• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.347-356
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• 2010

Forests are being seriously fragmented as a result of land development. Land development with disregard to its subsequent environmental impacts is a primary threat to biodiversity by incurring massive habitat losses and changes in structure and composition of forests. The purpose of this study was to develop the impact assessment model for quantitative distance or degree of disturbance by land developments. This study conducted a survey about structure and composition of forest species to determine degree of impact from land development. The edge effect of forest fragmentation on the number of bird species, population size, and bird diversity was obvious. In particular, the bird diversity sharply declines around the forest edge where intensive land development projects take place. To assess the disturbance of forest species, the factors selected were the bird diversity and the rate of edge species. The impact assessment model about bird diversity was explained by type of forest fragmentation and type of vegetation ($R^2$=0.23, p<0.005). The other model about edge species explained by a distance, type of forest fragmentation, type of vegetation, and width of road ($R^2$=0.34, p<0.001). In order to test the applicability of the model developed in this study, the models was applied to the Samsong housing development in Goyang-si, Gyunggi-do. The impacts of land development on the bird species were reasonably quantified to suggest effective mitigation measure. The impact assessment model developed in this study is useful to assess the magnitude of disturbance of bird species. Particularly, the model could be applied to the current Environmental Impact Assessment practices to predict and quantify the impacts of land developments projects on forest bird species.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.90-101
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• 2022

The study aims to assess composition, diversity and population indices of natural regeneration of woody species in Jebel El Gerrie forest reserve, Blue Nile State, Sudan. We conducted field work between December 2018 and January 2019. We used random sampling to collect vegetation data in the forest where we made a total of 90 circular sample plots (radius 17.84 m) and distributed them proportionally to the area of each of the four density-based vegetation classes of the forest i.e. high density (C1), medium density (C2), low density (C3) and crop land (C4). In each sample plot we identified all regenerating tree species and counted their regeneration frequencies. We calculated ecological metrics of regeneration frequency, density, abundance, richness, evenness, diversity and importance value index (IVI) and drew abundance rank curve. Results revealed that out of fifteen mature tree species present, natural regeneration of 8 species, which belong to 6 families, was observed. The relatively most frequently naturally regenerating and abundant species were Anogeissus leiocarpa and Combretum hartmannianum. Richness, evenness and diversity of regenerating species were 1.33, 0.82 and 1.7, respectively. One-way ANOVA (α=0.05) of mean regeneration densities disclosed that there were significant differences (F_3,86=16.77, p=0.000) between C2 & C3 (p=0.000) and C2 & C4 (p=0.000). While regeneration of seven tree species were absent, two, two and four species were of good, poor and fair regeneration status, respectively. A comparison of mean density of natural regeneration with that of parent trees reflects a poor regeneration status of the forest. The study provides empirical results on the regeneration status of species and signifies the need for management interventions for species conservation and restoration, maintenance of biodiversity and sustainable production.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.281-291
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• 2000

금강송림의 식생단위와 환경과의 상관관계, 종조성, 종다양도, 종간결합 등 생태학적 특성들에 대하여 정량적으로 연구하였던 바 다음과 같이 요약되었다. 1) CCA 방법으로 분석한 결과 주로 지형, 해발, 유효인산, 마그네슘 등의 환경요인들이 높은 상관관계를 보여주고 있었다. 꼬리진달래군락은 해발이 논고 사면상부나 능선부쪽 지형으로 갈수록 더 많이 분포하는 경향이었고, 마그네슘과 칼슘이온의 농도는 낮은 입지에 주로 분포하였다. 산앵도나무군락은 칼슘, 마그네슘의 이온농도가 높은 입지에 분포하는 경향이었고, 사면중상부와 능선부로 갈수록 많이 분포하는 경향이었다. 2) 중요치 분석결과 각 지역의 교목층과 아교목층에서 중요치가 높게 나타난 종은 금강송, 신갈나무, 굴참나무, 졸참나무, 물푸레나무 등이었으며, 관목층에서는 소광리 지역이 다른 지역에 비해 금강송의 중요치가 높게 나타났다. 즉, 소광리의 금강송 임분이 천연갱신이 가장 잘 되고 있음을 반영하였다. 3) 종다양도지수를 보면 울진이 0.6622로 가장 낮았고, 기타지역은 대부분 0.7내외로 나타났으며, 식생단위별 종다양도 지수는 당단풍군락이 높게 나타났다. 4) 소광리지역은 울진과는 군락유사도의 차이가 낮게 나타났으며, 기타지역간에는 군락유사도가 0.6이상으로 높게 나타났다. 5) 종간결합관계 분석 결과 크게 두 개의 그룹으로 구분되었다. 한 그룹은 식물사회학적 분석에서의 표징종군과, 또 한 그룹은 식별종군과 거의 일치하였다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제97권6호
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• pp.597-604
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• 2008

