• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.268-277
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose a new video watermarking method exploiting the human visual system (HVS) to find effective locations. in the video frames which make the watermark robust and imperceptible simultaneously. In particular, we propose a new HVS-optimized weighting map for hiding the watermark by considering HVS in three different aspects : frequency, spatial, and motion masking effects. The global masking map is modeled by combining the frequency masking, the spatial masking, and the motion masking. In this paper, we use a watermark which is generated by the bitwise exclusive-OR operation between a logo image and a random sequence. The amount of watermarks is weighted by a control parameter. Furthermore, we embed the watermark in the uncompressed video sequence for the general watermarking method available to various coding schemes. Simulation results show that the watermark is imperceptible and the proposed method is good for watermark capacity. It is also demonstrated that the proposed method is robust against various attacks, such as MPEG coding, MPEG re-encoding, and frame attacks.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.10B no.5
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• pp.491-496
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• 2003

We present a new watermark design tool for digital images and digital videos that are based on human visual system (HVS) characteristics. In this tool, basic mechanisms (inhibitory and excitatory behaviour of cells) of HVS are used to determine image dependent upper bound values on watermark insertion. This allows us to insert maximai allowable transparent watermark, which in turn is extremely hard to attack with common image processing, Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) compression. As the number of details (e.g. edges) increases in an image, the HVS decrease its sensitivity to the details. In the same manner, as the number of motion increases in a video signal, the HVS decrease its sensitivity to the motions. We model this decreased sensitivity to the details and motions as an (motion) entropy masking. Entropy masking model can be efficiently used to increase the robustness of image and video watermarks. We have shown that our entropy-masking model provides watermark scheme with increased transparency and henceforth increased robustness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.163-168
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 워터마크의 기본적인 요구사항인 비가시성(invisibility)을 유지하면서 강인함(robustness)을 최대로 하기 위해 워터마크를 삽입할 때 인간시각 특성(Human Visual System, HVS)을 이용한다. 특히, 주파수 마스킹(frequency masking), 공간 마스킹(spatial masking), 그리고 움직임 마스킹(motion masking)을 결합한 전역마스킹(global masking) 기법을 제안한다. 주파수 마스킹은 프레임을 DCT 변환한 후 주파수 민감도 표(frequency sensitivity table)를 이용해 위치 정보를 구한다. 공간 마스킹은 밝기(luminance) 및 윤곽선(edge) 정보를 이용해서 구하며. 움직임 마스킹은 이웃하는 프레임간의 움직임 변화를 이용하여 프레임간의 상관성을 고려한다. 본 논문에서는 키(key) 값에 의해 발생된 랜덤시퀀스와 로고의 배타적 논리합(exclusive OR)에 의해 결합된 워터마크를 전역 마스킹 결과에 따라 압축되지 않은 비디오 프레임에 직접 적용했으며, 실험을 통해 MPEG 부호화 및 재부호화 공격에 대해서 제안한 방법이 강인함을 확인했다.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2024

This paper proposes an artificial intelligence-based personal information area object detection optimization method in an embedded system to de-identify personal information in video data. As an object detection optimization method, first, in order to increase the detection rate for personal information areas when detecting objects, a gyro sensor is used to collect the shooting angle of the image data when acquiring the image, and the image data is converted into a horizontal image through the collected shooting angle. Based on this, each learning model was created according to changes in the size of the image resolution of the learning data and changes in the learning method of the learning engine, and the effectiveness of the optimal learning model was selected and evaluated through an experimental method. As a de-identification method, a shuffling-based masking method was used, and double-key-based encryption of the masking information was used to prevent restoration by others. In order to reuse the original image, the original image could be restored through a security key. Through this, we were able to secure security for high personal information areas and improve usability through original image restoration. The research results of this paper are expected to contribute to industrial use of data without personal information leakage and to reducing the cost of personal information protection in industrial fields using video through de-identification of personal information areas included in video data.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.2961-2967
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• 2014

Nowadays, a private protection act has come into effect which demands for the protection of personal image information obtained by the CCTV. According to this act, the object out of interest has to be mosaicked such that it can not be identified before the image is sent to the investigation office. Meanwhile, the demand for digital videos obtained by CCTV is also increasing for digital forensic. Therefore, due to the two conflicting demands, the demand for a solution which can automatically mask an object in the CCTV video is increasing and related IT industry is expected to grow. The core technology in developing a target masking solution is the object tracking technique. In this paper, we propose an object tracking technique which suits for the application of CCTV video object masking as a postprocess. The proposed method simultaneously uses the motion and the color information to produce a stable tracking result. Furthermore, the proposed method is based on the centroid shifting method, which is a fast color based tracking method, and thus the overall tracking becomes fast.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.98-105
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• 2011

Recent advances in computer technologies support real-time image processing and special effects on personal computers. This paper presents and analyzes a real-time interactive video system. The motivation of this work is to realize an artistic concept that aims at transforming the timeline visual variations in a video of sea water waves into sound in order to provide an audience with an experience of overlapping themselves onto the nature. In practice, the video of sea water waves taken on a beach is processed using an optical flow algorithm in order to extract the information of visual variations between the video frames. This is then masked by the silhouette of an audience and the result is projected on a gallery space. The intensity information is extracted from the resulting video and translated into piano sounds accordingly. This work generates an interactive space realizing the intended concept.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.468-477
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• 2014

This paper proposes a novel perceptual quality-based (PQ-based) video coding method with foveated contrast sensitivity (FCS). Conventional methods on PQ-based video coding with FCS achieve minimum loss on perceptual quality of compressed video by exploiting the property of human visual system (HVS), that is, its sensitivity differs by the spatial frequency of visual stimuli. On the other hand, PQ-based video coding with foveated masking (FM) exploits the difference of the sensitivity of the HVS between the central vision and the peripheral vision. In this study, a novel FCS model is proposed which considers both the conventional DCT-based JND model and the FM model. Psychological study is conducted to construct the proposed FCS model, and the proposed model is applied to PQ-based video coding algorithm implemented on HM10.0 reference software. Experimental results show that the proposed method decreases bitrate by the average of 10% without loss on the perceptual quality.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.147-161
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• 2022

Video on demand (VOD) platforms provide immersive, inspiring, and commercial-free binge watching experiences. Recently, the number of these platform users increased dramatically as users can enjoy various contents without physical and time constraints during COVID-19. However, such platforms do not provide sufficient video censorship services while there is a strong need. In this study, we investigated the users' desire for video censorship when choosing and watching movies on VOD platforms, and how video censorship can be applied to different types of scenes to increase the censoring effect without diminishing the enjoyment. We first conducted an online survey with 98 respondents to identify the types of discomfort while watching sexual, violent, or drug-related scenes. We then conducted an in-depth online interview with 18 participants to identify the effective video filtering types and regions for each of the three scenes. Based on the findings, we suggest implications for designing a censor application for videos that contain uncomfortable scenes.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.141-146
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• 2022

The iris, a biometric information, is safe, unique, and reliable, such as fingerprints, and is personal information that can significantly lower the misrecognition rate than other biometric authentication. However, due to the nature of biometric authentication, it is impossible to replace it if it is stolen. There is a case in which an actual iris photo is taken and 3d printed so that the eyes work as if they were in front of the camera. As such, there is a possibility of iris leakage through high-definition images and photos. In this paper, we propose to improve iris masking performance by supplementing iris region masking research based on existing blurring techniques. Based on the results derived in this study, it is expected that it can be used for the security of video conference programs and electronic devices.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Communication Sciences Conference
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• 2004.07a
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• pp.344-344
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• 2004