• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.321-330
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• 2011

The physical properties of horticultural substrate are important for optimal plant growth. The physical properties should be properly maintained during the crop growing season for producing higher yield. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the physical properties of different mixtures from various raw materials as horticultural substrates. The mixtures at the different ratios of peatmoss, perlite and vermiculite subjected to 10:0:0, 8:2:0, 6:4:0, 4:6:0, 2:8:0, 0:8:2, 0:10:0, 0:6:4, 0:4:6, 0:2:8, 8:0:2, 0:0:10, 6:0:4, 4:0:6, 2:0:8, 2:6:2, 2:4:4, 4:2:4, 4:4:2, 6:2:2 and 2:2:6 were prepared and analyzed according to two methods of the European Standardization (EN) and Rural Development Administration (RDA). The optimum range of physical properties of a specific horticultural substrate can be predicted using physical-property-triangle. This triangle can also be used to convert a physical property from the EN method to that from the RDA method. Results showed that the mixture at a ratio of > 60% peatmoss, in most cases, is in the range of optimum physical condition for plant growth. We conclude that the developed physical-property-triangle can be suitable to suggest the optimum ratios of horticultural substrates used in this study.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.837-843
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• 2010

This research investigated classification of clay activity degree by different clay mineral components. Based on compositions of different clay and oxide minerals within 390 soil series in Korea, 7 soils were selected to analyze for CEC and specific surface area of clay minerals. As a result, soils were mainly composed with Chlorite originated from sandstone, Smectite originated from Andesite porphyry and combination of Allophane and Ferrihydrite originated from volcanic ash, if the ratio of CEC value to clay content (degree of clay activity) was greater than 0.7. If the degree of clay activity was ranged between 0.3 and 0.7, soils were composed mainly with Kaolin originated from anorthite. Soils with this ratio also was composted with combinations of Kaolin, Illite and Vermiculite originated with river deposits. When the degree of the activity was less than 0.3, soils were commonly red-yellowish color and composed with two different minerals. One type of composition was Kaolin originated from granite and granite gneiss and the soils contained Geothite and Hematite. The other type was composited mainly with Illite and Vermiculite minerals originated from granite. These soils contained Gibbsite, Geothite and Hematite. The degree of clay activity was highly related with CEC and specific surface area. The greater degree of the activity displayed greater values of clay CEC and specific surface area. It is not easy to measure actual quantity and compositions of clay minerals, while the degree of clay activity can be measured from routine soil analyses. As a conclusion, the degree of clay activity may be not just a simple but also powerful tool to estimate physical-chemical properties of soils and to evaluate the soil classification in Korean soils.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.129-134
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.343-344
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• 2016

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2009

An efficient in vitro plant regeneration system was developed through shoot proliferation from axillary buds of Tectona grandis (L.f), APNBV-1 (Andhra Pradesh North Badrachalam Venkatapuram-1) clone. Multiple shoots of high quality were produced in vitro from axillary bud explants. An average of 4.39 shoots/explant were obtained on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with plant growth regulators (PGRs) benzyl amino purine (BA), kinetin (KN), indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberillic acid ($GA_3$), growth adjuvants casein hydrolysate (CH), adenine sulphate (Ads) and antioxidants ascorbic acid, polyvinyl pyrrollidine (PVP). Eighty five percent of rooting was observed in ex vitro rooting media containing IBA and vermiculite. In ex vitro rooting, single shoots with 2 to 3 nodes were subjected to IBA of different concentrations at different periods of time intervals. Direct rooting in vermiculite at 500 ppm concentration of IBA resulted in 4.3 number of roots with 2 cm length. Minimum response of rooting and length of roots were recorded at 100 ppm concentration of IBA. Planlets were transferred to plastic bags for short acclimatization stage in green house where they survived at 95%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.203-208
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• 2002

