• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.50-67
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• 1993

This study analyzed the distribution and structure of the vegetation landscape in Naejangsan National Park. The plant distribution was investigated using a field survey. There were 72 sites sampled using the clumpled sampling method. The data derived from the investigation was analyzed using the quantitative analysis of Bray-Curtis method. The analysis was performed by the classification of TWINSPAN. The ordination of DCA and RA was used for the species composition and successional trends. The results are as follows; 1. Quercus. serrata-Q. variabilis community as 21.76(16.49$\textrm{km}^2$), was the largest community in the actual vegetation of the Naejangsan National Park. The degree of green naturality index 8 area covered 64.8% of the study area and the index 6 area did 16%. 2. Classified by the ordination of DCA and environmental variables, such as the plant community was divided into seven groups according to the altitude and forming groups; Chamaecy Paris. pisifera-P.densiflora community, P.densiflora community, Q.variailis community, T.nuciofera-A.palmatum community. 3. Ther species diversity and evenness indices of C.pisifera-P.densiflora community, P.densiflora community appeared low but C.laxiflora communitywhich was the most stable community in the study area. 4. The similarity indices between Q.variabilis community and Q.serrata-Q.variabilis community were calculated 58.84%, but those between other communities were comparatively low level. 5. The successional trends of DBH class seem to be from C. pisifera-P.densiflora community, P.densiflora community to Quercus species community and from Q.variabilis community, Q.serrata-Q.variabilis community to Carpinus species community. 6. Results suggested that the successional trends in Naejangsan National Park; P.densiflora community\longrightarrowQ.variablilis community, Q.serrata-Q.variabilis community\longrightarrowC.laxiflora community in sequence.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2005

This study emphasizes syntaxonomy and syndynamics of intermediate (Zwischen) moor (area: 14,000 $m^2$) at Mt. Shinbul in Yangsan, southeastern Korean Peninsula. A total of 105 vascular plant species including 26 monitor-species were recorded. Analysis by the $Z\"{u}rich$-Montpellier School's method distinguished eight vegetation units: Eleocharitis-Blyxetum echinospermae ass. nov., Eriocaulon sikokianum-Utricularia racemosa community, Eleocharis wichurai-Molinia japonica community, Platanthero-Molinietum japonicas, Miscanthus sinensis for. purpurascens community, Tripterygium regelii community, Symplocos chinensis-Quercus mongolica community, Symplocos chinensis-Quercus dentata community. PCoA (Principal Coordinates Analysis) shows that vegetation changes and distributional aspects are associated with both moisture condition and sunlight on the ground layer and soil nutrient level (mesotrophic to oligotrophic). Most important to Molinietea japonicas being representative intermediate moor vegetation at the southeasternmost fringe of the Korean Peninsula is the local cooling effect by mountainous cloud and mist zone resulting in shorter and wetter growing season. The Yangsan moor vegetation was compared with earlier descriptions of related Mujechi moor from anthropogenic and natural moor vegetations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.71-82
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• 2018

This study was conducted to provide ecological basic data that use to establish environmental conditions for cultivation of wild vegetables in 2016-2018. Therefore, we investigated the vegetation structure and the correlation between the community structure and the environmental factors for natural habitats of wild vegetables(Aster glehni, Allium ochotense, and Aruncus sylvester) distributed in Ulleungdo. As a result of population and gradient analysis, the vegetation was classified into Aster glehni community, Allium ochotense community, and Aruncus sylvester community. We confirmed that the classification by population analysis was consistent with that by TWINSPAN method, suggesting that they were complemented each other. The importance value of Aster glehni was the highest in all communities, followed by Aruncus sylvester, Allium ochotense, Hydrangea petiolaris, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Asperula ldorata, Phryma leptostachya var. asiatica, Disporum viridrescens, Hedera rhombea, Anthriscus sylvestris, and Hepatica maxima. According to the results of DCCA ordination analysis, among those communities, the Aster glehni community was distributed in soil where the nutrition including T-N and O.M. were intermediate. The Allium ochotense community was distributed on the a little high northern slope at the highest altitude where the CEC and O.M. were the highest, and other nutrition and pH were low. The Aruncus sylvester was distributed on high slope and altitude on which the amount of exchangeable cation such as $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ and pH were high, and the CEC, $P_2O_5$, and O.M. were the lowest.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2003

