• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.101-113
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• 2011

The purpose of this study are to develop a SDSS (Spatial Decision Support System) that can incorporate diverse opinions of stakeholders related the designation of protected areas (PA), and to employ the model for the readjustment of the boundary line of the Jirisan National Park of Korea. The SDSS would lead to more rational and less controversial decision-making during the expansion or removal of PA in Korea. Research methods are as follows. Firstly, to select evaluation criteria for SDSS for PA designation by using expert interview and literature survey. Secondly, to measure their preferences on the designation of additional PA or the removal of a part of PA based on the opinions of various stakeholders such as local residents, environmental groups, or public officials. Thirdly, to produce conservation priority maps based on a multi-criteria decision making technique. The SDSS would be used to rational decision making for the expansion of PA or the release of a certain part of PA by reflecting diverse preferences on biodiversity conservation and economic interest of residents. The visualization of conservation priority maps would also increase the efficiency of such decision making processes. The evaluation criteria for the expansion of PA for biodiversity conservation includes vegetation conservation value, wildlife conservation value, and the habitats of key species. The evaluation criteria for the removal of PA includes the proximity to roads and the boundary of PA, land use types, and conservation zoning of the PA. Preference weights are based on data collected from the Jirisan National Park. Both the conservation priority and removal priority maps are based on land parcels so that property rights of all parcels would be correctly represented.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.4
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• pp.393-404
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• 2023

The Natural Monument Forest (NMF) is a form of natural and cultural heritage that has symbolized the harmony between nature and culture in Korea for a long time. Recently, the NMF has deteriorated due to industrialization and reckless city expansion. Given this situation, it is necessary to preserve and manage the ecosystem of the NMF through preferential research regarding the forest community structure. Accordingly, this study sought to identify the community structure by analyzing the vegetation classification, stratum structure,and species diversity using vegetation data collected from the Forest of Japanese Torreyas in Pyeongdae-ri, Jeju and the Subtropical Forest of Nabeup-ri, Jeju. The results classified the forest vegetation as a Litsea japonica community group divided into two communities: a Torreya nuciferacommunity and a Quercus glauca community. The T. nuciferacommunity was subdivided into the Idesia polycarpa group and Dryopteris erythrosora group, while the Q. glauca community was subdivided into the Mercurialis leiocarpa group and Arachniodes aristata group. The T. nucifera species showed the highest level of importance in vegetation units 1 (Litsea japonicacommunity group-Torreya nucifera community-Idesia polycarpa group) and 2 (Litsea japonica community group-Torreya nucifera community-Dryopteris erythrosora group), whereas Q. glauca showed the highest level of importance in vegetation units 3 (Litsea japonica community group-Quercus glauca community-Mercurialis leiocarpa group) and 4 (Litsea japonica community group-Quercus glauca community-Arachniodes aristata group). In terms of the species diversity, vegetation units 1, 2, 3, and 4 had 2.866, 2.716, 2.222, and 2.326 species, respectively. These findings suggest that it is necessary to prepare a differentiated management plan for each vegetation unit.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.255-263
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• 2015

Biological invasion of alien plants is considered to be one of the most serious threats to biodiversity in riparian zones. The effects of two invasive alien plants, Sicyos angulatus and Paspalum distichum var. indutum, on the flora and community structure of the riparian vegetation were investigated at 22 sites at streams in Korea. Sicyos angulatus has invaded the central Korean Peninsula. This alien plant has caused problems to stream managers because of its aggressive vining growth. It had suppressed native vegetation such as trees, shrubs and tall grasses on bank slope and higher floodplains. Paspalum distichum var. indutum has become more widespread in the southern part of Korea. This invasive plant has shallow rhizomes and creeping, extensively branched stolons. It forms a dense mat over lotic or slowly-flowing water and threatens submerged and short emergent hydrophytes. In order to control the introduction and expansion of alien plants, limitation of artificial disturbances and appropriate alien plant management are needed in riparian areas.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.450-452
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• 2003

