• Title/Summary/Keyword: Various Diets

Search Result 457, Processing Time 0.036 seconds

Simultaneous determination of illegal galactagogue adulterants in supplement diets by LC-MS/MS

  • Lee, Ji Hyun;Cho, So-Hyun;Park, Han Na;Park, Hyoung Joon;Kim, Nam Sook;Park, Sung Kwan;Kang, Hoil
    • Analytical Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.31 no.4
    • /
    • pp.171-178
    • /
    • 2018
  • Recently, for successful lactation, many breastfeeding mothers seek various products, including herbal medicine, dietary supplements, and prescribed medicines, to improve milk production. As demand for galactogogues grows, it is highly possible that pharmaceutical galactogogues may be adulterated with illegal products to maximize their efficacy. For continuous control and supervision of illegal products, we developed and validated a simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS method capable of simultaneously determining five galactogogues. Chromatographic separation was conducted using an Agilent Poroshell $120SB-C_{18}$ column with a mobile phase consisting of 20 mM ammonium formate (pH 5.4) and 100 % acetonitrile. The total run time was 13 min per analyte. The proposed method was performed according to the guidelines of the International Conference of Harmonization and it produced reliable results. This method showed high sensitivity and specificity, with a limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.01-0.82 ng/mL and 0.02-2.45 ng/mL, respectively, for the solid- and liquid-type samples. Specificity was evaluated by analyzing matrix-blank samples spiked with the target compounds at LOQ levels, which provided a good separation of all peaks without interference. Additionally, the repeatability and intermediate precision were typically <15 %, whereas the recovery was 80-120 % of the values obtained using blank samples. Thus, we concluded that this method could be used for the identification and quantification of galactogogues in food or herbal products.

Effect of Various Energy Regimens on Egg Production and Feed Cost of Broiler Breeders Peaked in Winter Season (동절기 산란피크 육용종계 산란기의 에너지 공급체계가 산란능력과 경제성에 미치는 영향)

  • 함영훈;김상인;이규호
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
    • /
    • v.30 no.3
    • /
    • pp.169-175
    • /
    • 2003
  • This experiment was conducted to study the optimum energy feeding regimens fur broiler breeders peaked in winter season with 400 caged hens of Ross strain. Four energy supply regimens which were different in daily energy allotment during laying period were employed for 40 weeks from 24 to 64 weeks of age. All experimental diets were formulated to contain 2,750 kcal ME/kg with adjustments made in total feed allotment to provide the desired energy levels. Total consumption of the feed would provide 20 g of protein, 4 g of calcium and 0.35 g of available phosphorus. There were no difference in hen-day egg production and average egg weight among the regimens of energy supply. Feed, ME and feed cost required per egg or per kg egg were significantly increased as the level of energy allotment increased(p<0.05). It was concluded that the energy supply regimen, which supplied 280 kcal ME per day at the age of 24 weeks and then increased the energy supply up to 400 kcal ME per day at the peak period of 30∼34 weeks of age, was superior in feed, ME and feed cost required per egg or per kg egg without any adverse effect on eg production and egg weight.

Effects of Sea Tangle (Laminaria japonica) and Fucoidan Components on Anti-aging Action (노화억제작용에 미치는 다시마(Laminaria japonica)와 후코이단 성분의 영향)

