• 대한수의학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2007

Olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus is one of the most important cultured fish in Korea, its farming has been negatively impacted by viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases. Streptococcal infection was considered as a serious problem because of significant economic losses in olive flounder farm industry. The development and evaluation of vaccine for protection against infection by this agent were required. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of ${\beta}$-hemolytic Streptococcus (S.) iniae vaccine on olive flounder Three hundreds of flounders (weight $119.8{\pm}20.7g$, body length $22.6{\pm}1.4cm$) were reared in 0.5 tons aquaria in land-marine tank system. Seawater was provided from the sea of Inchon in Korea, and water temperature was set to $22^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ in the vaccination and challenge test, respectively. We used the formalin-inactivated ${\beta}$-hemolytic S. iniae (F2K) vaccine (M VAC INIAE; Kyoritsu seiyaku, Japan) originated in Japan. The vaccine was intraperitoneally administered to fish. Both of vaccinated group and control group were challenged with intraperitoneally injection by virulent S. iniae SI-36 isolates with $1.0{\times}10^7CFU/fish$ at 3 weeks after vaccination. Difference on mortality of control and vaccinated group (90.0 and 15.0%, 76.5 and 8.0% respectively) at two trials were found significant (p<0.05), and relative percent survival were 83.4% and 89.5%, respectively. The dead fishes were showed dark pigmentation of skin, abdominal extension, hemorrhagic ascites, and liver necrosis, and isolated the S. iniae strain from ascites, liver and kidney. We confirmed the safety and efficacy of ${\beta}$-hemolytic S. iniae vaccine by determinations of the optimal management condition and artificial challenge test in olive flounder.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2004

Sf9 cells have obvious advantages for the conventional production technology of vaccine. They are useful tools for high concentration and large-scale cultures. Sf9 cells were grown to maximal concentration, 8${\times}$l0$\^$6/ cells/$m\ell$ in a 500$m\ell$ spinner flask, with a doubling time at the exponentially growing phase of 24.5 hours, using serum-free media. To explore the ability of Sf9 cells to be infected by the Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus Beijing-l strain, Sf9 cells were infected with the virus. By 4-5 days post-infection, 10-15 % of the Sf9 cells showed cytopathic effect (CPE), from granularity to the formation of syncytia and multinucleated giant cells continuously observed over a period of 35 days. Positive fluorescent reactions were detected in 30-40% of cells infected with the JE virus Beijing-l strain, and the uninfected Sf9 cells were completely negative. Virus particles, propagated in Sf9 and Vero cells, were concentrated by sedimentation on 40% trehalose cushions by ultracentrifugation, and showed identical patterns of viral morphogenesis. Complete virus particles, 40 to 50 nm in diameter, were observed, and JE virus envelope (E) proteins, at 53 kDa, were found in the western blot analysis to the anti-JE virus E protein monoclonal antibody and reacted as a magenta band in the same position to the glycoprotein staining. To evaluate whether the infectious virus was produced in Sf9 cells inoculated with the JE virus Beijing-l stain, Sf9 cells were inoculated with the virus, and sample harvested every 5 days. The titers of the JE virus Beijing-l strain rose from 1.0${\times}$l0$\^$5/ to 1.5${\times}$l0$\^$6/ pfu/$m\ell$. The infected Sf9 cells could be subcultured in serum-free medium, with no change in the plaque sizes formed by the JE virus Beijing-l strain in the plaque assay. It is suggested that the ability of the JE virus Beijing-l strain to infect Sf9 cells in serum-free media will provide a useful insect cell system, where the JE virus replication, cytopathogenicity and vaccine immunogen can be studied.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.1326-1334
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• 2008

