• 감성과학
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2016

이 연구는 가상현실 환경에서 디스플레이의 종류가 가상실재감에 미치는 영향을 검증하기 위하여, 착용형 디스플레이(head mounted display)와 모니터조건이 내비게이션 과제수행시의 가상실재감에 미치는 영향을 분석한 것이다. 가상 실재감을 구성하는 하위요인으로 공간실재감(spatial presence), 몰입감(involvement), 사실성(realness)을 구성했다. 과제수행시간과 가상실재감에 대한 지각점수를 종속변수로 해서 디스플레이 조건에 의한 차이를 분석했다. 분석결과에 따르면 모니터조건과 비교했을 때 HMD조건에서 전반적으로 과제수행시간이 길었다. 이런 결과가 나타난 것은 HMD에서의 몰입감이 높기 때문에 오히려 주변 사물에 대한 탐색활동이 더 늘어난 것으로 보인다. 가상실재감에서는 HMD 조건이 탁월하게 높았으며, 같은 HMD조건에서는 특히 공간실재감과 몰입감이 사실성 보다 모두 높게 지각되었다. 이 연구를 통해서 HMD와 모니터 조건에 따라서 가상실재감의 하위요인에 미치는 수준이 다르다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2020

VR technology has become a game changer in the game industry. VR game market has increased exponentially worldwide. The current study is designed to examine effects of VR game players' gender (male vs. female), types of VR games (solo game vs. multiplayer game), and the level of perceived virtual presence (low virtual presence vs. high virtual presence) on enjoyment and intention to replay. Study findings suggest that male players, after playing VR games, showed higher enjoyment and intention to replay VR games. In terms of types of VR games, multiplayer VR games lead to higher enjoyment intention to replay than solo play games. Finally, this study found that the high level of perceived virtual presence incur higher enjoyment and intention to replay than the low level of perceived virtual presence in playing VR games. Practical implications were discussed in the last section of this paper.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2021

This study examined the effects of egocentric distance and screen size on learners' perceived virtual presence in a virtual reality environment with a large-screen display. Sixty-four undergraduate students participated in the study, which used a 3×2 randomized-block factorial design with repeated measures. Two independent variables were included: 1) egocentric distance, or the physical distance between the viewer's position and a screen display, and 2) screen size, or different screen heights with fixed width. Learners' perceived virtual presence, comprising involvement, spatial presence, and realness, was the dependent variable. Results showed that egocentric distance had significant effects on virtual presence, while screen size had none. A detailed discussion and implications are provided.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.295-310
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• 2023

The current virtual fashion influencers are a hyper-real prototype in that it has a higher presence than the virtual humans in the past. Also, they are leading fashion trend with more than tens of thousands of followers on social media. This study investigated the physical and social presence of virtual fashion influencer perceived by consumer and verified effects on evaluation attributes of influencers and the relationship maintenance behavior. A total of 321 Korean women in their 20s and 30s who have Instagram account participated in the online survey. The data was analyzed using AMOS 23.0. The results revealed that the physical presence had a significant impact on attractiveness of virtual fashion influencers. In case of social presence had a positive effect on friendliness and reliability of virtual fashion influencers. In addition, evaluation attributes of virtual fashion influencers' friendliness, attractiveness and reliability in the order of influence on relationship maintenance behavior. This study suggested that the development of social presence of virtual fashion influencers with friendliness and attractiveness is more important than the physical presence that has already reached a high level.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.23-51
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• 2023

Purpose: Live commerce is a new type of electronic commerce in combination with live streaming services. It is expected to increase virtual presence in the context of online shopping by overcoming a lack of social interactions between sellers and buyers which have been raised as a limitation in electronic commerce. Drawing on the studies of communication media, this study examines how live commerce contributes to the increase of virtual presence which consists of telepresence and social presence. Telepresence refers to a buyer's perception that he or she is present at the physical shopping mall during live shopping streaming whereas social presence refers to a buyer's perception of social interaction with a seller which is human warm, social, sensitive, and personal. In this study, we verify key determinants of virtual presence and its consequences. More specifically, this study proposes virtual presence contributes to the increase of buyers' trust in products and further purchase intentions. Furthermore, we verify influential factors of virtual presence from the technical and influencer perspectives of live commerce. Design/methodology/approach: To test the proposed hypotheses, the partial least squares (PLS) analysis is conducted with a total of 250 data collected on users with experience in the TaoBao live streaming shopping platform. Findings: The results show that first, telepresence and social presence are increased by visibility, media richness and attractiveness in the context of live shopping streaming. Second, buyers' trust in product trust and purchase intentions are positively influenced by telepresence and social presence. Finally, buyers' trust in product has a direct, positve effect on their purchase intentions. Overall, the findings offer new insights into the studies of electronic commerce by introducting the concepts of virtual presence and media richness from the literature of communication media in the field of live commerce.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제58권11호
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• pp.670-682
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• 2020