The study was performed to understand the actual vegetation by using the phytosociological method on the Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior community group in Jeju Island. The flora was composed of 48 families, 156 genera, 200 species, 28 varieties, 2 forma or 230 taxa. The Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior community group vegetation was classified into two communities and one association; Erigeron annuus - Conyza sumatrensis, Bromus tectorum - Bidens pilosa, Setaria viridis - Eleusine indica community and Lactuco indicae - Humuletum japonicae association. Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior community group was wide from the coastal areas up to the elevation of 1500 meter on Young sil of Mt. Halla. The highest dominance of the Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior is 345 meter which is located near Seoneheul-ri Jocheon-eup, on the other hand the lowest one is located 1020 meter near Young-sil of Mt. Halla.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.117-121
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate vegetation structure of Adenophora remotiflora population found to be distributed in Jeombongsan Danmokryeong. Methods : From 2007 June until November, $2m{\times}2m$ quadrat was established in Adenophora remotiflora community in order to record a dominants and coverage. Results : 1. The vegetation of Adenophora remotiflora community was classified into Astilbe chinensis subcommunity and Calamagrostis langsdodfii subcommunity. Differential species of community was Angelica deacrusica and Lychnis cognata. The Adenophora remotiflora community was found in south face, high of altitude and low slope degree. 2. The value of species diversity ranged from 5.547152 to 10.077886, euenness ranged from 0.779749 to 0.986358 and dominance ranged from 0.013642 to 0.220251. 3. Aconitum jaluense was located at the higher altitudes than those of other species. Lychnis cognata, Lychnis cognata and Pedicularis resupinata was located at the lower altitudes and slope degree than those of other species. Conclusions : The vegetation of Adenophora remotiflora community was classified into Astilbe chinensis subcommunity and Calamagrostis langsdodfii subcommunity. The value of species diversity was low and community was dominated by a large number species. The Adenophora remotiflora community was found in south face, high of altitude and low slope degree.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.345-360
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to suggest vegetation management Planning and plant community structure of Camellia Japonica forest at Hakdong, Kojedo, Hallyo-Haesang National Park. Forty-six plots(l00$\m^2$/plot) were established in Camellia japonica forest and surveyed. By DCA ordination technique and mean importance value analysis, the plant communities were classified into four community types, which were Camellia japonica community, Camellia japonica-Eurya japonica community, Camellia japonica-Neolitsea sericea community, Chumaecyparis obtusa-Camellia japonica community. It was supposed that Camellia japonica-Neolitsea sericeu community succeeded to Neolitsea sericea community. The others would not be replaced by another woody species. The vegetation management for successional controls in long-term basis were suggested; for the short-term basis, the species of Chamaecyparis obtusa, Neolitsea sericea and Eurya japonica should be removed. The species of Quercus serrata, Prunus sargentii, Meliosma myriantha, Machilus thunbergii and Litsea japonica. must be controlled under the long-term management of vegetation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information and investigate a vegetation structure around Tohamsan (Mt.) Wetland. Actual vegetation map was made on the basis of watershed around that. Vegetation structure survey was carried out for 8 representative communities of actual vegetation which were Pinus densifrora community, Quercus variabilis community, Cornus controversa community, Q. serrata community, Q. mongolica-Q. serrata community, Salix koreensis community, Q. mongolica community, Q. variabilis-Q. mongolica-Q. serrata community. Tohamsan (Mt.) Wetland is located on 490m above sea level and the area of watershed was $236,272m^2$. Vegetation type were divided into 16 types, and the ratio of Q. mongolica community was 33.1% ($78,209.2m^2$). In order to turn out the structure of 8 representative communties, 32 plots were set up and unit area of plot was $100m^2$. The estimated age of forest is 30~50-years-old, and in the resutls of soil analysis, acidity was pH 4.89 and organic matter was 4.46%.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.119-130
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to investigate vegetation structure and to present management plan of mountain type green space in Kangwhado, Inchon. The actual vegetation in survey sites(11,331ha) was divided into 19 community types. It was consisted of secondary forest(92.32%) which was Quercus acutissima, Pinus densiflora-Q. acutissima, and Q. mongolica community so on. Artificial planting forest area, such as Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus rigida forest and others, was 5.40%(612ha) and it was less than cases in other cities in the Metropolitan area. According to the classification by TWINSPAN, 57 survey plots were divided into seven community types; P rigida(community A), Q. acutissima(community B) P. densiflora-Q. acutissima(community C), Q. acutissima-P. densiflora (community D), P. densiflora-Carpinus laxiflora-Q. serrata-Q. acutissima(community E), Q. serrata-Q. mongolica(community F), and Zelkova serrata-Acer mono(community G). From this result, ecological succession trend of vegetation in this area seems to be change from P. densiflora forest through Q. acutissima forest to Q. mongolica, Q. serrata, and C. laxiflora forest. It was similar to the ordinary successional trend of temperate deciduous forest in middle area, Korea. In addition, this study area was showed acid soil(pH 4.17). Therefore, there is a need for managing the soil environment for effective vegetation management.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.202-219
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the community structure of forest vegetation in Mt. Geumsusan belong to Woraksan National Park for providing basic information of ecological management. Data were collected by 41 plots from June to November in 2016 using Z-M phytosociology method, which was analyzed with vegetation types, mean importance value and coincidence method. As the results, the forest vegetation was classified into Quercus mongolica community group including Cornus controversa community, Castanea crenata community(Vegetation unit 3), Quercus variabilis community(Vegetation unit 4) and Q. mongolica community(Vegetation unit 5). C. controversa community was divided into two groups such as Ulmus davidiana var. japonica group(Vegetation unit 1) and Parthenocissus tricuspidata group(Vegetation unit 2). Mean importance percentage of vegetation unit 1 was showing Fraxinus rhynchophylla 14.9%, Morus bombycis 8.7% and Acer pictum subsp. mono 8.3%, that of unit 2 was Larix kaempferi 23.2%, C. controversa 20.1% and P. tricuspidata 6.5%, that of unit 3 was Q. mongolica 15.8%, C. crenata 13.4% and F. rhynchophylla 9.8%, that of unit 4 was Q. mongolica 26.6%, Q. variabilis 20.8% and Pinus densiflora 16.7%, that of unit 5 was Q. mongolica 48.3%, Styrax obassia 7.5%, F. rhynchophylla 5.3% in the order, respectively. Each vegetation unit was classified with dependance on environmental factors as 700m of altitude, $20^{\circ}$ of slope degree, middle slope of topography, 20% of bare rock, 30 taxa of present species, 80% of tree layer coverage rate and 20m of tree layer height. In conclusion, it was preferentially considered that development of peculiar and specific management methods with vegetation unit classified above should be needed for ecological and sustainable forest vegetation management.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.390-399
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• 2007

