• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.579-588
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• 2023

This study attempted to reveal the causal relationship (SEM) focusing on communication style on the impact of lapo formation between personal trainers and customers on motor performance. Accordingly, the following results were derived through the mobile program "Survey Monkey" for 187 PT customers according to the sample plan from October 1 to April 28, 2022. First, it was found that communication style had an effect (+) on lapo formation. Second, communication style partially affects (+) mobility performance, and the control type has no influence relationship. Third, lapo formation was found to have an effect on motor performance. Therefore, since PT is a human service, not a general service, its importance should be emphasized more. In addition, the dominance in the fierce PT market is expected to have both athletic performance and management performance if the verbal and non-verbal aspects of expression methods that customers can respond to are properly reflected.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.166-176
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify functional structure and patterns of dialogue sequence in conversations between elderly patients with dementia and nurses in a long-term care facility. Methods: Conversation analysis was used to analyze the data which were collected using video-camera to capture non-verbal as well as verbal behaviors. Data collection was done during February 2005. Results: Introduction, assessment, intervention, and closing phases were identified as functional structure. Essential parts of the conversation were the assessment and intervention phases. In the assessment phase three sequential patterns of nurse-initiated dialogue and four sequential patterns of patient-initiated dialogue were identified. Also four sequential patterns were identified in nurse-initiated and three in patient-initiated dialogues in the intervention phase. In general, "ask question", "advise", and "directive" were the most frequently used utterance by nurses in nurse-initiated dialogue, indicating nurses' domination of the conversation. At the same time, "ask back", "refute", "escape", or "false promise" were used often by nurses to discourage patients from talking when patients were raising questions or demanding. Conclusion: It is important for nurses to encourage patient-initiated dialogue to counterbalance nurse-dominated conversation which results from imbalance between nurses and patients in terms of knowledge and task in healthcare institutions for elders.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.363-370
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• 2016

This study aimed to evaluate correlation between self-evaluation factors and academic achievement of medical students according to introduction of explanation meeting in cadaveric dissection. The students explained cadaveric structure to health allied sciences students and discussed with each other. Just after the meeting, 102 medical students filled out a self-reported questionnaire on impact of self-evaluation factors and communication. The data were analyzed by frequency analysis, t-test and analysis of variance. Regardless of their gender, age, previous experience, the majority of the students gave high scores in all of self-evaluation factors. Among them, linkage with major and verbal communication factor were closely related to their academic achievement(p<0.05). The verbal and non-verbal communication factors also had a high correlation of 0.580(p<0.01). The explanation meeting provided a chance to learn further with positive attitude to medical students and motivated them academically.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.20
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• pp.307-314
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• 2015

Tele-Gesture is a tangible user interface(TUI) device that allows a user to physically point to a 3D object in real life and have their gestures play back by a robotic finger that can point to the same object, either at the same time, or at another point in time. To understand the extent of the gestures as new way of digital collaborative communication, collaboration situation and types were experimented as TUI implementations. The design prototype reveals that there is a rich non-verbal component of communication in the form of gesture-clusters and body movements that happen in an digital communication. This result of analysis can contribute to compile relevant contributions to the fields of communication, human behavior, and interaction with high technology through an interpretive social experience.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to explore the emotions of Facebook. Various types of emotions are being exchanged on Facebook. The emotional reactions make the Facebook different from previous electronic bulletin board. According to previous researches, computer-mediated communication can deliver visual symbols and non-verbal cues to enhance the abundance of meanings. Data were collected from 205 Facebook users and the number of users' posts were total 10308. The contents analysis was conducted to explore emotions of the 10308 Facebook posts. The results showed that the most frequent emotion was pleasure. The emotional distributions were different according to the contents types; text, video, photo, and link. For the text content type, emotion of curiosity was apparent and for the photo content type, emotion of love was more frequent than others, and for the video content type, emotion of surprise was salient. The results of the analysis for the shared contents also revealed that pleasure and hope were more frequent emotions than other emotions.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.245-254
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to examine predictive validity of Critical Care Non-verbal Pain Scale (CNPS) and develop criteria for pain assessment using CNPS with critically ill patients who have communication problems. Methods: Data were collected from intensive care units at three major general hospitals in Seoul and Kyunggi province. During each observation, a nurse assessed pain severity using CNPS ratings (range 0-9) at four treatment stages: at rest, during central catheter dressing change (nonpainful procedure), position change and suctioning (routine painful procedures). Patients also assessed their pain using a self-report 4-point VRS-4. Results: There were significant differences between the four treatment stages except between "at rest" and "nonpainful procedure". Strong correlations were found between CNPS and VRS-4 for "at rest" (r=.552, p<.001), central catheter dressing change (r=.505, p<.001), position change (r=.709, p<.001), and suctioning (r=.662, p<.001). ROC curve analysis of CNPS based on 3 point on VRS-4 showed the cutoff point was 3 for CNPS, the starting point for pain management with 73% sensitivity, 92.2% specificity, 73% positive predictive value, and 92.8% negative predictive value. Conclusion: Results indicate that CNPS is a valid tool for measuring pain in critically ill patients with communication problems and 3 point should be the standardized pain treatment point.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.184-191
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• 2017

