• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.386-393
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• 2014

Possible cross-transmission of hospital-associated enterococci between human patients, medical staff, and hospital environments has been extensively studied. However, limited information is available for veterinary hospital-associated Enterococcus isolates. This study investigated the possibility of cross-transmission of antibiotic-resistant enterococci between dog patients, their owners, veterinary staff, and hospital environments. Swab samples (n=465) were obtained from five veterinary hospitals in Seoul, Korea, during 2011. Forty-three Enterococcus strains were isolated, representing seven enterococcal species. E. faecalis and E. faecium were the most dominant species (16 isolates each, 37.2%). Although slight differences in the antibiotic resistance profiles were observed between the phenotypic and the genotypic data, our antibiogram analysis demonstrated high prevalence of the multiple drug-resistant (MDR) isolates of E. faecalis (10/16 isolates, 62.5%) and E. faecium (12/16 isolates, 75.0%). Pulsed-field gel electrophoretic comparison of the MDR isolates revealed three different clonal sets of E. faecalis and a single set of E. faecium, which were isolated from different sample groups or dog patients at the same or two separate veterinary hospitals. These results imply a strong possibility of cross-transmission of the antibiotic-resistant enterococcal species between animal patients, owners, veterinary staff, and hospital environments.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2020

This study assessed the effects of probiotics in canine atopic dermatitis (AD). We enrolled 11 client-owned dogs with AD and randomly allocated them to two groups. The probiotics group (n = 7) was prescribed with Bifidobacterium longum while the control group (n = 4) received a placebo powder once a day for 12 weeks. In both groups, the degree of skin lesions was evaluated based on the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI)-4. We also measured the transepidermal water loss (TEWL). We assessed pruritus severity using the pruritus visual analog scale (PVAS). Alteration of consumed drug doses was converted into medication scores. All the evaluation indices were surveyed every 4 weeks. In the probiotics group, there was a significant decrease in the CADESI-4 score at 4, 8, and 12 weeks compared to that of the baseline score (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in TEWL, PVAS, and medication score at each time point and between groups. Although these results showed that Bifidobacterium longum did not reduce pruritus, TEWL, and the dosage of drugs for canine AD, it was effective in improving skin lesions, therefore, probiotics could be considered in canine AD with severe skin symptoms.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2018

This study reviewed the regulatory safety management system for prevention of side effects of veterinary medical devices in Korea based on data obtained through analyses of those medical devices. In order to ensure the safety of medical devices, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety has established the management system include licensing, test inspection (134 designated clinical trial agencies) and post management. In addition, it was introduce the good manufacture practice (GMP) certification system and device tracking requirements. In contrast, it is necessary to establish regulations for side effects report and awareness on veterinary medical devices in Korea. The center for veterinary medicine of FDA in the United States has been operated side effects reporting system of veterinary medical devices from user, manufactures and distributor. Due to increase the use of various kinds of veterinary medical devices for animals, it should be required to improve regulation related to the licensing procedures, GMP system, and the side effects reporting system in our country.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.149-149
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• 2002

Epidemiologically the incidence of liver cancer is markedly sex-differentiated, with a much higher frequency in men than in women. In experimental animals, it is also higher in male than in female irrespective of carcinogen-induced or spontaneous tumors. Therefore, we tried to investigate the modulating effects of sex hormones in experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. For induction of liver tumors, mini-osmotic pump containing diethylnitrosamine at a dose level of 47.5mg was implanted into the peritoneal cavity of the rat at 6 weeks old. To remove the effects of male sex hormones, the animals of group 2 were castrated one week prior to DEN treatment. To see the effects of estrogen, pellet containing 1g or 10g of estradiol-3-benzoate was infused subcutaneously to the animals of group 3 and 4 one week prior to DEN treatment. The pellets were exchanged every 4 weeks until sacrifice. All animals were sacrificed at 26 weeks after DEN treatment. The tumor incidences in group 1 (DEN alone), group 2 (DEN +castration), group 3(DEN +EB 1g) and group 4 (DEN +EB 10g) were 100％ (15/15), 93.3％ (14/15), 85.7％ (12/14) and 66.7％ (10/15), respectively, showing that the value of group 4 is significantly different from that of group 1. Tumor multiplicity data of group 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 5.470.73, 2.800.51, 2.070.41 and 1.670.46, respectively, showing castration or EB treatment reduced number of liver tumors significantly (P<0.001). With immunohistochemistry and Western blotting of ER the expressions were detected in normal adjacent liver cells but decreased or lost in tumor cells. From these results we conclude that female sex hormone, especially estrogen, may act as a liver tumor suppressor, and it seemed that the down regulation of ER may be associated with liver tumor development.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.472-475
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• 2009

A 3-year old, female Cocker Spaniel dog was referred to Seoul National University Hospital for Animals with depression and vomiting. The dog was diagnosed as hypoadrenocorticism based on the typical electrolyte alteration and the result of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test. Initial treatment with oral fludrocortisone at a dose rate of 0.02 mg/kg/q24h for 6 weeks period was ineffective at maintaining serum electrolyte concentrations within normal limits. Although a dose rate of oral fludrocortisone was significantly increased up to 0.06 mg/kg/q24h during 24 weeks period, the treatment was still ineffective. Moreover, the patient showed side effects related to the glucocorticoid excess including PU/PD, weight gain and lipemia. After alternation with desoxycorticosterone pivalate (DOCP, 2.2 mg/kg, IM) every 25 day, the clinical signs was disappeared and the electrolyte balance was maintain with no side effect. Therefore, DOCP may be suggested as an effective drug in canine hypoadrenocorticism uncontrolled with oral fludrocortisone.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.271-281
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• 2021

Pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one among the most important agents of diarrhea in calves. From January to December 2021, 108 isolates from feces of calves with diarrhea were investigated for enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) using real-time PCR. In addition, the genes for F5, F17 and F41 fimbriae were detected by PCR. The most frequently isolated pathotypes were EPEC/STEC (29 isolates), and ETEC/EPEC/STEC (29 isolates). ETEC/EPEC, and ETEC/STEC were also found in 10 isolates. EPEC, STEC, and ETEC were detected in 13, 11, and 6 respectively. EAEC, and EIEC was not detected. Antimicrobial resistance test was carried out by agar disc diffusion method with 14 antimicrobials. Among 108 pathogenic E. coli isolates, 107 isolates were resistant to at least one of 14 antibiotics used in this study, 99 (91.7%) were resistant to two or more antimicrobials, and a single remarkable isolate was resistant to 14 antimicrobials. The isolates were primarily resistant to penicillins, streptomycin, tetracycline, ceftiofur, Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, Kanamycin, and Ciprofloxacin. The high rate of resistance in pathogenic E. coli, sometimes to multiple drugs, may complicate future options for treating human infections. These results may bu used for diagnosis and therpeitic purposes in calves with diarrhea.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.44.1-44.17
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• 2023

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a significant public health concern around the globe. Antimicrobial peptides exhibit broad-spectrum and efficient antibacterial activity with an added advantage of low drug resistance. The higher water content and 3D network structure of the hydrogels are beneficial for maintaining antimicrobial peptide activity and help to prevent degradation. The antimicrobial peptide released from hydrogels also hasten the local wound healing by promoting epithelial tissue regeneration and granulation tissue formation. Objective: This study aimed at developing sodium alginate based hydrogel loaded with a novel antimicrobial peptide Chol-37(F34-R) and to investigate the characteristics in vitro and in vivo as an alternative antibacterial wound dressing to treat infectious wounds. Methods: Hydrogels were developed and optimized by varying the concentrations of crosslinkers and subjected to various characterization tests like cross-sectional morphology, swelling index, percent water contents, water retention ratio, drug release and antibacterial activity in vitro, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected wound mice model in vivo. Results: The results indicated that the hydrogel C proved superior in terms of cross-sectional morphology having uniformly sized interconnected pores, a good swelling index, with the capacity to retain a higher quantity of water. Furthermore, the optimized hydrogel has been found to exert a significant antimicrobial activity against bacteria and was also found to prevent bacterial infiltration into the wound site due to forming an impermeable barrier between the wound bed and external environment. The optimized hydrogel was found to significantly hasten skin regeneration in animal models when compared to other treatments in addition to strong inhibitory effect on the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α). Conclusions: Our results suggest that sodium alginate -based hydrogels loaded with Chol-37(F34-R) hold the potential to be used as an alternative to conventional antibiotics in treating infectious skin wounds.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.169-175
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• 2007

최근 수의학에서도 여러 항생제에 내성이 있는 세균 감염이 확인되면서 기존에 사용되었던 항생제에 의한 치료 반응이 떨어지고 새로운 항생제가 도입되고 있다. 그러나 항생제 내성을 가진 세균의 출현을 방지하고 항생제에 의한 부작용을 최소화하기 위해 적절한 항생제 사용은 필수적이다. 세균 배양과 항생제 감수성 검사를 기본으로 항생제에 있어서의 약동학(pharmacodynamics)과 약역학(pharmacokinetics)을 바탕으로 항생제 치료에 대해 보다 정확히 접근할 수 있다. 세균에 대한 최소억제농도(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC)와 최고혈장약물농도(peak plasma drug concentration, C max)를 비교하는 것은 항생제 선택의 기준이 된다.또한 MIC가 C max에 가까울수록 효과적인 치료를 위해서는 가능한 높은 용량을 사용해야 함을 의미한다.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 1979

A total of 360 Staphylococcus isolates from 26 raw cow milk sample in milk plants of Jeonju district during Octover 1977, identified by $7.5\%$ salt resistant reaction and other biological properties. Antibiotic sensitivity test was also perfor

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 2011

임상에 있어 눈에 적용하는 약물의 적용은 정상적인 조직을 손상시키지 않으면서 원하는 안구 조직에 목표로 하는 용량의 안약을 전달하는 것이 목적이라고 할 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 간단한 목적도 실제로 환자의 성격, 안구 조직의 민감성, 그리고 친지질성 각막 외피세포(lipophilic corneal epithelium), 친수성 각막 그리고 공막의 간질층(hydrophilic corneal and sclera stroma), 결막의 임파 조직, 맥락막의 혈관 등, Blood-ocular barrier등 안구의 조직 자체의 장벽들로 인해 어려움을 내포하고 있는 것 역시 사실이다. 평소에 처방하고 있는 안약들을 조금 더 효과적으로 전달하기 위해 필요한 눈에 대한 이해에 대해 다루어 보도록 한다.