• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.50-61
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• 2010

Nowadays, the SoC is watched by all over the world with interest. The design trend of the SoC is hardware and software co-design which includes the design of hardware structure in RTL level and the development of embedded software. Also the technology is toward deep-submicron and the observability of the SoC's internal state is not easy. Because of the above reasons, the SoC debug is very difficult and time-consuming. So we need a reliable debugger to find the bugs in the SoC and embedded software. In this paper, we developed a hardware debugger named OCD. It is based on IEEE 1140.1 JTAG standard. In order to verify the operation of OCD, it is integrated into the 32bit RISC processor - Core-A (Core-A is the unique embedded processor designed by Korea) and is tested by interconnecting with software debugger. When embedding the OCD in Core-A, there is 14.7% gate count overhead. We can modify the DCU which occupies 2% gate count in OCD to adapt with other processors as a debugger.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.7-17
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• 2009

The development of wireless communication MAC layer is usually released as SoC which is a combination in hardware and software. In this system development environment, an environment for software development and verification is necessary because the hardware development takes a lot of time priori to completion. In integrated development of hardware and software, simulation environment of hardware and software provided by hardware modeling using HDL at RTL and ISS respectively. By increasing the development complexity of system, ESL design modeling systems at higher abstraction level than RTL has already prompted. The ESL design is divided untime model and time model. This paper present design and implementation of MCU for untime model simulation, not time model. Proposed MCU can optimize the system at early step of system development and move up the development completion time by verifying the system function easily and rapidly than part required exact time in untime model. In this paper, we present an MCU module based on SystemC and UC/OS-II Module providing real-time operate system.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.189-193
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• 2024

As cyber threats increase in the defense sector, the security of weapon system software is becoming increasingly important. Currently, most of the embedded software installed in domestic weapon systems operates based on foreign real-time operating systems(RTOS) that have no security. As a result, the localization and security enhancement of embedded software for weapon systems have emerged as urgent tasks. This study aims to propose the application and development strategies of secure RTOS for weapon systems. To this end, we examined the technological trends of domestic and foreign RTOS and secure RTOS, and analyzed the problems of current embedded software in weapon systems. The results revealed major issues such as low localization, vulnerability to cyber attacks, difficulty in maintenance, increased costs, and loss of opportunities for accumulating technological capabilities. An investigation of the current status of embedded software applied to existing weapon systems found that embedded SW are in operation across all fields, including maneuver, firepower, protection, command and control, communication, naval vessels, and aircraft. Among them, 99% rely on foreign RTOS such as VxWorks. A review of the core functions and applicability of secure RTOS to weapon systems suggests that it can be applied to key areas requiring real-time performance and security, such as fire control, navigation devices, and flight control in existing and future weapon systems. However, ensuring performance and reliability, securing verification and compatibility, and systematic government support were raised as prerequisites.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.233-241
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to develop a new software tool for 3D dose verification using $PRESAGE^{REU}$ Gel dosimeter. The tool included following functions: importing 3D doses from treatment planning systems (TPS), importing 3D optical density (OD), converting ODs to doses, 3D registration between two volumetric data by translational and rotational transformations, and evaluation with 3D gamma index. To acquire correlation between ODs and doses, CT images of a $PRESAGE^{REU}$ Gel with cylindrical shape was acquired, and a volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plan was designed to give radiation doses from 1 Gy to 6 Gy to six disk-shaped virtual targets along z-axis. After the VMAT plan was delivered to the targets, 3D OD data were reconstructed from 512 projection data from $Vista^{TM}$ optical CT scanner (Modus Medical Devices Inc, Canada) per every 2 hours after irradiation. A curve for converting ODs to doses was derived by comparing TPS dose profile to OD profile along z-axis, and the 3D OD data were converted to the absorbed doses using the curve. Supra-linearity was observed between doses and ODs, and the ODs were decayed about 60% per 24 hours depending on their magnitudes. Measured doses from the $PRESAGE^{REU}$ Gel were well agreed with the TPS doses at central region, but large under-doses were observed at peripheral region at the cylindrical geometry. Gamma passing rate for 3D doses was 70.36% under the gamma criteria of 3% of dose difference and 3 mm of distance to agreement. The low passing rate was resulted from the mismatching of the refractive index between the PRESAGE gel and oil bath in the optical CT scanner. In conclusion, the developed software was useful for 3D dose verification from PRESAGE gel dosimetry, but further improvement of the Gel dosimetry system were required.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.359-368
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• 2017

As the BadUSB is a vulnerability, in which a hacker tampers the firmware area of a USB flash drive. When the BadUSB device is plugged into the USB port of a host system, a malicious code acts automatically. The host system misunderstands the act of the malicious behavior as an normal behaviour for booting the USB device, so it is hard to detect the malicious code. Also, an antivirus software can't detect the tampered firmware because it inspects not the firmware area but the storage area. Because a lot of computer peripherals (such as USB flash drive, keyboard) are connected to host system with the USB protocols, the vulnerability has a negative ripple effect. However, the countermeasure against the vulnerability is not known now. In this paper, we analyze the tampered area of the firmware when a normal USB device is changed to the BadUSB device and propose the countermeasure to verify the integrity of the area when the USB boots. The proposed method consists of two procedures. The first procedure is to verify the integrity of the area which should be fixed even if the firmware is updated. The verification method use hashes, and the target area includes descriptors. The second procedure is to verify the integrity of the changeable area when the firmware is updated. The verification method use code signing, and the target area includes the function area of the firmware. We also propose the update protocol for the proposed structure and verify it to be true through simulation.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.526-535
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• 2018

