• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.192-202
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• 2008

Typical activity-based travel analysis has been focused on passenger travel using household survey data. The current research focuses on freight transport using one-day travel survey data. Passenger travel can be seen as the outcome of traveller's subjective decision-making, whereas freight transport is the outcome of shipper or transport company's optimized scheduling. The research conducts an activity-based analysis of freight-vehicle trip chains. In particular, the research focuses on the difference in travel pattern between shipper-oriented private vehicle and transport company-oriented business vehicle. The research analyzed the travel diary of freight vehicles collected as part of the third national logistic survey in 2005. The diary is freight driver's one-day travel record including the information of loading capacity, item transported, destination, arrival time, etc. The analysis results show the difference between private and business vehicles in the travel pattern regarding the sequences of destination, destination type and item transported and the multi-dimensional information of the three sequences.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.80-85
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• 2018

In the 1990s, South Korea recently launched Space Development and is pushing for a step toward Space. In the Space Launch Vehicle field, the development of Practical satellite type Launch Vehicle (Korea Space Launch Vehicle II) has progressed to the stage of proprietary development, and in the field of Satellite development, they also have a great deal of competitiveness. This study will be a shortcut to rediscovering our potential and looking for breakthroughs by reviewing and re-examining the effects of past Space development.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.17-34
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• 2018

The era of fully autonomous vehicles which can travel to their destination completely, is expected to arrive in the near future. The automobile industry will face a huge change in the near future. It makes the industry in the midst of a major turning point, since the automobile was born in the late 1800s. It is expected that the fully autonomous vehicle will be defined as a part of a living space beyond the concept of transportation. However, the existing research on the interior design of the fully autonomous vehicle is insufficient. The purpose of this study is to propose a design method of interior space through analyzing in-vehicle activities, which is a fundamental design element that can satisfy user's emotional experience suitable the concept of living space. For this purpose, the consumer's consciousness about the in-vehicle activity of fully autonomous vehicle was investigated. As a result, domestic consumers perceived the needs of in-vehicle activities related to resting, listening and watching activities such as 'sleeping and resting', 'watching TV and movie', 'listening to music' among 'self - centered' activities. Based on the results of the investigation, this study will suggest a design method of interior design of the fully autonomous vehicle. This study is meaningful, because it is a leading research that suggests new ways of designing interior space by analyzing consumer's needs in a quantitative method.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.5-20
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• 2018

The fully autonomous vehicle, which has been actively studied in a worldwide before commercialization, is expected to become a living space by securing time and space compared to existing automobile. For this reason, interior design of fully autonomous vehicle has become very important. To enhance passenger's experience and satisfaction in fully autonomous vehicle, it is necessary to design an optimized space that can support in-vehicle activities. For this purpose, efforts to analyze the passenger's in-vehicle activities should be preceded. However, there were limited studies that define space and in-Vehicle activities of fully autonomous vehicle in Korea. The purpose of this study is to suggest the guideline of the interior design of fully autonomous vehicle by analyzing and classifying the scope of activities that the passenger can perform within the vehicle. As a method of the study, literature studies on future concept cars, human lifetime behavior and consumer needs had been conducted. As a result in-vehicle activities could be applied in a fully autonomous vehicle. Four in-vehicle activities 'work', 'home life and personal care', 'relaxation' and 'conversation and hobby' had been derived through the analysis of in-vehicle activities. Based on the results, the interior design of fully autonomous vehicle guideline has been suggested. The study is significant because the result of the study can act as a basic study which considers the activities in the fully autonomous vehicle environment.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.843-851
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• 2010

This study aims to systematically develop a usability evaluation model using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) from experiment of usability on using vehicle. Vehicle developers have been adding many functions for enhance the user satisfaction. But it will be made the trade-off problem of usability and design elements of vehicle interior from attempt to make best usability satisfaction in a restricted space. To solve the trade-off problem, we set a new solution criterion from usability evaluation model. The usability experiment is based on major activity pool from derived user's acts pattern in vehicle for make more accurate usability evaluation model. And this model was built with twenty-nine measurement variables for the evaluation of usability of vehicle user. As a result, the proposed SEM model showed statistical significance as well as a high level of R Square (0.7144). This model shows the relationships of detailed usability and design elements. According to the result, this study introduces the criterion to secure the best satisfaction of usability and design elements.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 1994