In the present investigation, an estimation of the growth of heat island development of Tokyo metropolis which accounts nearly 100 sq. km of areal spread has been carried out. Band 6 data of LANDSAT TM (Thematic Mapper) data acquired on August 1984 and 1994 have been used for estimating the expansion of the heat island development. Since the vegetation decrease is usually associated with the heat island development, a ratio of green covering has also been assessed using TM data. In order to establish the relationship with the air temperature, AMeDAS(Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System) data have been correlated.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.216-224
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• 2021

Aim of this research was to classify forest types at Wando in Jeonnam Province and develop warm temperate forest management system with application of Remote Sensing and GIS. Another emphasis was given to the analysis of satellite images to compare forest type changes over 10 year periods from 2009 to 2019. We have accomplished this study by using ArcGIS Pro and ENVI. For this research, Landsat satellite images were obtained by means of terrestrial, airborne and satellite imagery. Based on the field survey data, all land uses and forest types were divided into 5 forest classes; Evergreen broad-leaved forest, Evergreen Coniferous forest, Deciduous broad-leaved forest, Mixed fores, and others. Supervised classification was carried out with a random forest classifier based on manually collected training polygons in ROI. Accuracy assessment of the different forest types and land-cover classifications was calculated based on the reference polygons. Comparison of forest changes over 10 year periods resulted in different vegetation biomass volumes, producing the loss of deciduous forests in 2019 probably due to the expansion of residential areas and rapid deforestation.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.353-364
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• 2016

Yangon city is experienced a rapid urban expansion over the last two decades due to accelerate with the socioeconomic development. This research work studied an investigation into the application of the integration of the Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) for observing Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) patterns and evaluate its impact on Land Surface Temperature (LST) of the downtown, suburban 1 and suburban 2 of Yangon city. The main purpose of this paper was to examine and analyze the variation of the spatial distribution property of the LULC of urban spatial information related with the LST and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using RS and GIS. This paper was observed on image processing of LULC classification, LST and NDVI were extracted from Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) image data. Then, LULC pattern was linked with the variation of LST data of the Yangon area for the further connection of the correlation between surface temperature and urban structure. As a result, NDVI values were used to examine the relation between thermal behavior and condition of land cover categories. The spatial distribution of LST has been found mixed pattern and higher LST was located with the scatter pattern, which was related to certain LULC types within downtown, suburban 1 and 2. The result of this paper, LST and NDVI analysis exhibited a strong negative correlation without water bodies for all three portions of Yangon area. The strongest coefficient correlation was found downtown area (-0.8707) and followed suburban 1 (-0.7526) and suburban 2(-0.6923).

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.264-276
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• 2021

Background: Salt marshes provide a variety of ecosystem services; however, they are vulnerable to human activity, water level fluctuations, and climate change. Analyses of the relationships between plant communities and environmental conditions in salt marshes are expected to provide useful information for the prediction of changes during climate change. In this study, relationships between the current vegetation structure and environmental factors were evaluated in the tidal flat at the southern tip of Ganghwa, Korea, where salt marshes are well-developed. Results: The vegetation structure in Ganghwa salt marshes was divided into three groups by cluster analysis: group A, dominated by Phragmites communis; group B, dominated by Suaeda japonica; and group C, dominated by other taxa. As determined by PERMANOVA, the groups showed significant differences with respect to altitude, soil moisture, soil organic matter, salinity, sand, clay, and silt ratios. A canonical correspondence analysis based on the percent cover of each species in the quadrats showed that the proportion of sand increased as the altitude increased and S. japonica appeared in soil with a relatively high silt proportion, while P. communis was distributed in soil with low salinity. Conclusions: The distributions of three halophyte groups differed depending on the altitude, soil moisture, salinity, and soil organic matter, sand, silt, and clay contents. Pioneer species, such as S. japonica, appeared in soil with a relatively high silt content. The P. communis community survived under a wider range of soil textures than previously reported in the literature; the species was distributed in soils with relatively low salinity, with a range expansion toward the sea in areas with freshwater influx. The observed spatial distribution patterns may provide a basis for conservation under declining salt marshes.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.176-190
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• 2017