이 연구는 잣나무(Pinus koraiensis) 장령식재림에 대한 생태적으로 건전한 산림작업종 개발의 필요성을 인식하여 부분 벌채 후 하층 식생의 이주와 생장을 시험하였다. 1997년 당시 강원대학교 학술림의 VII영급 잣나무림에서 약 50%의 임관을 소개하는 산벌작업을 실시하고 임지정리작업을 수행하여 하층에 갱신치수가 발생하도록 유도하였다. 10년 후, 많은 활엽수가 이주 정착하여 하층림을 형성하였으며, 10개의 $10m{\times}10m$ 영구표본구를 설정하고 주기적으로 수종구성, 종다양성, 그리고 직경과 수고의 생장과 분포를 조사하였다. 임관 소개에 의해서 2007년에 22종의 교목 수종과 20종의 관목 수종에 의해서 완전 울폐된 하층식생을 형성하였다. 산뽕나무의 중요치가 29.6%로 가장 높았고, 층층나무의 중요치는 17.0%로 산출되었으며, 이어서 쪽동백나무, 갈참나무, 신갈나무, 고로쇠나무, 잣나무의 순으로 구성 비율이 높았다. 2000년에 교목 26종이 출현하면서 종다양성지수가 2.547로 가장 높았고 그 후 감소 추세를 나타내어 2007년에는 22종의 교목으로 2.220의 종다양성지수를 나타내었다. 후계림이 점차 울창해지고 생장하면서 일부 내음성이 약한 수종들이 사라짐으로서 종다양성을 낮추는 결과를 초래하였다. 2007년에 하층목 중에서 직경이 가장 큰 나무는 11.3cm의 갈참나무였고, 수고가 가장 큰 나무는 9.8m의 층층나무였다. 후계림의 직경급과 수고급에 대한 숫적 분포는 역"J"자 모양을 나타내어 전형적인 이령림 분포가 이루어진 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.21-31
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• 1987

The overuse in the outdoor recreation lands has been deteriorating the natural resources and landscapes. So this study was executed to measure the users'impacts on vegetation and soil at Hwaum Temple District Campsite in the Mt. Jiri National Park, the southern part of Korea. Five sites were sampled in the study area according to the extent of impact observed. Then the users'densities and impacts on vegetation and soil were measured at each site. According to the result of this study, the numbers of species and individuals and the coverage of lower-layer vegetation showed outstanding changes by only light use. The numbers of species and individuals of middle-layer vegetation, species diversity indices, change rate in species composition of lower and middle-layer vegetation, damage rate of forces, contents of clay, soil moisture and organic matters, exchangeable base ions, soil hardness, organic matter depth and bare area of the campsite showed conspicuous changes from the site 4(19.6men / 1,000㎡). Especially, the self-repair of vegetation was impossible as the result of analysis of soil hardness and the formation of natural vegetation was expected to be difficult as the result of vegetation sturcture analysis over the users'average density of 19.6men /1,000㎡. The campsite management of this area shall be proposed as follows to prevent serious deterioration of natrual environment. A limitation of the present use and a conservation on soil and vegetation should be required at the site 4 and 5. Specially, prevention of camping recreation and artificial rehabilitation are necessary at the site 5(24. 3 men/1000㎡)

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2005년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1274-1279
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• 2005

