• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.104-109
• /
• 1999

A number of leukocytes increases when infected by a germ or virus. Detection of leukocyte levels can indicate of such medical informations as urogenital tract infection or other dysfunction. In this study, pentyl-3-thiophene-carboxlyate (PTC), pentyl-8-quinolinecarboxylate (PQC), and 2-Phenyl-4(N-tosyl-alanyloxyl)-thiazole (PTT) were synthesized, and the test strips were prepared with these substrates for quantifying leukocytes in urine. Among these substrates, the PTT test strip prepared in 0.5% borate buffer pH 8.0, 0.03% PTT, 0.1-0.8% PVP, and 1% decanol showed not only better color reaction but also an excellent application possibility to be used in automatic urine analyzer.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.71-76
• /
• 2018

Norovirus is a leading cause of sporadic pathogenic non-bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. For the detection of norovirus, reverse transcription real-time PCR (RT qPCR) has quickly become a major tool due to its sensitivity and specificity. However, accurate viral RNA extraction methods are essential for RT qPCR analysis. TRIzol reagents are used to extract RNA from biological materials and are therefore widely used for norovirus RNA extraction. In this study, the yield of viral RNA extraction using TRIzol from genogroup II (GII) among the human norovirus genogroup I (GI) and GII, and murine norovirus (GV) depended on the pH of the virus sample solution. The yield of RNA extraction was higher at the alkaline pH than in the acidic region compared with the Ct (threshold cycle) value of the real-time PCR. From the results of this study, it was found that the pH condition is very important for the quantitative analysis of norovirus by extracting GII RNA using TRIzol.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.461-466
• /
• 2013

From May to June 2012, a waterborne outbreak of 124 cases of cryptosporidiosis occurred in the plumbing system of an older high-rise apartment complex in Seoul, Republic of Korea. The residents of this apartment complex had symptoms of watery diarrhea and vomiting. Tap water samples in the apartment complex and its adjacent buildings were collected and tested for 57 parameters under the Korean Drinking Water Standards and for additional 11 microbiological parameters. The microbiological parameters included total colony counts, Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus, fecal streptococcus, Salmonella, Shigella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Cryptosporidium oocysts, Giardia cysts, total culturable virus, and Norovirus. While the tap water samples of the adjacent buildings complied with the Korean Drinking Water Standards for all parameters, fecal bacteria and Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in the tap water samples of the outbreak apartment complex. It turned out that the agent of the disease was Cryptosporidium parvum. The drinking water was polluted with sewage from a septic tank in the apartment complex. To remove C. parvum oocysts, we conducted physical processes of cleaning the water storage tanks, flushing the indoor pipes, and replacing old pipes with new ones. Finally we restored the clean drinking water to the apartment complex after identification of no oocysts.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.139-144
• /
• 2016

There exist many threats in cyber space, however current anti-virus software and other existing solutions do not effectively respond to malware that has become more complex and sophisticated. It was shown experimentally that it is possible for the proposed approach to provide an automatic execution environment for the detection of malicious behavior of active malware, comparing the virtual-machine environment with the real-machine environment based on user interaction. Moreover, the results show that it is possible to provide a dynamic analysis environment in order to analyze the intelligent malware effectively, through the comparison of malicious behavior activity in an automatic binary execution environment based on real-machines and the malicious behavior activity in a virtual-machine environment.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.75-80
• /
• 2017

Purpose: To investigate the frequency, presentation, management, and outcome of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in pediatric patients who underwent renal transplantation. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of 70 patients under the age of 18, who underwent renal transplantation between January 1990 and November 2014. A diagnosis of CMV infection was based on serology, molecular assays, antigenemia assays, and culture. CMV infection was defined as detection of virus and CMV disease was diagnosed when clinical signs and symptoms were present. Results: The number of patients with CMV infection was 18 (25.7% of renal transplant recipients). Twelve were male (66.7%), and the $mean{\pm}standard$ deviation (SD) age at infection was $13.3{\pm}3.9$ years. Median time of infection after renal transplantation was 4 months (range 1.0-31.0 months). Pretransplantation CMV status in the infected group was as follows: donor (D)+/recipient (R)+, 11 (61.1%); D+/R-, 7 (38.9%); D-/R+, 0; and D-/R- 0. Nine patients had CMV disease with fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, or organ involvement such as enteritis, hepatitis, and pneumonitis. The age of disease occurrence was $13.1{\pm}3.9$ years and the median time to disease onset after renal transplantation was 8 months (range 1.0-31.0). Immunosuppressive agents were reduced or discontinued in 14 patients (77.8%), antiviral agents were used in 11 patients (61.1%), and all patients with CMV infection were controlled. Conclusions: A quarter of the patients had CMV infection about 4 months after renal transplantation. CMV infection was successfully treated with reduction of immunosuppressants or with antiviral agents.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
• /
• v.35 no.9
• /
• pp.538-546
• /
• 2008