South Korea is the northernmost distributional territory on the Camellietea japonicae (evergreen broad-leaved forests of the warm-temperate zone) in East Asia. A total of 40 stands were collected in terms of an ecologically-naturalized wild tea population (WTP), and their species composition was analyzed by $Z{\ddot{u}}rich$-Montpellier School's method with preliminary regard to forest canopy idendtification. Stand types were characterized by ecological flora's criteria such as Raunkiaer's life-form, neophyte, zonal distribution, and nativeness of species. Expansion of WTP distribution into the interior of the peninsula was recognized, than expected. The highest and northernmost WTPs have been recorded at Mt. Palgong, Daegu (390 m a.s.l.) and Iksan Jeonbuk (latitude $36^{\circ}$ 03' 33''), respectively. Altitudinal and latitudinal WTP distribution of Korea under continental climate shows lower than Japanese situation under oceanic climate. Community structure generally involved a few human interferences. Syngeographically WTP distribution was limited on the warm-temperate zone and the southernmost cool-temperate southern submontane zone. First driving force on distributional expansion of the WTP was anthropogenic, particularly in the northernmost distribution area. We finally confirmed an actual existence of the WTP in South Korea and suggested a long-term monitoring on the WTPs in national view of in-situ genetic resources with higher frost-resistance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.3
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• pp.358-365
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• 1998

To offer the basic information for sustainable production of forest resources and conservation of the global environment, change in potential natural vegetation (PNV) associated with climate change due to doubling atmospheric carbon dioxide ($2{\times}CO_2$) was estimated with the global natural vegetation mapping system based an K${\ddot{o}}$ppen scheme. The system interpolates climate data spherically to each grid cell, determines the vegetation types onto the grid cell, and produces potential vegetation map and area on the globe and continents. The climate data consist of the current, ($1{\times}CO_2$) climate prior to AD 1958 observed at some 2,000 stations and the doubling ($2{\times}CO_2$) climate estimated from Meteorological Research Institute of Japan. The vegetation zone under the $2{\times}CO_2$ climate scenario expanded mainly toward the poles due to the rise in temperature. The changed PNV area on the globe amounts to 1/3 (4.91 billion (G) ha) of the total land area (15.04 Gha). Kappa statistic for judging agreement between the patterns of vegetation distribution under $1{\times}CO_2$ climate and $2{\times}CO_2$ climates shows good agreement (0.63) for the globe as a whole. The most stable areas are desert and ice. The potential forest area (PFA) was estimated at 6.82 Gha of the land area in $2{\times}CO_2$ climate scenario. In terms of continental changes in PFA, North America and Asis are increased under the $2{\times}CO_2$ climate. However, the potential forest arms of the other continents are decreased by the climate. Europe has no change in the PFA. Especially, the expansion of desert area in Oceania would be accelerated by the $2{\times}CO_2$ climate.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.382-393
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to research the vegetation structure of the Bongamsa Forest Genetic Resourses Resreve Area in Mt. Heuyang, Mungyeong, Gyeongsangbuk-do. For doing this, ninety-two plots($100m^2/plot$) were set up and investigated, and then Classification analysis and Ordination analysis were carried out. As a result, the vegetation of this area is divided to nine communities; Quercus mongolica community, Quercus variabilis community, Pinus densiflora community, Pinus densiflora-Quercus serrata community, Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica community, Quercus serrata community, Decideous broad leaf community, Pinus koraiensis community, Larix kaempferi community. To compare between the communities, statistical analyses were conducted with topographical condition and the results of the vegetational investigation of each community. In altitude, slope, the number of species, the number of individuals in canopy and the number of individuals of understory layer, the mean averages among the communities were different in statistically significance. Then we analysed the vegetation community structure with Importance Percentage of each stratum. The oak tree communities were expected to keep or expand the actual communities because oak trees are spread widely in canopy and understory layers. But the pine tree dominant communities were expected to be succeeded to oak tree communities in the future because of the wide expansion of oak trees.