to improve the oral health after understanding the usage status of oral health items and to conduct active guidance for prohibition of smoking. The survey of 326 visitors for continuous oral health management in the dentist from April 2nd 2007 to May $20^{th}$ is accomplished. The data is handled from the SPSS 12.0 statistics program and we can get the results like below. 1. The number of people answering the usage of the smooth toothbrush is 64.5% which is higher in smoking peoples than in non-smoking ones (p < 0.001). Non-smoking people 61.4% answering '3 minutes more' per brushing their teeth is higher than smoking respondents. 2. The more used device is the interdental brush by non-smoking people 36.7% than smoking ones and the answer. 3. The percentage answering 'recommendation in the dentist' in the question about the motive using the oral health devices are nearly same in 69.6 % and 67.5% by non-smoking and smoking persons. The most reason not using these devices is 'don't know how to use this' and the number of smoking guys is 38.7% which is higher than that of non-smoking ones(p < 0.05). 4. The percentage of answering 'regular visiting the dentist', the method for oral health management is 28.3% in smoking parts and 35.3% in non-smoking ones which is slightly higher. From this study, the usage and the recognition of oral hygiene devices of the patient with smoking is a little bit lower than those of non-smoking patients and small difference is shown. So public relations of the effects and the necessity of the oral hygiene devices to all people have to be performed and the education and the activity prohibiting smoking are expanded by the dental hygienist based on the understanding of oral health when the patients are smoking or not.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.109-119
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was a part of a drive to develop a community health center-based hospice management model which is concerned with hospice care at a community health care setting and available resources of the local community. Methods: Development of a community health center-based hospice management model involved evaluation of existing hospice-related research, including literature review, and research on hospice facilities at the study site, as well as evaluation of model operation. The latter involved community health center-based hospice test operation, and evaluation of test operation by a research team, including of a nursing professor majoring in hospice care and staffs from a community health center in Busan metropolitan city, regional cancer center, and regional terminal cancer patient medical institute. The study was conducted in the 2008 calendar year. Results: The community health center-based hospice management model provides service linked with local community resources, focusing on the local community health center. Financial and administrative assistance is provided by the regional cancer center, with collaboration from academic health care professionals who guide the operation management. The community health center hospice nurse in consultation with a visiting nurse team registers terminally-ill cancer patients and, after assessment, the hospice team prioritize hospice care during team meeting. Care is delivered by staffs and volunteers. Conclusion: The developed community health center-based hospice operation management model maximally utilizes available community health resources to produce qualitative improvement of regional health and welfare policy through improving the lives of home-based cancer patients and their family who are in medical blind spot.