We analyzed the vegetation environment at the stream section of habitat in which Cottus koreanus lives. The plant communities were classified into Fraxinus rhynchophylla community, Acer ginnala-Salix koreensis community, Phragmites japonica-Salix gracilistyla community, Salix gracilistyla community, Phragmites japonica community, Robinia pseudo-acacia community, and Oenanthe javanica-Persicaria thunbergii community. The frequency of Phragmites japonica-Salix gracilistyla community was the most. And also the frequencies of Fraxinus rhynchophylla community and Salix gracilistyla community were high. In stream bank zone and terrace zone, the typically represented vegetation was the Fraxinus rhynchophylla community and Acer ginnala-Salix koreensis community and Phragmites japonica-Salix gracilistyla community, respectively. The rNCD of the top-priority plants applied to restoration of the vegetation in stream bank zone came out by the order of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, Salix koreensis, Acer ginnala, Salix gracilistyla, and Fraxinus rhynchophylla. The rNCD in terrace zone was arranged by the order of Salix gracilistyla, Phragmites japonica, and Artemisia princeps. The spatial distribution of vegetation was the most greatly influenced by cross-sectional position of the surveyed stream, and this aspect is believed to be due to the habitat's physical stability. Species diversity also obviously makes a great difference depending on their surrounding physical stability.