  • 최진호;김대익;박수현;김동우;이종수;유종현;정유섭
    • Journal of Life Science
    • /
    • v.9 no.4
    • /
    • pp.439-452
    • /
    • 1999
  • This study was designed to investigate the effects of sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) extract and fucoidan components on anti-aging action. Sprague-Dawley(SD) male rats (210$\pm$5g) were fed experimental diets Dasi-Ex group: sea tangle extract powder of 4.0% added to control diet; Fuco-I, II and III groups: funcoidan powder of 1, 2 and 3% added to Dasi-Ex group for 45 days. Hydroxyl radical (.OH) formations were significantly inhibited (10-20% and 25-30%) in serum and brain mitochondria of Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I, II and III groups compared with control group. Significant differences in .OH formations of brain mitochondria in Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I groups could not be obtained, but.OH formations of brain microsomes resulted in a significant decrease (15-20%) in Fuco-II and III groups compared with control group. Basal oxygen radical (BOR) formations were significantly decreased about 10% and 13-15% in brain mitochondria of Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I group, and Fuco-II, III groups, and also decreased about 10% and 15-20% in brain microsomes of Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I groups, and Fuco-II, III groups. LPO levels of brain mitochondria and microsomes were significantly inhibited about 10% in Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I, II groups and 15% in Fuco-III groups. Oxidized proteins (>C=O) were significantly inhibited about 10% in serum of Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I, II, III groups and brain mitochondria of Dasi-Ex group, while remarkably inhibited (30~35%) in brain mitochondria of Fuco-I, II and III groups. Nitric oxide (NO) levels were significantly inhibited (12~15%) in serum of Fuco-I, II and III groups, but there no significant difference in serum NO levels of Dasi-Ex group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were remarkably increased (30~ 60%) in serum of Fuco-I, II and III groups, but there were no significant differences in SOD activities in serum of Dasi-Ex group. Catalase (CAT) activities were significantly increased about 20% in serum of Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I, II, III groups. Mn-SOD activities in brain mitochondria were significantly increased about 17% in Dasi-Ex group, while remarkably increased 26~36% in Fuco-I, II, III groups. Cu,Zn-SOD activities in brain cytosol were dose-dependently of fucoidan increased 10%, 12% and 18%, respectively, compared with control group. These results suggest that anti-aging effects of fucoidan may play a pivotal role in attenuating a various age-related changes such as chronic degenerative disease and senile dementia.

  • PDF

A Comparison of Various Energy and Protein Concentrations in Diets on the Performance, Bone Mineral Density and Blood Characteristics of Broiler Chicks

  • Choe, Ho Sung;Um, Jae Sang;Ryu, Kyeong Seon
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
    • /
    • v.40 no.4
    • /
    • pp.369-377
    • /
    • 2013
  • Two experiments were conducted separately with different concentration of dietary energy and protein to evaluate the performance, blood characteristics and bone mineral density (BMD) of broiler chicks. In experimentr 1, a total of 480 heads one-day-old Ross ${\times}$ Ross broiler chicks were randomly divided into 6 treatments (5 replications; 16 birds/pen). Three concentration of ME (3,000, 3,100 and 3,200 kcal/kg) and two of CP (pre-starter 22, 23%, starter 20, 21% and finisher 18, 19%) in a $3{\times}2$ factorial arrangement of treatments were used. In experiment 2, similar chicks and CP concentration was used but ME concentration was changed (pre-starter; 3,000, 3,050 and 3,100 kcal/kg, starter; 3,050, 3,100 and 3,150 kcal/kg, finisher; 3,100, 3,150 and 3,200 kcal/kg) in the diet. In both experiments, 10 blood and tibia samples were collected per treatment and blood characteristics and BMD were analyzed. In experiment 1, weight gain and feed intake were increased by the 3,000 kcal/kg ME in the diet (P<0.05). Serum total protein and albumin levels were increased numerically with the level of CP in the diet. Total cholesterol and HDL content were increased numerically with the energy content in the diet. Consistently in experiment 2, weight gain was increased numerically by the energy and protein level (prestarter $3,000{\times}23$, starter $3,050{\times}21$ and finisher 3,100 kcal/kg ME and 19% CP) in the diet. Serum glucose level was increased with the energy level in the diet (P<0.05). Therefore, serum total protein, albumin, triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL contents were tended to increase with the energy increments in the diet.

GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND AMINO ACID DIGESTIBILITIES AFFECTED BY VARIOUS PLANT PROTEIN SOURCES IN GROWING-FINISHING PIGS

  • Moon, H.K.;Kim, J.W.;Heo, K.N.;Kim, Y.H.;Kim, S.W.;Kwon, C.H.;Shin, I.S.;Han, In K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • v.7 no.4
    • /
    • pp.537-546
    • /
    • 1994
  • This experiment was carried out to compare the effects of six different plant protein sources such as soybean meal, extruded full-fat soybean, canola meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal and perilla meal as a sole protein source of diets on growth performance and amino acid bioavailabilities in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 54 pigs with average 25 kg of body weight were used as experimental subjects for a 65-d feeding trial. Digestion trial was carried out with seven ileal-cannulated pigs. The most rapid rate of weight gain was observed in pigs fed soybean meal and full-fat soybean, the moderate one in pigs fed canola meal and cottonseed meal and the least one in pigs fed rapeseed meal and perilla meal (p<0.005). Feed efficiency was better for groups fed soybean meal and full-fat soybean than other protein meals (p<0.05). The apparent ileal digestibilities of essential amino acids of soybean meal and full-fat soybean (82.5% and 81.6%) were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of other protein sources (61.2 to 69.4%). Regardless of protein sources, the apparent ileal digestibility of arginine was highest, whereas that of histidine was lowest among essential amino acids. Proline had the lowest digestibility among non-essential amino acids. True amino acid digestibilities tended to be higher than apparent amino acid digestibilities. The differences between true and apparent ileal digestibilities were greater in canola meal, rapeseed meal or cottonseed meal than other protein sources. The differences was greatest in praline except for cottonseed meal. The fecal digestibility appeared to be higher than the ileal digestibility. The differences between fecal and ileal digestibilities were greater in canola meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal and perilla meal than in soybean meal and full-fat soybean. In general, praline was the most disappeared amino acid in the hind gut, while the net synthesis of lysine in the large intestine was observed in all protein sources except perilla meal. It is appropriate that swine feeds should be formulated based on true ileal amino acid digestibility of protein sources for pig's normal growth.