It has limits that system administrator deals with many problems occurred in systems because computing environments are increasingly complex. It is issued that systems have an ability to recognize system's situations and adapt them by itself in order to resolve these limits. But it requires much experiences and knowledge to build the Self-Adaptive System. The difficulty that builds the Self-Adaptive System has been problems. This paper proposes a technique that generates automatically the codes of the Self-Adaptive System in order to make the system to be built more easily. This Self-Adaptive System resolves partially the problems about ineffectiveness of the exceeded usage of the system resource that was previous research's problem and incorrect operation that is occurred by external factors such as virus. In this paper, we applied the proposed approach to the file transfer module that is in the video conferencing system in order to evaluate it. We compared the length of the codes, the number of Classes that are created by the developers, and development time. We have confirmed this approach to have the effectiveness.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.625-630
• /
• 2016

Background: Despite the established role of the Pap smear test (PST) in prevention and early detection of cervical cancer, it is still rarely practiced in Sudan. Many challenges hinder the establishment of an effective cervical cancer screening program, including socio-cultural factors. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of Sudanese women with regard to the Pap smear test and cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 500 married women aged 14 to 58 years were recruited from obstetric clinics, hospitals and universities in Khartoum in 2014. Data were collected using a standardized, pretested questionnaire that inquired socio-demographic characteristics and their KAP about cervical cancer and the PST. Results: More than 52% of participating women were above 30 years of age, and the majority (78.8%) were university degree holders. A total of 486 (97.2 %) of participants were resident in urban areas of Khartoum State. However about 48% of the respondents had never heard about PST, and only 15.8% of the participants had undergone a Pap smear test previously; 46.6% (233/500) knew that the human papilloma virus (HPV) was the causative agent, but only 39.2% (196/500) had heard about HPV vaccination, and only 11.4% (57/500) had received the vaccine. However 68% of the respondents agreed to do Pap smear if properly informed about the test and 75.4% of the respondents agreed to participate in a cervical cancer screening program. Conclusions: Despite a high educational level, less than half of our participants had accurate knowledge about cervical cancer, HPV, and cervical cancer screening. Health education about cervical cancer, HPV and sexually transmitted infections and the role of PST in cervical cancer prevention are crucial when designing interventions aimed at improving cervical cancer screening for Sudanese women.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.589-593
• /
• 2008

These days, as a side effect of the growth of the mobile devices, malwares for the mobile devices also tend to increase and become more dangerous. Because embedded Linux is one of the advanced OSes on mobile devices, a solution to preventing malwares from infecting and destroying embedded Linux will be needed. We present a scheme using signature verification for embedded Linux that prevents executallle-Infecting malwares. The proposed scheme works under collaboration between mobile devices and a server. Malware detection is delegated to the server. In a mobile device, only integrity of all executables and dynamic libraries is checked at kernel level every time by kernel modules using LSM hooks just prior to loading of executables and dynamic libraries. All procedures in the mobile devices are performed only at kernel level. In experiments with a mobile embedded device, we confirmed that the scheme is able to prevent all executable-Infecting malwares while minimizing damage caused by execution of malwares or infected files, power consumption and performance overheads caused by malware check routines.

• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.15 no.3_1
• /
• pp.41-51
• /
• 2015

Human have more complicate and skilled ability for lying even cheat ourself. It is not easy to cheat unconscious things like sweat, eyes, or voice, but if some one cheat own self, he can cheat every of that. Lie is one of the way to spread our gene and our instinct make a lie. Every living organism even bacteria or virus use similar trick to survive. In human body, there are more complicate and profound mechanism for lying like breathe, sweat, eyes, face or voice. We can control some of that and make a fake, but it can't be perfect. Human also called 'Homo Fallax' cause we have a language and skill to lie with it. In present, we can detect lie with polygraph, but it has few weakness. So we try to use Vibraimage technology for resolve it. In this paper, we describe how to use Vibraimage for lie detection and the research history.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.321-330
• /
• 2015

There have been found many modified malwares which could avoid detection simply by replacing a sequence of characters or a part of code. Since the existing anti-virus program performs signature-based analysis, it is difficult to detect a malware which is slightly different from the well-known malware. This paper suggests a method of detecting modified malwares by extending a hash-value based code comparison. We generated hash values for individual functions and individual code blocks as well as the whole code, and thus use those values to find whether a pair of codes are similar in a certain degree. We also eliminated some numeric data such as constant and address before generating hash values to avoid incorrectness incurred from them. We found that the suggested method could effectively find inherent similarity between original malware and its derived ones.