This study was done to determine whether specific alterations exist in hepatic microsomal function after varying periods of ischemia (IS) and reperfusion (RP) during microsomal lipid peroxidation occurs. Rats were pretreated with $\alpha$-tocopherol to inhibit lipid peroxidation or with vehicle (soybean oil). Control animals were time-matched sham-ischemic animals. Four groups of animals were studied: Group 1 (sham), group 2 (30 mins IS), group 3 (60 mins IS) and group 4 (90 mins IS). After 1, 5 or 24 hr of reperfusion, liver microsomes were isolated and cytochrome P-450s were studied. In all vehicle-treated ischemic rats, serum ALT levels peaked at 5 hr and were significantly reduced by $\alpha$-tocopherol pretreatment. Similarly, microsomal lipid peroxidation was elevated in all vehicle-treated ischemic animal groups, but this elevation was prevented by $\alpha$-tocopherol pretreatment. Cytochrome P-450 content was significantly decreased in both group 3 and group 4. In all vehicle-treated ischemic animal groups, aminopyrine N-demethylase activity was significantly decreased for the entire reperfusion period. $\alpha$-Tocopherol inhibited reductions of cytochrome P-450 content and aminopyrine N-demethylase activity at both 1 hr and 5hr of reperfusion but did not affect the reduced levels of cytochrome P-450 content and aminopyrine N-demethylase activity at 24 hr of reperfusion. Aniline p-hydroxylase activity was significantly decreased in group 4, whereas it was increased in group 3. These decreases and increases were prevented by $\alpha$-tocopherol pretreatment. Our finding suggests that abnormalities in microsomal drug metabolizing function occur during hepatic ischemia and reperfusion in vivo and this is attributed to microsomal lipid peroxidation.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.508-514
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• 2018

An electroencephalogram (EEG) evaluates the electrical activity generated by brain cell interactions that occur during brain activity, and an EEG can evaluate the brain activity caused by hand movement. In this study, a 16-channel EEG was used to measure the EEG generated before and after hand movement. The measured data can be classified as a supervised learning model, a support vector machine (SVM). To shorten the learning time of the SVM, a feature extraction and vector dimension reduction by filtering is proposed that minimizes motion-related information loss and compresses EEG information. The classification results showed an average of 72.7% accuracy between the sitting position and the hand movement at the electrodes of the frontal lobe.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2006

In order to study the effect of acupuncture stimulation on bone mineral density (BMD), using the ovariectomized (OVX) rat model, we assessed the degree of osteopenia by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, measured the level of locomotor activity using a metabolism measuring system, and performed histological studies of bone tissue. Twenty-four female Wistar rats (8 weeks old, 160 - 180 g)were divided into three groups. Rats in the OVX-A group underwent ovariectomy followed by acupuncture stimulation. The OVX rats in the Vehicle control group were not treated with acupuncture as a control. The rats in the control group received neither ovariectomy nor acupuncture. Acupuncture stimulation for 12 weeks in the OVX-A group inhibited the reduction in BMD of the femoral bones caused by ovariectomy. Moreover, in the two OVX groups, there was no clear difference in the level of locomotor activity between the active and resting phases prior to acupuncture stimulation in each rat, and the pattern of locomotor activity was irregular. After acupuncture stimulation of the OVX-A rats, the pattern of locomotor activity became diphasic with clear active and resting phases, as was observed in the Control group. On histological studies, the continuity of trabecular bone was maintained more favorably and bone mass was higher in the OVX-A group than in the vehicle control group. These results suggest that the increased locomotor activity that had been induced by acupuncture stimulation increased the BMD.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.31-39
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• 2012

This study aims to suggest a methodology of localizing and calibrating parameters, such as acceleration, deceleration, and lane changing which are the basis of car following model in interrupted traffic flow to overcome the limitation of origin and destination based transportation simulation and to verify the application of activity-based model for use in Korean roadway condition in a large scale area or a city. Especially, we figured out that a proper cell size reflecting Korean traffic conditions is 1.0m rather than 7.5m which is default size and a methodology of tracking vehicle behavior characteristics through tracking vehicle ID is suggested on this study. In addition, vehicle running characteristics in real interrupted traffic flow is analyzed through subdividing vehicle types and updating vehicle type ratio. For verification of suggested model, some portion of Dalgubyul-ro in the Daegu city is tested, and the possibility of realization of interrupted traffic flow in simulation is studied.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.528-535
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• 2011

According to railway safety regulations for securing the railway vehicle's quality and performance, it can be partly exempted that the performance tests and production inspections on the railway vehicles which are produced and assembled for the purpose of test and research. The reasons of this exemption are for ensuring maximum autonomy and for saving time considered the development period of railway vehicle. However, it was continuously demanded the necessity of supplementation on the confirmation about railway vehicle's quality & performance. Therefore, we added "The monitoring step" which is for securing the quality and performance in high speed railway vehicle's subsystem & compartment to supplement those tests & inspections in development. In this paper, based on a standard ABS(Activity Breakdown Structure) of railway vehicle and a WBS(Work Breakdown Structure) of the railway vehicle system, we investigate the necessity of monitoring in the High speed railway vehicle development. And by comparing and analyzing the essential requirements of international standard, IRIS(International Railway Industry Standard) & TSI(Technical Specification for Interoperability), we try to examine a standard monitoring procedure.