• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2000.06a
• /
• pp.301-308
• /
• 2000

The power flow analysis(PFA) has been performed to analyze the vibration of coupled plates excited by a point force in an arbitrry direction. The energy governing equations for longitudinal, shear and flexural waves were solved to predict the vibrational energy density and intensity. The wave transmission approach was used to consider the mode conversion at the joints of the coupled plates. Numerical results for energy density and intensity on the coupled plates were presented. Comparison of the results by PFA with exact results showed that PFA can be an effective tool to predict the spatial variation of the vibrational energy and intensity on the coupled plates at high frequencies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
• /
• 2000.11a
• /
• pp.1-2
• /
• 2000

In chip plating, several parameters must be taken into consideration. Current density, solution concentration, pH, solution temperature, components volume, chip and media ratio, barrel geometrical shape were most likely found to have an effect to the process yields. The 3 types of barrels utilized in chip plating industry are the onventional rotating barrel, vibrational barrel(vibarrel), and the centrifugal type. Conventional rotating barrel is a close type and is commonly used. The components inside the barrel are circulated by the barrel's rotation at a horizontal axis. Process yield has known to have higher thickness deviation. The vibrational barrel is an open type which offers a wide exposure to electrolyte resulting to a stable thickness deviation. It rotates in a vertical axis coupled with multi-vibration action to facilitate mixed up and easy transportation of components. The centrifugal barrel has its plated work centrifugally compacted against the cathode ring for superior electrical contact with simultaneous rotary motion. This experiment has determined the effect of barrel vibration intensity to the plating thickness distribution. The procedures carried out in the experiment involved the overall plating process., cleaning, rinse, Nickel plating, Tin-Lead plating. Plating time was adjusted to meet the required specification. All other parameters were maintained constant. Two trials were performed to confirm the consistency of the result. The thickness data of the experiment conducted showed thatbthe average mean value obtained from higher vibrational intensity is nearer to the standard mean. The distribution curve shown has a narrower specification limits and it has a reduced variation around the target value. Generally, intensity control in vi-barrel facilitates mixed up and easy transportation of components. However, it is desirable to maintain an optimum vibration intensity to prevent solution intrusion into the chips' internal electrode. A cathodic reaction can occur in the interface of the external and internal electrode. 2H20 + e $\rightarrow$M/TEX> 20H + H2.. Hydrogen can penetrate into the body and create pressure which can cause cracks. At high intensity, the chip's motion becomes stronger, its contact between each other is delayed and so plating action is being controlled. However, the strong impact created by its collision can damage the external electrode's structure there by resulting to bad plating condition.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.10
• /
• pp.1082-1090
• /
• 2008

In this paper, a general solution for the vibrational energy and intensity distribution through a compliant and dissipative joint between plate structures is derived on the basis of energy flow analysis (EFA). The joints are modeled by four sets of springs and dashpots to show their compliancy and dissipation in all four degrees of freedom. First, for the EFA, the power transmission and reflection coefficients for the joint on coupled plate structures connected at arbitrary angles were derived by the wave transmission approach. In numerical applications, EFA is performed using the derived coefficients for coupled plate structures under various joint properties, excitation frequencies, coupling angles, and internal loss factors. Numerical results of the vibrational energy distribution showed that the developed compliant and dissipative joint model successfully predicted the joint characteristics of practical structures vibrating in the medium-to-high frequency ranges. Moreover, the intensity distribution of a compliant and dissipative joint is described.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2001.05a
• /
• pp.78-84
• /
• 2001

In this paper, Power Flow Boundary Element Method(PFBEM) has been developed for one and two dimensional noise and vibration problems in the medium to high frequency ranges. Green functions used for PFBEM are the fundamental solutions of energy governing equations. Both direct and indirect methods of PFBEM have been formulated and numerically applied to predict the vibrational energy density and intensity distributions of simple beams, rectangular plates and L-type plates.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2002.05a
• /
• pp.1177-1184
• /
• 2002

In this paper, power flow analysis method on the various types of thin shell has been developed to solve vibrational Problems in the medium to high frequency ranges. Energy governing equations have been derived both for out-of plane and in-plane waves in thin shell. These results have been numerically applied to predict the vibrational energy density and intensity distributions of cylindrical, spherical and doubly-curved shells.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.282-288
• /
• 2013

The molecular vibration-activity relationship in the receptor-ligand interaction of adenosine receptors was investigated by structure similarity, molecular vibration, and hierarchical clustering in a dataset of 46 ligands of adenosine receptors. The resulting dendrogram was compared with those of another kind of fingerprint or descriptor. The dendrogram result produced by corralled intensity of molecular vibrational frequency outperformed four other analyses in the current study of adenosine receptor agonism and antagonism. The tree that was produced by clustering analysis of molecular vibration patterns showed its potential for the functional classification of adenosine receptor ligands.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2001.11b
• /
• pp.1061-1066
• /
• 2001

