• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.193-203
• /
• 2000

Objectives : Hindered barrier function of vascular endothelium has been implicated in the initiation and progression of degenerative vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. In this study, the effect of Sunghyangchungisan(SHCS) as a protectant against oxidant-induced destruction of endothelial barrier function was assessed. Methods : Toward this end, endothelial cells derived from the human umbilical vein were cultured as monolayers on permeable membrane filters. Endothelial permeability was monitored by measuring transendothelial electrical resistance and movement of low density lipoprotein (LDL) across the endothelial monolayer. Results : Along with increased movement of LDL, $H_2O_2$-induced increase in endothelial permeability was paralleled by a decrease in transendotheliaI electrical resistance. The effect of $H_2O_2$ was mimicked by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a potent activator of proteinkinase C. Calphostin-C, a protein kinase C inhibitor, effectively blocked the increase in endothelial permeability induced by $H_2O_2$ or PMA, indicating that activation of protein kinase C is associated with the $H_2O_2-induced$ permeability change. SHCS effectively protected the endothelial monolayer against $H_2O_2-induced$ increase in permeability, whereas, it did not affect PMA-induced change. Forskolin, a potent activator of adenylyl cyclase, antagonized $H_2O_2$ to increase endothelial permeability. In addition, in ${H_2O_2}-treated$ cens, intracenular cAMP concentration was significantly decreased, indicating that impaired cAMP production as well as activation of proteinkinase C is a mechanism underlying ${H_2O_2}>-induced$$H_2O_2$ with regard to its effect on intracellular cAMP content. However, SHCS itself did not affect resting cAMP concentration in endothelial cells. Conclusions : These results suggest that SHCS might operate as an effective protectant against oxidant-induced destruction of endothelial barrier function. The mechanism does not appear to involve direct interaction with protein kinase C- or cAMP-associated signaling mechanism.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.1 no.4
• /
• pp.363-370
• /
• 2007

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in adiponectin gene has been associated with insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study was performed to investigate the association of SNP 276G${\rightarrow}$T at adiponectin gene with CVD risk factors in Korean type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. The subjects were 351 type 2 DM patients visited a DM clinic in Seoul, and the patients with known CVD were excluded. The adiponectin SNP 276G${\rightarrow}$T was analyzed and dietary intakes were assessed by a Food Frequency Questionnaire. The prevalence of G/G, G/T, and T/T genotype was 47.6%, 43.3%, and 9.1%, respectively. Male subjects with T/T genotype showed significantly lower level of adiponectin and HDL-cholesterol and significantly higher C-reactive protein (CRP) level compared to G/G and G/T genotypes. In G/G genotype, protein intake was negatively correlated to body weight, BMI, and waist circumference, and there were positive correlation between carbohydrate intake and BMI, waist-hip ratio, and ApoB/apoA-1 ratio in G/T genotype. However, in T/T genotype, there was no significant association between macronutrient intakes and anthropometric and hematological values. In conclusion, CVD risk would be high in type 2 DM patients with T/T genotype, and the association of macronutrient intakes with anthropometric and hematologic factors was different among the three adiponectin genotypes. These results may imply the need for different dietary management regime according to adiponectin genotype to lower CVD complications in Korean type 2 DM patients.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.281-288
• /
• 2000

Leukocyte activation with cardiac surgery procedures produces various iuflammatory substances and involves in postoperative pathophysiology. The present study was carried out to elucidate changes in leukocyte myeloperoxidase level and effect on the heart and lung during cardiac operation. Total leukocyte and differential counts in peripheral blood, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and troponin-T concentratiens (TnT) in coronary sinus blood, and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were measured at preoperative and postoperative period. The parameters were compared between sampling periods, and relationship was investigated between MPO and each variable. At the end of operation, there were leukocytosis with neutrophilia (p＜0.01), and increases of MPO and TnT concentrations (p＜0.05), but decrease in PVR (p＜0.05). MPO had a positive correlation to TnT, total leukocyte, neutrophil, or operative times (p＜0.05), whereas PVR had a negative relationship to total leukocyte or neutrophil counts (p＜0.05). These results indicate that cardiac surgery leads to elevated liberations of myeloperoxidase from neutrophils and may harmfully affect myocardium.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.13 no.9
• /
• pp.515-521
• /
• 2015

