Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea (한국광물학회지)

The Mineralogical Society of Korea (한국광물학회)
권호 표지

Characterization of Weathering Process in Biotite Gneiss and Granite, Ganghwa Island

강화도 선두리 지역 흑운모 편마암과 화강암에 대한 풍화 특성

  • Jang Yun-Deuk (Department of Geology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kim Jeong-Jin (Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Andong National University)
  • Published : 2006.03.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

X-ray diffaction and chemical analysis were used for mineralogical characteristics of weathering grade of granite and biotite gneiss. Granite is composed mainly of quartz, albite, and minor K-feldspar and biotite gneiss is biotite, quartz, albite. Illite and kaolinite increased in granite, and vermiculite and halloysite in biotite gneiss as increasing weathering process. The percentages of $Al{2}O_{3}$ increase but that of CaO, $Na_{2}O,\;K_{2}O$ decrease as the weathering process. $Fe_{2}O_{3}$ different from granite and biotite gneiss.

흑운모 편마암과 화강암에 대한 풍화정도에 따른 광물조성과 화학성분 변화를 X-선회절분석, 전암분석을 통하여 연구하였다. 흑운모 편마암의 주 구성광물은 흑운모, 석영, 사장석이며 화강암의 주 구성광물은 석영, 사장석, 백운모과 약간의 정장석을 포함하고 있다. 풍화가 진행될수록 흑운모 편마암은 버미큘라이트와 할로이사이트가 증가하고 화강암은 일라이트와 캐올리나이트가 증가한다. 풍화가 진행될수록 대체로 $Na_{2}O$, CaO, $K_{2}O$가 감소하고 $Al{2}O_{3}$의 함량이 증가하지만, $Fe_{2}O_{3}$의 값은 흑운모 편마암과 화강암에서 큰 차이를 나타낸다.

Keywords

References

  1. 김봉균, 박용안 (1968) 강화도의 지질개요. 대한지질학회지, 4, 31-39
  2. 김수진, 이민성, 김원사, 이수재 (1994) 서울지역의 자연환경 변화에 관한 연구: 남산 화강암의 풍화에 관한 환경광물학적 연구. 대한지질학회지, 30, 284-296
  3. 김용준, 오민수 (1978) 강화도 동남부에 분포하는 소위 강화 섬장암질암에 대하여. 광산지질, 11, 47-58
  4. 문희수, 김신애 (1989) 강화도 온수리 지역 화강암의 풍화작용에 의한 카올리나이트의 형성. 광산지질, 22, 65-80
  5. 문희수, 송윤구, 신상은 (1993) 질석화가 진행된 풍화 단면에서의 광물조성과 주원소의 변화. 자원환경지질학회지, 26, 29-40
  6. Ahn, J.H. and Peacor, D.R. (1987) Kaolinitization of biotite: TEM data and implications for an alteration mechanism. Amer. Miner. 72, 353-356
  7. Banfield, J.F. and Eggleton, R. (1988) Transmission electron microscope study of biotite weathering. Clay and Clay Miner., 36, 47-60 https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1988.0360107
  8. Chesworth, W., Dejou, J., and Larroque, P. (1981) The weathering of baslts and relative mobilities of the major elements at Belbex, France. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 45, 1235-1243 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(81)90147-2
  9. Drever, J.I. and Zobrist, J. (1992) Chemical weathering of silicate rocks as a function of elevation in the southern Swiss Alps. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 56, 3209-3216 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90298-W
  10. Eggleton, R.A. (1987) Weathering of Basalt: Changes in rock chemistry and mineralogy. Clays Clay Miner., 35, 161-169 https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1987.0350301
  11. Fritz, P.C. and Regland, P.C. (1980) Weathering rinds developed on plutonic rocks in the North Carolina Piedmont. Amer. Jour. Sci., 280, 546-559 https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.280.6.546
  12. Gilkes, R.H. and Suddhiprakarn, A. (1979) Biotite alteration in deeply weathered grnite. I. Morphological, mineralogical, and chemical properties. Clays Clay Miner., 27, 349-360 https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1979.0270505
  13. Gouveia, M.A., Prudencio, M.I., Figueiredo, M.O., Pereira, L.C.J., Waerenborgh, J.C., Morgado, I., Pena T., and Lopes A. (1993) Behavior of REE and other trace element and major elements during weathering of granitic rocks, Evora, Portugal. Chem. Geolo., 107, 293-296 https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(93)90194-N
  14. Harris, W.G., Zelazny, L.W., Baker, J.C., and Martens, D.C. (1985) Biotite kaolinization in Virginia Piedmont soils: I. Extent, profile trends, and grain morphological effect. Soil sci. Soc. Amer. Jour., 49, 1290-1297 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900050044x
  15. Lee, S.H. (1999) Electron microscopic study on the weathering of the granitic gneiss in the Yoogoo area, Korea. PhD thesis in Seoul National University, 200p
  16. Miura, K. (1973) Weathering in pluitonic rocks; Weathering during late Pliocene of Gotsu plutonic rocks. Engineering Geol., 14, 87-102
  17. Moon, H.S., Song, Y., and Lee, S.Y. (1994) Supergene vermiculitization of phlogopite and biotite in ultramafic rocks, Central Korea. Clays Clay Miner., 42, 259-268 https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1994.0420304
  18. Nagano, T. and Nakashima, S. (1989) Study of colors and degrees of weathering of granitic rocks by visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Geochem. Jour., 23, 75-83 https://doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.23.75
  19. Nesbitt, H.W. and Young, G.M. (1984) Prediction of some weathering trends of plutonic and volcanic rocks based on the thermodynamic and kinetic considerations. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 48, 1523-1534 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(84)90408-3
  20. Norrish, K. (1973) Factors in the weathering of mica to vermiculite in Proc Int. Clay Conf., Madrid, 417-432
  21. Rebertuse, R.A., Weed, S.B., and Buol, S.W. (1986) Transformation of biotite to kaolinite during saprolite-soil weathering. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J., 50, 810-819 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000030049x
  22. Schroeder, P.A., Melear, N.D., West, L.T., and Hamilton, D.A. (2000) Meta-gabbro weathering in the Georgia Piedmont, USA: implications for global silicate weathering rate. Chem. Geol., 163, 235-245 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00129-1
  23. Sharma, A. and Rajamani, V. (2000) Weathering of gneissic rocks in the upper reaches of Cauvery river, South India: Implications to neotectonics of the region. Chem. Geol., 166, 203-223 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00222-3
  24. Shirahata, H. and Suzuki, T. (1985) Variation in the concentrations of trace metals Ba, Sr, Li and Rb in granodiorite from southwestern Hokkaido during chemical weathering. J. Japan Assoc. min. Petr. Econ. Geol., 80, 1-12 https://doi.org/10.2465/ganko1941.80.1
  25. Stoch, L. and Sikora, W. (1976) Transformations of micas in the process of kaolinitization of granites and gneisses. Clays Clay Miner. 24, 156-162 https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1976.0240402
  26. Wilson, M.J. (1966) The weathering of biotite in some Aberdeenshire soils. Mineral Mag., 35, 1080-1093
  27. Wilson, M.J. (1970) A study of weathering in a soil derived from a biotite-hornblende rock. I. Weathering of biotite. Clay Miner. 8, 291-303 https://doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1970.008.3.07