To predict vibrational energy density and intensity of beam-plate coupled complex structures in medium-to-high frequency ranges, Power Flow Finite Element Method(PFFEM) programs for plate, beam and some coupled structural elements are developed. The flexural, longitudinal and shear waves in plates are formulated and the joint element equations for multi-couped plates are fully developed. Also the wave transmission approach has been introduced to cover the energy transmission and reflection at the joint elements. Using the developed PFFEM program, vibration analysis for 2300TEU container ship model is performed and here the model data for this program are obtained by converting fonner FE model for structural analysis. This program predicts successfully the vibrational energy density and intensity upto 8,000 Hz for the ship model with over 50,000 DOF.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
• /
• 1999.10a
• /
• pp.15-15
• /
• 1999

In chip plating, several parameters must be taken into consideration. Current density, solution concentration, pH, solution temperature, components volume, chip and media ratio, barrel geometrical shape were most likely found to have an effect to the process yields. The 3 types of barrels utilized in chip plating industry are the conventional rotating barrel. vibrational barrel (vibarrel), and the centrifugal type. Conventional rotating barrel is a close type and is commonly used. The components inside the barrel are circulated by the barrel's rotation at a horizontal axis. Process yield has known to have higher thickness deviation. The vibrational barrel is an open type which offers a wide exposure to electrolyte resulting to a stable thickness deviation. It rotates in a vertical axis coupled with multi-vibration action to facilitate mixed up and easy transportation of components, The centrifugal barrel has its plated work centrifugally compacted against the cathode ring for superior electrical contact with simultaneous rotary motion. This experiment has determined the effect of barrel vibration intensity to the plating thickness distribution. The procedures carried out in the experiment involved the overall plating process., cleaning, rinse, Nickel plating, Tin-Lead plating. Plating time was adjusted to meet the required specification. All other parameters were maintained constant. Two trials were performed to confirm the consistency of the result. The thickness data of the experiment conducted showed that the average mean value obtained from higher vibrational intensity is nearer to the standard mean. The distribution curve shown has a narrower specification limits and it has a reduced variation around the target value, Generally, intensity control in vi-barrel facilitates mixed up and easy transportation of components, However, it is desirable to maintain an optimum vibration intensity to prevent solution intrusion into the chips' internal electrode. A cathodic reaction can occur in the interface of the external and internal electrode. $2HD{\;}+{\;}e{\;}{\rightarrow}20H{\;}+{\;}H_2$ Hydrogen can penetrate into the body and create pressure which can cause cracks. At high intensity, the chip's motion becomes stronger, its contact between each other is delayed and so plating action is being controlled. However, the strong impact created by its collision can damage the external electrode's structure thereby resulting to bad plating condition. 1 lot of chip was divided into two equal partion. Each portion was loaded to the same barrel one after the other. Nickel plating and tin-lead plating was performed in the same station. Portion A maintained the normal barrel vibration intensity and portion B vibration intensity was increased two steps higher. All other parameters, current, solution condition were maintained constant. Generally, plating method find procedures were carried out in a best way to maintained the best plating condition. After plating, samples were taken out from each portion. molded and polished. Plating thickness was investigated for both. To check consistency of results. 2nd trial was done now using different lot of another characteristics.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.202-206
• /
• 1998

The p-fluorotoluene was vibronically excited in a jet with a buffer gas He in a corona excited supersonic expansion. The vibronic emission spectrum of the jet cooled p-fluorotoluene in the transition of S1 → S0 has been recorded with a Fourier transform spectrometer in the uv region. The spectrum observed was analyzed to obtain accurate vibrational frequencies in the ground electronic state by comparing with those reported previously. The origin of the low frequency sequence bands observed in this work was discussed. Also, the absence of significant intensity of hot band resulting from the excited vibrational states in the spectrum suggests extensive vibrational cooling in the source.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.63-86
• /
• 2023

Structural health monitoring and damage detection are essential for assessing, maintaining, and rehabilitating structures. Most of the existing damage detection approaches compare the current state structural response with the undamaged vibrational structural response, which is unsuitable for old and existing structures where undamaged vibrational responses are absent. One of the approaches for existing structures, numerical model updating/inverse modelling, available in the literature, is limited to numerical studies with high-end software. In this study, an attempt is made to study the effectiveness of the model updating technique, simplify modelling complexity, and economize its usability. The optimization-based detection problem is addressed by using programmable open-sourced code, OpenSees^® and a derivative-free optimization code, NOMAD^®. Modal analysis is used for damage identification of beam-like structures with several damage scenarios. The performance of the proposed methodology is validated both numerically and experimentally. The proposed method performs satisfactorily in identifying both locations and intensity of damage in structures.