Many steganography algorithms have been studied, and steganalysis for detecting stego images which steganography is applied to has also been studied in parallel. Especially, in the case of the image steganalysis, the features such as ALE, SPAM, and SRMQ are extracted from the statistical characteristics of the image, and stego images are classified by learning the classifier using various machine learning algorithms. However, these studies did not consider the effect of image size, aspect ratio, or message-embedding rate, and thus the features might not function normally for images with conditions different from those used in the their studies. In this paper, we analyze the classification rate of the SPAM-based image stegnalysis against variety image sizes aspect ratios and message-embedding rates and verify its versatility.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.358-363
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• 2017

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of computer-aided replica technique (CART) by calculating its agreement with the replica technique (RT), using statistical agreement analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A prepared metal die and a metal crown were fabricated. The gap between the restoration and abutment was replicated using silicone indicator paste (n = 25). Gap measurements differed in the control (RT) and experimental (CART) groups. In the RT group, the silicone replica was manually sectioned, and the marginal and occlusal gaps were measured using a microscope. In the CART group, the gap was digitized using optical scanning and image superimposition, and the gaps were measured using a software program. The agreement between the measurement techniques was evaluated by using the 95% Bland-Altman limits of agreement and concordance correlation coefficients (CCC). The least acceptable CCC was 0.90. RESULTS. The RT and CART groups showed linear association, with a strong positive correlation in gap measurements, but without significant differences. The 95% limits of agreement between the paired gap measurements were 3.84% and 7.08% of the mean. The lower 95% confidence limits of CCC were 0.9676 and 0.9188 for the marginal and occlusal gap measurements, respectively, and the values were greater than the allowed limit. CONCLUSION. The CART is a reliable digital approach for evaluating the fit accuracy of fixed dental prostheses.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2012

LEO Satellite performs the operations and missions by FSW(Flight Software) after separation from a launch vehicle. Many of the operations by FSW are automatically conducted by the algorithms of FSW. In the case of the IAC(Initial Activation and Checkout) operations, a mission scheduling, an orbit transition, etc, however, a decision and a control of the satellite operators or manufacturers are required in order to operate the satellite safely. For this, the wireless communication channel between a satellite and a ground station should be prepared to receive telemetries and to transmit tele-commands for controlling FSW properly. Therefore, the verification of the interface between KOMPSAT-3 and a ground station is essential. This verification test is named the satellite end-to-end test. In this paper, we show the design process of the satellite end-to-end test and test results.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.115-123
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was establishing process of manufacturing dental prosthesis by using eZIS system(DDS Inc.,Korea). Methods: To evaluate accuracy verification, the test was practiced two ways. First, Comparison of 3D printing models and stone models was practiced by using 3D superimposing software. #36 prepared master model was scanned by eZIS system and three 'Veltz3D' 3D printing models and three 'Bio3D' 3D printing models were manufactured. three stone models were manufactured by conventional impression technique. Second, Fitness test was practiced. the 3D printing models and the stone models was compared by manufacturing same resin crown. #36 prepared master model was scanned 9 times and manufactured (milled) 9 resin crowns by eZIS system. These crowns were cemented three 'Veltz3D' 3D printing models, three 'Bio3D' 3D printing models and three stone models. These crowns were sliced mesiodistal axis and gaps were measured by digital microscope. Results: The average accuracy of Bio3D models were 65.75%. Veltz3D(Hebsiba) models were 60.11% Stone models were 41.00%. Conclusion : This study results showed 3D printing model is similar with stone model. So it was under clinical allow, didn't affect final dental prothesis. There were no significant differences in the appearance of the three types of milling crowns.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1709-1710
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• 2012

Cancer is a major public health problem in Indonesia, becoming the 7th largest cause of death based on a national survey in 2007, accounting for 5.7 of all mortality. A cancer registry was started in 1970, but it was partial and was stopped mainly because no government body was responsible. Realizing the above situation, the Indonesian government established the Sub Directorate of Cancer Control within the Ministry of Health, with responsibility for developing a national cancer control program, including a cancer registry. A sustainable cancer registry was then started in 2007 within Jakarta Province, first hospital-based but then expanded to be population-based. Steps of cancer registration in Jakarta are data collection, data verification, data validation, data management and analysis, and data publication. Data collection is conducted by health facilities (hospitals, laboratories, primary health centers) at the district/municipal level, with reports to the provincial level. Data are collected passively by holding meetings every three months in the district/municipality. Verification of data is the responsibility of the medical doctor or pathologist in each data source. Data validation is conducted by a team in the cancer registry, consisting of district/municipal/province health officers, pathologists, and registrars. Data management and analyses are conducted by a cancer registry team at the provincial level, assisted by the national team. We use software named Indonesian Cancer Registry System (SRIKANDI) which is adopted from CanReg4 IARC. Data from the population-based cancer registry in Jakarta Province showed the leading cancers among females in 2005-2007 to be breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer and among males are bronchus and lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, pharyngeal cancer, and prostate cancer. The leading childhood cancers are leukaemia and retinoblastoma.