The prime-boost vaccination with DNA vaccine and recombinant viral vector has emerged as an effective prophylactic strategy to control infectious diseases. Here, we compared the protective immunities induced by multiple alternating immunizations with DNA vaccine (pCIgB) and replication-incompetent adenovirus (Ad-gB) expressing glycoprotein gB of pseudorabies virus (PrV). The platform of pCIgB-prime and Ad-gB-boost induced the most effective immune responses and provided protection against virulent PrV infection. However, priming with pCIgB prior to vaccinating animals by the DNA vaccine-prime and Ad-boost protocol provided neither effective immune responses nor protection against PrV. Similarly, boosting with Ad-gB following immunization with DNA vaccine-prime and Ad-boost showed no significant responses. Moreover, whereas the administration of Ad-gB for primary immunization induced Th2-type-biased immunity, priming with pCIgB induced Th1-type-biased immunity, as judged by the production of PrV-specific IgG isotypes and cytokine IFN-$\gamma$. These results indicate that the order and injection frequency of vaccine vehicles used for heterologous prime-boost vaccination affect the magnitude and nature of the immunity. Therefore, our demonstration implies that the prime-boost protocol should be carefully considered and selected to induce the desired immune responses.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

Fucoidan(후코이단)은 주로 갈조류에서 추출되는 fucose를 함유한 함황 다당류의 일종으로, 항균, 항바이러스 및 항종양 효과와 함께 다양한 경로로 면역력을 향상시키는 생리 기능성물질로 알려져 있다. 최근 연구에 따르면, 인체 백신 분야에서는 fucoidan의 백신 adjuvant(항원보조제)로서의 가능성이 제시되었다. 수산업 분야에서는, 보조사료로서의 fucoidan의 기능에 관한 연구는 보고되고 있으나, 수산용 백신 개발을 위한 adjuvant 연구는 전무한 실정이다. 동물세포에서 fucoidan의 adjuvant에 대한 긍정적인 검토와 함께 안전성을 증명한 연구는 많이 있지만, fucoidan을 어류 백신용 adjuvant로 사용하기 위해서는 어류에서도 이를 확인할 필요가 있다. 또한 fucoidan의 분자량에 따라 세포 내 흡수율이 각기 다르다는 점과 병원체의 인위감염에 따른 항체 생성을 포함한 어류의 특이면역 반응 시스템에 대한 연구가 많이 부족하다는 제약이 있다. 따라서 이러한 분야에 대한 적극적인 연구가 뒷받침 된다면 안전하고 효과적인 adjuvant로 사용할 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 fucoidan이 사람과 동물을 포함하여 어류의 면역자극 즉 체액성 및 세포성 면역에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구를 검토하고, 수산업 분야에서 fucoidan의 사용과 어류 백신용 adjuvant로서의 가능성을 고찰하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.242-248
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• 2013

Varicella (chickenpox) is a highly contagious airborne disease caused by primary infection with the varicella zoster virus (VZV). Following the resolution of chickenpox, the virus can remain dormant in the dorsal sensory and cranial ganglion for decades. Shingles (herpes zoster [HZ]) is a neurocutaneous disease caused by reactivation of latent VZV and may progress to postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), which is characterized by dermatomal pain persisting for more than 120 days after the onset of HZ rash, or "well-established PHN", which persist for more than 180 days. Vaccination with an attenuated form of VZV activates specific T-cell production, thereby avoiding viral reactivation and development of HZ. It has been demonstrated to reduce the occurrence by approximately 50-70%, the duration of pain of HZ, and the frequency of subsequent PHN in individuals aged ${\geq}50$ years in clinical studies. However, it has not proved efficacious in preventing repeat episodes of HZ and reducing the severity of PHN, nor has its long-term efficacy been demonstrated. The most frequent adverse reactions reported for HZ vaccination were injection site pain and/or swelling and headache. In addition, it should not be administrated to children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised persons or those allergic to neomycin or any component of the vaccine.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.209-215
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• 2006

