• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제11권1_2호
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• pp.143-154
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• 2003

Analytical solutions for the viscous Cahn-Hilliard equation are considered. Existence and uniqueness of the solution are shown. The exponential decay of the solution in H$^2$-norm, which is an improvement of the result in Elliott and Zheng[5]. We also compare the early stages of evolution of the viscous Cahn-Hilliard equation with that of the Cahn-Hilliard equation, which has been given as an open question in Novick-Cohen[8].

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 1995년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.113-117
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• 1995

Viscous analysis on incompressible flows is performed using unstructured triangular meshes. A two-dimensional and axisymmetric incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved in time-marching form by artificial compressibility method. The governing equations are discretized by a cell-centered based finite-volume method. and a centered scheme is used for inviscid and viscous fluxes with fourth order artificial dissipation. An explicit multi-stage Runge-Kutta method is used for the time integration with local time stepping and implicit residual smoothing. Convergence properties are examined and solution accuracies are also validated with benchmark solution and experiment.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2000

For aerodynamic design of missile bodies of non-circular cross-section, the combination of the slender body theory and the cross-flow analogy can hardly be applied owing to the lack of experimental data. An alternative is to utilize the Euler solution in the design stage. For enhanced accuracy, however, an adequate viscous correction is necessary to the Euler solution. In this work, such a procedure is examined to compensate the viscous effect by utilizing the concept of proportionality factor in cross-flow analogy. Predictions of aerodynamic coefficients combining the Euler solution and the viscous correction via proportionality factor are made for a missile body of elliptic cross-section. Results indicate that the present approach can be adopted in designing missile bodies of non-circular cross-sections.

• Journal of Information Display
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2001

A viscous Ni solution was coated over amorphous Si thin film for evenly spread of Ni metal source. The Ni s. prepared by dissolving $NiCl_2$ into IN HCI and mixing with propylene glycol. $NiCl_2$ and Ni were deposited on the amorphous film after oven dry and they enabled to obtain a uniform crystallization. The crystallization using the viscous Ni solution was a Ni-silicide mediated process, the same process used with Ni metal layer. The crystallization temperature was lowered to $480^{\circ}C$ by the synergy effect of silicide-mediated crystallization and microwave-induced crystallization. Lateral crystallization was also enhanced such that the velocity of lateral crystallization by microwave annealing became faster than by furnace annealing.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.307-326
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• 2010

This paper is concerned with the optimal seismic design of added viscous dampers in yielding plane frames. The total added damping is minimized for allowable values of local performance indices under the excitation of an ensemble of ground motions in both regular and irregular structures. The local performance indices are taken as the maximal inter-story drift of each story and/or the normalized hysteretic energy dissipated at each of the plastic hinges. Gradients of the constraints with respect to the design variables (damping coefficients) are derived, via optimal control theory, to enable an efficient first order optimization scheme to be used for the solution of the problem. An example of a ten story three bay frame is presented. This example reveals the following 'fully stressed characteristics' of the optimal solution: damping is assigned only to stories for which the local performance index has reached the allowable value. This may enable the application of efficient and practical analysis/redesign type methods for the optimal design of viscous dampers in yielding plane frames.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.599-604
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• 1991

국내에 아직 연구보고된 바 없는 청국장 점질물의 이화학적 특성을 조사하기 위하여 B. natto와 B. subtilis로 발효시킨 청국장으로부터 각각 6.3%, 5.0%의 점질물을 얻었다. 이 점질물의 조단백질 함량은 모두 약 61% 정도이었으며, 점질물의 단백질 중 아미노태 질소함량은 약 32%이었고, 구성아미노산 중에는 글루탐산이, 무기질 중에는 K함량이 특히 높았다. 점질물의 점도는 5% 농도에서는 설탕 15% 용액의 점도보다도 높게 나타났다. B. natto와 B. subtilis로부터 분리한 점질물은 pH5.0과 7.0, pH5.0에서 각각 최저 투과도를 나타내었고, 280nm에서 측정한 흡광도는 각각 pH 5.5, pH 4.0과 10.5에서 최저흡광도를 나타내었다. 점질물의 fibrinolytic activity는 B. natto가 0.438 unit/mg protein, B. subtilis가 0.163 unit/mg protein이었고, $100^{\circ}C$에서 5분간 열처리하여도 효소활성이 90% 정도 유지되었으며, 30분간 열처리하였을 때도 45% 정도의 효소활성이 남아 있었다.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.1185-1199
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• 2015

This paper is concerned with the optimal control problem for the viscous weakly dispersive Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (BBM) equation. We prove the existence and uniqueness of weak solution to the equation. The optimal control problem for the viscous weakly dispersive BBM equation is introduced, and then the existence of optimal control to the problem is proved.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제16권1_2호
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• pp.53-68
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• 2004

Numerical solutions for the viscous Cahn-Hilliard equation are considered using the Crank-Nicolson type finite difference method which conserves the mass. The corresponding stability and error analysis of the scheme are shown. The decay speeds of the solution in $H^1-norm$ are shown. We also compare the evolution of the viscous Cahn-Hilliard equation with that of the Cahn-Hilliard equation numerically and computationally, which has been given as an open question in Novick-Cohen[13].

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 1982

For the study of transport phenomena of an aqueous NaCl solution through a cuprophane membrane, a new apparatus was constructed. The volumc flow rate Q, the permeability coefficient U, and the permeability constant K were measured or determined by using this apparatus. The experimental temperature range was 5 to $35^{\circ}C$, and the applied pressure increments were 10 to 40 psi. By assuming that the cuprophane membrane is composed of n parallel cylindrical capillaries of circular cross-section and that the flow of the solution through the capillaries follows the Poiseulle law, the mean radius r of the capillaries and the number n of the latter in the membrane were evaluated. By using a reasonable assumption concerning the radius ${\eta}'$ of the species diffusing through the membrane, it was concluded that the contribution of the diffusive flow to the total flow rate Q is less than 10%. Thus, the Q was treated as the rate due to the viscous flow, and the viscosity ${\eta}_m$ of the solution in the membrane phase was evaluted, and it was found that ηm is nearly equal to ${\eta}_b$, the bulk viscosity of the solution. From this fact, it was concluded that in the capillaries, no change occurs in the physical state of the NaCl solution. The value of ( = 4.27 kcal/mole) and ${\Delta}Sm^{\neq}$(4.28 eu) were obtained for the viscous flow. A possible explanation was given.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.56-64
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• 1996

A quadrilateral-triangular mixed grid method for the solution of incompressible viscous flow is presented. The solution domain near the body surface is meshed using elliptic grid geneator to acculately simulate the viscous flow. On the other hand, we used unstructured triangular grid system generated by advancing front technique of a simple automatic grid generation algorithm in the rest of the computational domain. The present method thus is capable of not only handling complex geometries but providing accurate solutions near body surface. The numerical technique adopted here is PISO type finite element method which was developed by the present author. Investigations have been made of two-dimensional unsteady flow of Re=550 past a circular cylinder. In the case of use of the unstructured grid only, there exists a considerable amount of difference with the existing results in drag coefficient and vorticity at the cylinder surface; this may be because of the lack of the grid clustering to the surface that is a inevitable requirement to resolve the viscous flow. However, numerical results on the mixed grid show good agreements with the earlier computations and experimental data.