Dietary Protein Sources Affect Internal Quality of Raw and Cooked Shell Eggs under Refrigerated Conditions

  • Wang, X.C.;Zhang, H.J.;Wu, S.G.;Yue, H.Y.;Wang, J.;Li, Jie;Qi, Guang-Hai
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • v.28 no.11
    • /
    • pp.1641-1648
    • /
    • 2015
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various protein sources (soybean meal, SBM; cottonseed protein, CSP; double-zero rapeseed meal, DRM) on the internal quality of refrigerated eggs. A total of 360 laying hens (32 wk of age) were randomly allotted to six treatment groups (five replicates per treatment) and fed diets containing SBM, CSP, or DRM individually or in combination with equal crude protein content (SBM-CSP, SBM-DRM, and CSP-DRM) as the protein ingredient(s). A $6{\times}3$ factorial arrangement was employed with dietary types and storage time (0 d, 2 wk, and 4 wk) as the main effects. After 12 wk of diet feeding, a total of 270 eggs were collected for egg quality determination. The egg Haugh unit (HU) in the CSP, SBM-DRM, and DRM groups were significantly lower than those in the SBM and SBM-CSP groups. The hardness and springiness of the cooked yolk in the CSP group were significantly higher than those in the other treatment groups. A lower HU, lower yolk index and higher albumen pH were observed in the DRM group compared to the SBM and SBM-CSP groups when the eggs were stored to 4 wk, and the HU was improved in the CSP-DRM group compared to the DRM group (p<0.05). Higher yolk hardness was observed in the CSP group compared to the other groups during storage (p<0.05), but the hardness of the cooked yolk in the SBM-CSP and CSP-DRM groups showed no difference in comparison to the SBM group. In conclusion, CSP may ameliorate the negative effects of DRM on the HU of refrigerated eggs, and SBM or DRM may alleviate the adverse effects of CSP on yolk hardness.

Effects of Various Sodium Fluoride (NaF) Administration on Blood Glucose, Lipid Composition and A/G Ratio in Rats (NaF 함량을 달리한 투여가 흰쥐의 지질 및 혈당농도와 A/G 비에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Han-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.35 no.3
    • /
    • pp.826-835
    • /
    • 2018
  • The aim of the study was to investigate the influences of sodium fluoride on the body weight, lipid metabolism functional improvement, blood glucose level, protein component in the sera of rats which fed experimental diets for 5 weeks. Body weight gain of rats was higher in the NF25 group, NF30 group and NF50 group showed a significant difference from the basal diet group (BD group). The changes of the liver and the heart of each argan weights were observed compared to the BD group tends to appear lower in the oral NaF groups (p<0.05). Organ weight of each group of the others showed no significant difference (p<0.05). Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, free cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL) and blood glucose were lower in BD group than basal diet plus sodium fluoride groups. Conversely depending on the concentration of sodium fluoride for the high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level, it showed lower results. Serum total protein was observed low showed a significant difference in the NF50 group, there was no significant difference in the other groups (p<0.05). globulin and albumin concentration levels also showed the lowest results in the NF50 group.