미생물 생산은 다양한 산업에 이용되는 핵심산업이다. 그러나 미생물을 장기간 보존하거나 생산 후 현장처리에 상황에 있어 미생물의 활성이 환경 및 각종조건에 따라 장기간 유지되지 못하는 경향이 있다. 따라서, 본 실험에서는 Pseudomonas putida SSEoX의 생산 후 시중에서 판매되는 perlite, diatomite, bentonite, zeolite, dolomite, vermicullite 등의 담체를 이용하여 미생물의 생리활성유지를 위한 실험을 자연현상에서 나타날 수 있는 다양한 온도에서 담체의 종류별로 수행하였다. 그 결과 bentonite를 이용한 담체의 경우 5, 20, 3$0^{\circ}C$에서 40일간 미생물의 밀도가 거의 감소하지 않은 결과로 나타났고 zeolite의 경우 20일 이내의 저온에서 생존율이 높은 것으로 나타났으나 온도의 상승으로 생존율이 현저히 떨어졌다. 또한 Dololite의 경우 초기 20일 내에서는 20t에서 생존율이 매우 높았으나 40일 후 생존율이 현저히 감소하였다. 또한 bentonite의 경우 전체적으로 생존율이 거의 감소되지 않았으며 그중 5$^{\circ}C$와 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 생존율이 가장 높았고 3$0^{\circ}C$에서 30일 후까지는 비교적 적은 감소를 보였으며 40일 이후 비교적 큰 감소율이 있었다. 따라서, 본 실험결과 비교적 낮은 온도에서 bentonite와 vermiculite를 혼합한 담체를 이용한 미생물보존이 가장 우수만 생존유지법이었다.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 1997

The Janghang smelter is the first lead, zinc and copper smelting facility in Korea which was operated for a half century from 1936 to 1989. The clay minerals and their heavy metal association in the soil profile around the smelter have been studied using XRD, EPMA, SEM-EDS, TEM, EPR and sequential extraction techniques. The soils in A horizon are highly acidic showing pH 4.45. The pH is going up with increasing depth. They have residual water contents of 1.18-1.51 wt%, loss on ignition of 6.32-7.79 wt%, and carbon contents of 0.08-0.88 wt%. Soils consist of quartz, feldspar, muscovite, kaolinite, vermiculite, biotite, chlorite, goethite and hematite in the decreasing abundance. The contents of clay minerals, especially vermiculite and chlorite, decrease with increasing depth. Sequential extraction experiments for the profile samples show that heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) are highly concentrated in the A horizon of the soil profile as water-extractable (mostly amorphous), MgCl2-extractable (exchangeable in clay minerals), and organic phases. The heavy metal contents decrease with increasing depth. It suggests that the heavy metals are mainly associate with clay minerlas in an exchangeable state. It is also noted that heavy metals are highly concentrated in the manganese and iron oxide phases.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.107-111
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• 2004

To establish an efficient acclimation system for regenerated plantlets of soybean, we used various media with hydroponic nutrient solutions before regenerants were transplanted into soil. The hydroponic nutrient solution was essential for the survival of the plantlets. The vermiculite with nutrient solution at pH 5.5 was found to be the best medium with 97-100% survival rate and better growth of regenerants plantlets. Regeneraed grew best in the following order of solutions: Yoshida solution, modified Yoshida solution, SoyI, Soy II, and MS medium. However, Soy I solution (EC 2.9 mS/cm), developed by the Honam Agricultural Research Institute proved to be the most effective for acclimation in terms of the time required for vigorous growth and economical use of chemicals.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.101-104
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• 1995

The experiment was conducted to identify the optimal in vitro propagation condition for P. lactiflora Pall. Through apical shoot tip and axillary shoot tip culture of winter bud. When apical shoot tip and axillary shoot tips excised from winter bud were cultured on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of plant growth regulators, all the apical shoot tips elongated regardless of the composition of the medium but axillary shoot tips responded differently. Shoot of 'Uisong' local cultivate was well elongated in the medium containing 0.01mg/L NAA. Frequency of shoot formation and subsequent shoot growth in axillary shoot tip culture were promoted in the medium containing 0.01 mg/L NAA and 5.0mg/L zeatin. 30% of the elongated shoots were vigorously rooted on the medium containing 0.1mg/L NAA with vermiculite as a support medium.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.1 s.47
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• pp.39-48
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• 2006

X-ray diffaction and chemical analysis were used for mineralogical characteristics of weathering grade of granite and biotite gneiss. Granite is composed mainly of quartz, albite, and minor K-feldspar and biotite gneiss is biotite, quartz, albite. Illite and kaolinite increased in granite, and vermiculite and halloysite in biotite gneiss as increasing weathering process. The percentages of $Al{2}O_{3}$ increase but that of CaO, $Na_{2}O,\;K_{2}O$ decrease as the weathering process. $Fe_{2}O_{3}$ different from granite and biotite gneiss.