Smartphone has become a part of many people's daily lives. The mobile messenger function on the smartphone in particular is the most frequently used services. The mobile communication tool in the age of digital media can be classified into two big categories: text messages and emoticons, the non-verbal expression tool of one's emotions. This thesis has studied the mobile communications made by the non-verbal tool of emoticons. The history of emoticons traces back to the text-based emoticon created by Scott Fahlman, from which graphical emoticons were developed and the sound and animation effects have been added. Many people use emoticons and diverse companies are developing the tool. In this study, the representative emoticon development case of Line Co., Ltd. is analyzed to see the concept, types, development process, collaborations and merchandising of the emoticons. Based on the case of Line, the development orientation and direction of domestic emoticons will be discussed to be culture contents.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.478-484
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• 2004

This study is a fundamental research for the developing 3D character contents about facial expression as a sort of non-linguistic signs, focusing on an expression of emotion factors of a person. It contributes a framework for symbolic analysis about Human's emotions along with a general review of expression. The human face is the most complex and versatile of all species. For humans, the face is a rich and versatile instrument serving many different functions. It serves as a window to display one's own motivational state. This makes one's behavior more predictable and understandable to others and improves communication. The face can be used to supplement verbal communication. A prompt facial display can reveal the speaker's attitude about the information being conveyed. Alternatively, the face can be used to complement verbal communication, such as lifting of eyebrows to lend additional emphasis to stressed word. The facial expression plays a important role under the digital visual context. This study will present a frame of facial expression categories for effective manufacture of cartoon and animation that appeal to the visual emotion of the human.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2005

This study is a model of research for the developing 3D character contents about facial expression as a sort of non-linguistic signs, focusing on an expression of emotion factors of a person. It contributes a framework for symbolic analysis about Human's emotions along with a general review of expression. The human face is the most complex and versatile of all species. For humans, the face is a ich and versatile instrument serving many different functions. It serves as a window to display one's own motivational state. This makes one's behavior more predictable and understandable to others and improves communication. The face can be used to supplement verbal communication. A prompt facial display can reveal the speaker's attitude about the information being conveyed. Alternatively, the face can be used to complement verbal communication, such as lifting of eyebrows to lend additional emphasis to stressed word. The facial expression plays a important role under the digital visual context. This study will present a frame of facial expression categories for effective manufacture of cartoon and animation that appeal to the visual emotion of the human.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.555-563
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• 2022

This study explored the educational effects of e-PBL by using metaverse tools to strengthen PBL interactions among foreign learners. The university's 3-hour, 15-week PBL subject was systematically reorganized to satisfy the needs of online groups of students. Metaverse technology was also used as a tool for interaction in the process of solving practical problems closely related to our social issues through e-PBL. e-PBL lectures are composed of foreign learners from various countries. More than half of the 43 participating students are from 11 different nations. Learners in an e-PBL class are able to partake in task-based learning activities through the use of the metaverse. This qualitative study identified the metaverse is an effective communication tool which transcends language and nationality. It is also a unique space where both verbal and non-verbal communication between team members are possible online. This study can demonstrate the positive effects of e-PBL teaching methods. By using the metaverse's various tools of interaction to improve communication among foreign learners whose Korean levels are not perfect, we can create a digital space which more closely resembles an offline, interpersonal learning experience.