Korean Dietary Life from the View of Foreigner in the early 1900s (1900년대 초 외국인이 본 한국인의 식생활)

  • Chung, Kyung Rhan
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
    • /
    • v.16 no.5
    • /
    • pp.463-476
    • /
    • 2016
  • Western countries came to Asia aggressively in the early 1900s. Westerners who came to Korea at that time also had a various jobs with diplomats, missionaries, doctors, and so on. Korean diet was curious and shocking to foreigners in the early 1990s, so they made a record of the Korean diet. They thought Korea was peaceful, attractive and rich to eat. Koreans ate mainly rice and kimchi, a variety of grains, vegetables and bibimbap. Korea had a variety of meat and fish, seaweed, and herbs(ginseng). Foreigners said Koreans were greedy for food and ate a lot. Koreans ate basically a bowl of rice(bap), a bowl of soup(kuk), kimchi, soy sauce and other dishes. If Koreans wanted to set a table in abundance, they have meat soup(kuk) with meat and additional fish like as raw fish, dried fish, and boiled or fried fish. Korean people had a jangdokdae with Ongki(Earthen jar) where soy sauce(kanjang), soybean paste(doenjang), red pepper paste(kochujang), pickles (jang-achi) have been fermented. Foreigners felt the smell of lacquer tree and kimchi hung in the air from Korean people. While they were compared it to the smell of western rim cheese burger, they said Korea was a country with nasty smell in the feet. By the records of foreigners in the early 1900s, Korean's diets and image were appeared objectively.

Effects of Dietary Fiber Sources and Levels on Lipid Metabolism in Rats (식이섬유류(食餌纖維類)의 종류(種類)와 수준(水準)이 흰쥐의 분내 지방대사(脂肪代謝)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Lee, Yong-Ock;Noh, Jang-Sook;Lee, Jae-Min
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.2 no.1
    • /
    • pp.45-55
    • /
    • 1985
  • The present study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary fiber sources and levels on serum lipids in rats fed a hypercholesterol diet containing 0.5% cholesterol. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 52.7 ${\pm}$ 7.27g were devided into sevel groups by completely randomized block design and fed various dietary fibers which were prepared from Rice bran, Siraegi (The dried green parts of a radish) and Bracken Fern at a level of 5% and 10% respectively. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows: 1. Body weight gains were not significantly different among the groups and food intake was significantly higher in rats fed a diet of Siraegi 10% than those fed the control diet. 2. Fecal wet weights were significantly increased in all experimental groups. 3. Levels of serum total cholesterol in all experimental groups were significantly lower than that of the control group except the level in the R 10(Rice bran 10%) group. 4. Free Cholesterol levels in the serum were increased in all experimental groups, especially the levels in the R 10 (Rice bran 10%) and S 10 (Siraegi 10%) groups were significantly higher than that of the control group. 5. Ester Cholesterol levels in the serum were significantly lower in rats fed the experimental diets than those fed the control diet. 6. There was a tendency of higher serum HDL-Cholesterol levels in R5 (Rice bran 5%), R10 (Rice bran 10%) and B5(Bracken 5%) groups compared to the control group however no significant differences were found between the control group and all the experimental groups except in the case of the S5 (Siraegi 5%) group. 7. LDL, VLDL-Cholesterol levels in the serum sere significantly reduced in the S5 (Siraegi 5%), B5 (Bracken 5%) and B10 (Bracken 10%) groups. 8. The HDL-C./Total-C. Ratio was increased in all experimental group especially the Ratios in the S5 and B5 groups were significantly higher than that of the control group.

Quality Characteristics of Vanilla Sauce with Various Sweeteners (감미료의 종류를 달리한 바닐라 소스의 품질특성)

  • Lee, Dong-gue;Kim, Ki-bbeum;Park, Ki-hong;Choi, Soo-keun
    • Culinary science and hospitality research
    • /
    • v.22 no.7
    • /
    • pp.36-46
    • /
    • 2016
  • The study examined the kinds of sweeteners(xylitol, sorbitol, acesulfame K, aspartame, stevioside) instead of sugar for vanilla sauce to satisfy customers' health needs. According to the results, the sauce with sugar had lowest salinity, highest sugar content, and sauce with aspartame had lowest sugar content. pH were highest in sauce with sorbitol, with aspartame were lowest. L-value, a-value was the highest in sauce with aspartame, while b-value was the lowest. The moisture content was the lowest, while viscosity was the highest in the sauce with xylitol. In a sensory evaluation, texture and overall preference was the highest in vanilla sauces with aspartame which have proper color intensity and strong flavor in mouth feel. The result indicated that health-oriented consumers and satisfy the health of modern people's needs when using the vanilla sauce with aspartame instead of sugar. It is also advised to vanilla sauce with aspartame for preventing adult disease and using the diets for patient.