The mutability and frequency of genetic reassortment characteristic of rotavirus and resultant antigenic changes make the rotavirus formidable challenges for control efforts such as the vaccine development. An alternative approach to overcome these difficulties in development of the rotavirus vaccine is to develop effective inhibitors of the virus infection. As an effort to achieve this, effects of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), which is an active component of glycyrrhizin, on MA-14 cell infection were examined by employing the human rotavirus isolated from Korea, K-21. The data obtained showed that MA-104 cell infection of the K-21 rotavirus was greatly influenced by the presence of both $18{\alpha}-Ga\;and\;18{\beta}-GA$. Both types of GA have inhibited more than 60% of the rotaviral infection at the concentration of 7.68mM. This inhibition effect became much more evident at the higher concentrations of GA. However, the type of GA did not make much differences on the inhibition effect of the drug. Although GA has to be used in high concentrations to exhibit anti-viral activity and to be virostatic, a long history of safe and high dose usage of licoriece in clinical settings in the Far East makes the GA as an attractive inhibitor of the rotaviral infection.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.964-967
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• 2008

Two structural protein genes, VP19 and VP466, of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) were cloned and expressed in Sf21 insect cells using a baculovirus expression system for the development of injection and oral feeding vaccines against WSSV for shrimps. The cumulative mortalities of the shrimps vaccinated by the injection of rVP19 and rVP466 at 15 days after the challenge with WSSV were 50.2% and 51.8%, respectively. For the vaccination by oral feeding of rVP19 and rVP466, the cumulative mortalities were 49.2% and 89.2%, respectively. These results show that protection against WSSV can be generated in the shrimp, using the viral structural protein as a protein vaccine.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.596-616
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• 2021

A global increase in fish consumption has led to a rapid expansion of aquaculture production, which has been linked to enhancing the spread of infectious diseases. Viral diseases can cause high mortality in many cultured fish species, posing a serious threat to the aquaculture industry. Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is one of the primary threats to aquacultured salmonid species, causing huge economic losses. Since the first report in cultured sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka during the 1950s in North America, IHNV has spread to other regions, including Europe, Asia, South America, and Africa by transportation of infected fish and eggs, causing disease and increasing mortality in a wide variety of salmonid species. Here, we review existing information relevant to IHNV: its phylogenetic characteristics, origin, infection history, virulence determinants, susceptible hosts, vectors, and vaccine development. This review also addresses a possible cross-species transmission of IHNV to a new host, olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, a cultured fish of economic importance in East Asian countries.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.981-991
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• 2023

Monkeypox (Mpox) virus, a member of the Poxviridae family, causes a severe illness similar to smallpox, which is characterized by symptoms such as high fever, rash, and pustules. Human-to-human transmission cases have been reported but remained low since the first recorded case of human infection occurred in the Congo in 1970. Recently, Mpox has re-emerged, leading to an alarming surge in infections worldwide since 2022, originating in the United Kingdom. Consequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the '2022-23 Mpox outbreak'. Currently, no specific therapy or vaccine is available for Mpox. Therefore, patients infected with Mpox are treated using conventional therapies developed for smallpox. However, the vaccines developed for smallpox have demonstrated only partial efficacy against Mpox, allowing viral transmission among humans. In this review, we discuss the current epidemiology of the ongoing Mpox outbreak and provide an update on the progress made in diagnosis, treatment, and development of vaccines for Mpox.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1995년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.77-77
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• 1995

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) contains several nonstructural genes which are required for the viral replication and disease pathogenesis. Among them, tat and nef genes encode an essential transactivator of HIV-1 LTR and a pluripotent protein which seems to be essential for the in vivo but not in vitro viral replication, respectively. We constructed two tat and n of defective HIV-1 and tested for their ability to replicate in several T cells. The defective viruses did not replicate in CD4$\^$+/ T cells, but rescued in the recombinant Jurkat-tat cell which also contains tat gene. The replication of tat and nef defective HIV-1 which expresses chloramphenicol acetyltransferase(CAT) gene was easily detected by a sensitive CAT assay. No revertant was identified during the passages of the mutant viruses for more than two months in Jurkat-tat cells. tat and n of defective HIV-1 could be used instead of wild type viruse for several purposes such as inhibitor screening and development of attenuated AIDS vaccine.