• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.69-83
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• 2000

A survey analysis of children's home video usage was carried out for 659 parents who have four to six year old children. Descriptive analysis and chi-square tests were used to answer research questions. The results showed that 90% children enjoyed watching video and parental mediation of children's video programming selection and coviewing was differed by children's age and birth order. Children's preferences for video programming were also differed by their sex, age, and birth order. For example, male children enjoyed violent video programming most, on the other hand, female children enjoyed non-violent video programming most. Furthermore, children's imitation behavior after watching video programming were differed an sex and age. For example, male children imitated video programming more than female children did. Implications are discussed.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.173-192
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• 2009

As video games gain popularity and become a normal part of home entertainment, concern about youth access to inappropriate games continues to grow. Some people have claimed that violent video games influence children's aggressive behavior and that violent video games have some responsibility for violence in the school. In response to people's concerns, the video game industry created a video game rating system in 1995 to help parents decide which video games are appropriate for their children. This study investigated whether parents were aware of the video game rating system and how often they have used it when selecting video games for their children. This study attempted to find relationships among parents' attitudes toward video games, their guidance styles for their children's video game play, and their use of the video game rating system. This study found that most parents have used the video game ratings very frequently when they select video games for their children. But many parents still don't understand the video game rating system. This study showed that parents who had more negative attitudes or less positive attitudes toward video games were more likely to impose restrictions on their children's video game play and to use the video game rating system as a means to restrict their children's access to violent video games.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.321-334
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• 2005

This research investigated television and video viewing of young children in early childhood all-day program settings and teachers' recognition of its effects on young children through the survey of 452 early childhood teachers. The results show that television and video viewing is used as a whole group activity during transition period and/or waiting time activity for children who come earlier in the morning and remain late until closing time. It means television and video viewing at early childhood settings is mainly used as a group baby sitter or pacifier. Daily viewing time is about 44.02 minutes and early childhood teachers show low recognition of their role in children's viewing habits. Young children's viewing patterns and time are differed by teachers' variables so that young children of beginning teachers at small size settings appear more viewing time. Teachers show more negative recognition of television and video viewing on young children when they are older and have higher educational level and longer education experiences. The results also show that the more teachers have positive recognition on television and video viewing, the more young children are exposed to television and video viewing in their classes.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.63-71
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• 2002

This study is an investigation of children's video and computer games usage. The respondents included 286 third and fourth grade children, of whom 152 were boys and 134 were girls. The participants were selected from a pair of elementary schools in Seoul. The instruments used consisted of children's self-reported computer game use and their evaluations of the video and computer games. I employed frequencies, percentiles, means, Chi-squares, 1-tests, one-way ANOVA, and the Scheffe Test. Ninety-five percent of the children interviewed reported having played video and computer games. Among these children, most reported that they played the games 2 to 3 times per week for 112 to 1 hour each time. The most common reasons given for playing was 'fun'. The most popularly played games included themes of action, adventure, violence, and competition. There was a significant gender difference in playing and usage. Boys played games longer than the girls. Boys played the games with their friends while the girls played the games with their siblings. Children who played these games longer perceived themselves to be faster, more attentive, and more stable than children who played for a shorter period of time.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.231-244
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• 1999