The complex vegetation and plant species distributions within riparian corridors influence plant species diversity patterns at both local and regional scales and further reflect both natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Because of these characteristics, riparian zones are often the ecosystem level component that are most sensitive to changes of the surrounding environment; they provide early indications of environmental change and can be viewed as the important source in the watershed. The objectives of this study were two concepts: first, document the composition and dominance of plant communities of riparian areas in the stream, second, compare species composition and temporal diversity between stations in riparian areas of the Ian Stream. The flora was composed to total 158 kinds of the vascular plants as 49 family, 54 genera, 145 species, 12 varieties, 1 forma When the naturalized plant were applied to the recent classification system 280 kinds, the naturalization rate was $10.8\% higher than that of mean value($10.3\%$) of the Korean mountain district. Furthermore, urbanization index (UI) was $6.1\%$. The dominant vegetation communities were distributed in the habitats of three compartments from upstream to downstream. The vegetations were included Phragmites japonica, Salix gracilistyla, S. hulteni and Robinia pseudo-acacia in the riparian area, and Persicaria sieboldii, Stellaria alsine var. undulata, Draba nemorosa var. hebecarpa, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Lepidium apetalum, Bidens frondosa, Trigonotis peduncularis and Hemistepta lyrata in the sandbank or the riparian area, and Equisetum arvense, Humulus japonicus, Persicaria perfoliata, Trifolium repens, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Lactuca indica var. laciniata, Avena fatua, Agropyron yesoense, Oenothera odorata, Viola mandshurica, Rumex crispus in banksides, respectively.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.117-121
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate vegetation structure of Adenophora remotiflora population found to be distributed in Jeombongsan Danmokryeong. Methods : From 2007 June until November, $2m{\times}2m$ quadrat was established in Adenophora remotiflora community in order to record a dominants and coverage. Results : 1. The vegetation of Adenophora remotiflora community was classified into Astilbe chinensis subcommunity and Calamagrostis langsdodfii subcommunity. Differential species of community was Angelica deacrusica and Lychnis cognata. The Adenophora remotiflora community was found in south face, high of altitude and low slope degree. 2. The value of species diversity ranged from 5.547152 to 10.077886, euenness ranged from 0.779749 to 0.986358 and dominance ranged from 0.013642 to 0.220251. 3. Aconitum jaluense was located at the higher altitudes than those of other species. Lychnis cognata, Lychnis cognata and Pedicularis resupinata was located at the lower altitudes and slope degree than those of other species. Conclusions : The vegetation of Adenophora remotiflora community was classified into Astilbe chinensis subcommunity and Calamagrostis langsdodfii subcommunity. The value of species diversity was low and community was dominated by a large number species. The Adenophora remotiflora community was found in south face, high of altitude and low slope degree.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.290-296
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• 1998

울릉도 성인봉지역(해발 984m)에 대해 해발고별 식생변화를 살펴보기 위하여 해발고 l00m단위마다 l0m$\times$10m(l00$\m^2$) 조사구 4개씩을 설치 총 40개 조사구를 조사하였다. 군집의 분리를 위하여 TWINSPAN과 DCA를 이용하였으며, TWINSPAN분석 결과 해발 300m이하의 저지대, 해발 400~700m사이의 중지대, 그리고 해발 800m이상의 고지대로 구분되었고, DCA분석 결과 저지대와 중지대사이에 식생의 비연속성이 뚜렷하였고, 유사도지수도 같은 경향을 나타내었다. 해발고별 종다양성분석에서는 해발고간에 차이가 없었으나, 다만 최대종다양도는 저지대로 갈수록 높았다. 밀도분석에서는 중지대가 교목층과 아교목층에서 개체수가 높게 나타났으며, 흉고단면적은 저지대가 높았다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.527-537
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• 2010

This study are Geumjung mountain fortress of the Busan Metropolitan City in the north gate of the East gate around the trail to identify the vegetation structure importance value, dominance, species diversity, similarity index analysis. Results of the study, plot on the western slopes elevation 423-636m, slopes of $15{\sim}20^{\circ}$ slope areas, Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii, Quercus acutissima, Pinus thunbergii, Pinus rigida, Carpinus coreana, Quercus mongolica are fulfilling a community. Trees layer a height 8~12m, coverage 40~70%, sub-trees layer the height 3~7m, coverage 10~80%, shrubs layer the height 0.8~1.5m, coverage 20-30%, herb layer the height 0.1~0.5m, coverage 5-10% were in the range of plot in the east slope elevation 452-647m, slopes in the slope of $5-30^{\circ}$ and Pinus rigida, Pinus thunbergii, Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica, Quercus dentata, Carpinus coreana is fulfilling a community. The trees layer height 8~13m, coverage 0~70%, sub-trees layer the height 2~6m, coverage 0~80%, shrubs layer the height 0.8~1.5m, coverage 20-40%, herb layer the height 0.1-0.5m, coverage 5-40% were in the range. The survey showed to be in relatively good vegetation, but in some areas of Pinus rigida, Quercus acutissima, as was predicted in succession, the shrub layer in the plot of some dominated vine plants and vegetation management will be needed for this purpose respectively.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2010

태안해안국립공원은 우리나라 유일의 해안국립공원으로 대표적인 4개 섬인 외도, 대도, 장고도, 그리고 가의도에 대해 식생특성을 밝혔다. 각 섬마다 식생구조를 밝히고 비교를 하기 위하여 단위면적 $100mm^2$의 조사구 4개씩을 균등하게 설치하였다. 4개 섬에 대해 각각의 식생구조를 분석한 결과 외도와 장고도는 곰솔군락이 우점종이었으며, 고대도는 곰솔-소나무군락, 가의도는 소사나무-소나무군락이 우점종이었다. 그러나 각 섬의 물리적 환경에 따라 같은 곰솔이나 소나무군락이라도 종조성에 따라 차이가 있었다. Ordination과 유사도분석결과 외도와 가의도의 유사도가 6.58%로 가장 낮았으며, 종다양도(2.7183) 및 개체수 분석 결과 가의도가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다.