In this study, we tried to analyze arterial stiffness of Jeju female divers who diver into cold water without the assistance of oxygen. For this purpose we measured pulse wave velocity and ankle-brachial index of Jeju female divers and same aged females who didn't have any cardiovascular risk for comparing the vascular stiffness. The results were the following : First, the light-femoral pulse wave velocity of Jeju female divers was significantly lower than normal women of the same ages. Second, Jeju female divers's ABI showed higher tendency than normal same aged women. These result showed that Jeju female divers' body had been completed for adaptation to low temperature and high pressure water environment through a long-term immersion activities in old age, as well as due to higher physical activity levels of Jeju female divers peripheral vascular resistance was not reduced.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.128-140
• /
• 2001

Infection of pepper leaves by Colletotrichum cocodes at the two- and eight-leaf stages caused susceptible and resistant lesions 96 h after inoculation, respectively. At the two-leaf stage, progressive symptom development occurred on the infected leaves. In contrast, localized necrotic spots were characteristic symptoms at the eight-leaf stage. Infected leaves at the two-leaf stage exhibited cell death accompanied by the accumulation of autofluorescent compounds. At the eight-leaf stage, pepper leaves infected by the anthracnose fungus displayed localized autofluorescence from the symptoms. Infection of pepper leaves by C. cocodes at the two-leaf stage resulted in its rapidand massive colonization of all the leaf tissues including the vascular tissue, together with cytoplasmic collapse, distortion of chloroplasts, and disruption of host cell walls. However, penetration of C. cocodes was very limited in the older leaf tissues of pepper plants at the eight-leaf stage. Fungal hyphae grew only in the intramural spaces of the epidermal cell walls at this stage. Occlusion of amorphous material in xylem vessels, aggregation of fibrillar material in inter-cellular spaces, and deposition of protein bodies were found as resistance responses to C. cocodes.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.64 no.5
• /
• pp.196-207
• /
• 2021

Over the last few decades, the rates of pediatric obesity have more than doubled regardless of sociodemographic categorization, and despite these rates plateauing in recent years there continues to be an increase in the severity of obesity in children and adolescents. This review will discuss the pediatric obesity mediated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as attenuated levels of satiety and energy metabolism hormones, insulin resistance, vascular endothelial dysfunction, and arterial stiffness. Additionally, early intervention to combat pediatric obesity is critical as obesity has been suggested to track into adulthood, and these obese children and adolescents are at an increased risk of early mortality. Current suggested strategies to combat pediatric obesity are modifying diet, limiting sedentary behavior, and increasing physical activity. The effects of exercise intervention on metabolic hormones such as leptin and adiponectin, insulin sensitivity/resistance, and body fat in obese children and adolescents will be discussed along with the exercise modality, intensity, and duration. Specifically, this review will focus on the differential effects of aerobic exercise, resistance training, and combined exercise on the cardiovascular risks in pediatric obesity. This review outlines the evidence that exercise intervention is a beneficial therapeutic strategy to reduce the risk factors for CVD and the ideal exercise prescription to combat pediatric obesity should contain both muscle strengthening and aerobic components with an emphasis on fat mass reduction and long-term adherence.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.191-198
• /
• 1996