This study examined the effects of short and long term playing of video gamer on children's visual parallel processing. All of the 64 fourth grade subjects were above average in IQ. They were classified into high and low video game users. Instruments were a visual parallel processing task consisting of imagery integration items, computers, and the arcade video game, Pac-Man. Subjects were pre-tested with a visual parallel processing task. After one week, the experimental group played video games for 15 minutes, but the control group didn't play. Immediately following this, all children were post-tested by the same task used on the pretest. The data was analyzed by ANCOVA and repeated measures ANOVA. The results showed that relaying short-term video games improved visual parallel processing and that long term experience with video games also affected visual parallel processing. there were no differences between high and low users in visual parallel processing after playing short term video games.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.9
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• pp.53-66
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to identify how characteristics of young children (sex, age, temperament), mothers (employed or unemployed, intimacy between mother and child, parenting attitudes), and home environment (pet, TV/Video viewing) relate to young children's empathy and to examine the relative effects of then variables on young children's empathy. The subjects for this study were 300 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds selected from kindergartens and day-care centers in Busan. Data were analyzed via t-test, correlation, and multiple regression. Results showed that girls had higher empathy score than boys. Young children's empathy was positively correlated with the sociability of young child's temperament, intimacy between mother and young child, reasoning guidance, affect, achievement of parenting attitudes, and parental intervention toward young child after TV/video viewing. However, young children's empathy was correlated negatively with authoritarian control of parenting attitudes. Among then variables, young children's sex was the most significant variable.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.513-519
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• 2014

Videoconferencing technology is increasingly used in classrooms to introduce children to people from other countries and cultures in order to provide a wider learning experience. However, with traditional screen-based video conferencing technology, research has shown that it is easy for students to miss non-verbal cues that play a key role in developing human relationships. To investigate how children interact differently when their interactions are mediated through screen-based video communication versus robot-mediated communication, we conducted a study with elementary students in Korea, comparing the use of both technologies to introduce classroom students with peer-aged individuals in America. Our findings show that the children displayed more positive emotions during certain tasks and exhibited more interest and intimacy to remote participants in the context of robot-mediated communication than with video-mediated communication.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.55-68
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• 1994

A survey analysis of home video games was carried out for 1,018 elementary school children. Children responded to a questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic variables, degree of game participation(frequency and mean time), control behavior(eg. resting during games, lightening interior), and physical symptoms(eg. eyestrain, headache, trembling, paralyses) during and/or after playing games. Statistical analysis was done by frequency, percentile, and chitest. The results showed that many children enjoyed video games frequently and played continually, that few children did control behavior during games. Main variables related to degree of game playing and control behavior were sex, game experience, parent's education, and mother's activity. In particular, the results implied that the level of physical symptoms during and/or after game differed by lighting factors.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.73-94
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• 2004

The study examined the effects of an intervention program for improving mother-child interaction behaviors of mothers with developmentally delayed young children. The program consisted of three main activities, lectures for good parenting, video-feedback of mother-child interactions, and consultation for problem behaviors of children. The subjects were 4 mothers of 5-6 years old children with developmental delays who were referred to a social competence program of a child counseling center. The mothers were identified to have problematic mother-child interaction behaviors through clinical interviews. The program ran for 16 sessions, one parent group leader implemented each session for 90-120 minutes once a week. The videotaped data of mother-child interactions for 10 minutes every 4 sessions were estimated by Maternal Behavior Rating Scale(MBRS) and qualitatively analyzed by transcription of communications between mothers and their children. It concluded that the intervention program enhanced mother-child interaction behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.55
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• pp.87-111
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• 2016

This study aimed to examine how video-recorded hearsay statements are taken in trial with regard to testimony of children less than the age of 13 in terms of children's rights, and to assess policy implications for the purpose of improving the current system. This study analyzed the precedents in accordance with their facts and contents. The analysis of the contents dealt with the main issues of trials concerning the sexual violence of children less than the age of 13. Specifically, This study selected precedents dealing with video-recorded hearsay statements, which are children's indirect statement, as core legal issues; examined the credibility(probative power) and admissibility of video-recorded statements; and prepared systemic alternatives in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, the international standards for the protection of children's rights. As a result, this study proposed creating and utilizing indicators to assess evidence admissibility and the credibility of video-recoded statements in trial, thus reducing judgement through judges' discretion. Also proposed are new regulations with regard to cross-examination coverage of the hearsay statement of a child in a sexual violence trial of concerning children less than the age of 13. This study suggests an improvement in legal policies, based given that children's rights are more vulnerable than those of adults in trial. Nevertheless, this study is limited in that it selected and reviewed only among precedents that are in the public record.