This research examined the difference in cognitive load and the virtual presence depending on auditory feedback and task difficulty in haptic-based dental simulation. In the field of dental education, practice-centered training using handpiece has been crucial because a practitioner's psychomotor experience has a significant impact on the mastery of treatment skills. For the novice, it is necessary to reduce errors in dental treatment to enhancing skill acquisition in the haptic practice. In the training process, the force-feedback is crucial to elaborate subtle movement to guide what to do and how it should be hard or soft. However, It is not easy to add force-feedback to generate kinetic experience training. As an alternative method, we examined that auditory feedback can help learners' skill training. In this study, we analyzed how the presence/absence of auditory feedback at the different levels of task difficulty impacts learners' psychological demand and virtual presence in the virtual reality simulation. For this study, 29 dental college students participated in a dental simulation. The participants were grouped into two conditions that are with and without auditory feedback. Additionally, two consecutive tooth preparation tasks with different levels of difficulty were used in the simulation. The auditory feedback condition gives alarms to a learner when he treats a non-targeted tooth with a virtual handpiece. The user's cognitive load and virtual presence were measured to examine the effects of auditory feedback. The results revealed that the main effect was found in cognitive loads. Also, a significant interaction effect was shown in the virtual presence. We discussed the effective design methods for the virtual reality-based dental simulation through the result of this study.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2019

With continued technology innovation in the fields of computer graphics (CG) and virtual reality (VR), digital animated avatars (or virtual humans) are evolving into ones that are more interactive at a suitable location such as museum, airport, and shopping mall. Specially, the form of the avatar (or the virtual human) realistically need to be expressed in a way that matches the users' physical space. In recent many researches, the form of virtual human has been expressed as mixed-reality human (MRH)-the virtual human combines with the physicality as the real part. In this paper, we propose to carry out a study comparing various MRH on co-presence and emotional response in two-typed virtual humans depending on how many actual parts are included: (1) (Level 1) small parts in the virtual human combined virtual components (e.g., the head only) and (2) (Level 2) large parts in the virtual human with the physicality as the real part such as head, arms, and upper body). We report on the implemented results of our virtual humans and experimental results on co-presence and emotional response.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.125-153
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• 2020

The advancement of virtual reality technology offers various locomotion options that support users' navigation behaviors in a virtual reality environment. This study was aimed at examining the effects of two navigation methods-joystick-controlling and walking-around-on users' perceived usability, behavioral engagement, and virtual presence. Fifty South Korean college students were recruited in the study, and they were assigned randomly to one of the two navigation conditions. Participants from each group were asked to observe a 3D object and complete the surveys. They were then asked to repeat the procedure with a 2D image. Using repeated-measures ANOVAs and MANOVA, we found that users using joystick-controlling reported higher usability and showed superior performance to the walking-around group on two tasks. Participants reported a higher behavioral engagement when observing the 2D image. Besides, they perceived a significantly higher virtual presence when observing the 2D image. Finally, we discussed the implications of the findings for the navigation method design.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.166-174
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• 2008

As the use of virtual environment for decision-making interior or architectural design has been increasingly broaden, the choice of media form-physical, objective properties of a display medium-became and important issue to take into consideration. This research deals with the effects and differences between two types of media for a virtual environment; wall projection screen(120") and PC monitor(17"). In addition, efficient adoption of the two media forms was also proposed in this research. A total of 90 subjects participated in pre-designed three experimental groups(A group: experiment with a wall projection screen, B group: experiment with PC monitor, C group: both) and answer the seating preferences, the presence inventory, and the decision confidence using a simulated virtual restaurant environment. The results are as follows: (1) seating preferences for the tables located in frequent traffic area and near other spaces such as restroom and th kitchen are significantly different by the media form. While there is no significant difference found in seating preferences for most tables except high traffic areas near entrances between the two media. This result demonstrates the effects of media type or screen size on user perception for the areas near structural or interior design elements. (2) The presence measure in this research consist of in this research consist of four factors: 'spatial presence,' 'object presence,' 'positive effects,' and 'the factor of negative effects. 'The mean values of the items involving engagement or interaction in the spatial presence factor and the object presence factor are significantly different by the media form. A higher sense of presence of presence was observed in the wall projection screen. (3) PC monitor condition was shown to provide a higher level of decision confidence. Based on the research finding, conclusions and implications are discussed.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2019

본 연구는 HMD 가상현실 광고를 경험한 사용자가 현존감(인지적, 감성적, 미디어 현존감)과 인게이지먼트 수준에 따라 광고태도와 기억 효과에 어떠한 차이가 나타나는지를 실증적으로 살펴보았다. 특히 기억 효과의 경우 사용자가 광고를 통해 기억 하는 정보를 '개별적인 속성 기억정보(ARM: Attribute-Related Memory)'와 '종합적인 평가 기억정보(GRM: Global-Related Memory)'로 구분하여 연구를 진행하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, HMD 기반 가상현실 광고에 대한 태도는 현존감의 유형에 상관없이 모두 긍정적인 태도를 형성하였다. 둘째, 가상현실 광고에서는 인게이지먼트 수준이 낮으면 제품 속성 중심의 정보들을 기억하는 ARM이 증가하나 반대로 인게이지먼트 수준이 높으면 제품에 대한 태도 중심의 평가적 정보에 대한 기억인 GRM이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 인지적 현존감과 미디어 현존감은 모두 인게이지먼트 수준이 낮으면 ARM이 GRM보다 많이 기억하는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 연구에서는 연구의 일반화를 위해 피험자 수를 늘리고 가외 변인을 줄일 수 있는 실험물 조작이 요구된다.