Amrinone is a non-glycosidic, non-adrenergic positive inotropic agent with peripheral and coronary vasodilator effect. It inhibits phosphodiesterase F-III, the cardiac cyclic-AMP specific phosphodiesterase, selectively and potently. In this study, the effects of IV administered amrinone and dopamine were compared in 40 patients who had open heart surgery. Amrinone was administered as a bolus of 1 5~2mglkg for several minutes, followed by continuous infusion at 5~1 Oug/kg/min. The hemodynamic measurements including heart rate, systolic and diastolic pressure, cardiac index, pulmonary wedge pressure, and systemic vascular resistance were recorded immediately for 12~24 hours awl 7th day following operation. In amrinone group, cardiac index increased from 3.73$\pm$1.39 L/min/m2 to 5.44$\pm$2.65 L/min/m2 at the time of posterative 48 hours (n=20, p< 0.05). The decrease in systemic vascular resistance from 1237.5 $\pm$ 637.7 dyne/sec/cm2 to 1000.8 $\pm$ 608.5 dyne/sec/cm2(p<0.05). In Dopamine group, the heart rate increased from 92.1 $\pm$ 13.0/min to 101.0 $\pm$ 13.1/min and the cardiac index decreased from 3.40 $\pm$ 0.50 L/min/m2 to 2.53 $\pm$ 1.15 L/min/m2 at the time of postoperative 12 hours(p<0.05). Systemic vascular resistance increased from 1058.5 $\pm$ 234.6 dyne/sec/cm2 to 1979.7 $\pm$ 759.2 dynelsec/cm2 The comparison of the hemodynamic effects of amrinone and dopamine, both drugs improved cardiac performance. But the administration of amrinone results in a higher cardiac index, diastolic blood pressure and lower systemic vascular resistance than those achieved with dopamine (p<0.05). The uniqueness of the action of amrinone on the heart and its sustained hemodynamic effect suggest it has clinical promise, pos operative care of cardiac surgery

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.35 no.9
• /
• pp.664-667
• /
• 2002

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) provides stable oxygenation to prevent elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance and bypasses a significant part of cardiac output to the pulmonary vascular bed to reduce pulmonary perfusion pressure. In addition, ECMO prevents right heart failure and low cardiac output by means of ventricular assist and reduction in volume load to right ventricle. As a result, ECMO can be used for the treatment of pulmonary hypertensive crisis after surgery for congenital heart disease, especially when it is refractory to conventional measures. We report a case of postoperative pulmonary hypertensive crisis, developed in a 37-year-old male with patent ductus arteriosus with secondary pulmonary hypertension, which was successfully managed including ECMO.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.69-79
• /
• 2020

Aging is one of the risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. During the progression of cellular senescence, cells enter a state of irreversible growth arrest and display resistance to apoptosis. As a flavonoid, quercetin induces apoptosis in various cells. Accordingly, we investigated the relationship between quercetin-induced apoptosis and the inhibition of cellular senescence, and determined the mechanism of oxidative stress-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) senescence. In cultured VSMCs, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) dose-dependently induced senescence, which was associated with increased numbers of senescence-associated β-galactosidase-positive cells, decreased expression of SMP30, and activation of p53-p21 and p16 pathways. Along with senescence, expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was observed to increase and the levels of proteins related to the apoptosis pathway were observed to decrease. Quercetin induced apoptosis through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. This action led to the alleviation of oxidative stress-induced VSMC senescence. Furthermore, the inhibition of AMPK activation with compound C and siRNA inhibited apoptosis and aggravated VSMC senescence by reversing p53-p21 and p16 pathways. These results suggest that senescent VSMCs are resistant to apoptosis and quercetin-induced apoptosis attenuated the oxidative stress-induced senescence through activation of AMPK. Therefore, induction of apoptosis by polyphenols such as quercetin may be worthy of attention for its anti-aging effects.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.621-628
• /
• 2016

Hypertension can be caused by various factors while the predominant causes include increase in body fluid volume and resistance in the circulatory system that elevate the blood pressure. Consumption of probiotics has been proven to attenuate hypertension; however, the effect is much strain-dependent. In this study, a newly isolated Lactobacillus casei (Lb. casei ) strain C1 was investigated for its antihypertensive properties in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) suspension of 11 log colony-forming unit (CFU) was given to SHR (SHR+LAB, n=8), and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was given as a control in SHR (SHR, n=8) and in Wistar rats as sham (WIS, n=8). The treatment was given via oral gavage for 8 weeks. The results showed that the weekly systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and aortic reactivity function were remarkably improved after 8 weeks of bacterial administration in SHR+LAB. These effects were mostly attributed by restoration of wall tension and tensile stress following the bacterial treatment. Although not statistically significant, the level of malondialdehye (MDA) in SHR+LAB serum was found declining. Increased levels of glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO) in SHR+LAB serum suggested that the bacterium exerted vascular protection through antioxidative functions and relatively high NO level that induced vasodilation. Collectively, Lb. casei strain C1 is a promising alternative for hypertension improvement.