• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.2649-2656
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• 2010

MC-DS-CDMA is technique where a single data symbol is transmitted at multiple subcarriers which are orthogonal to each other. With this technique, frequency diversity can be achieved. The performance of uplink MC-DS-CDMA systems with the application of MRRC antenna diversity over time variant channels is analyzed. Time variant channels lead to interchannel interference which increases the bit error rate in the receiver. The BER performance of this system over multipath fading environment is evaluated, considering the channel estimation error, carrier frequency offset, and the nonlinear high power amplifier.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.289-292
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• 2014

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is widely used to identify the causative mutations underlying diverse human diseases, including cancers, which can be useful for discovering the diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Currently, a number of single-nucleotide variant (SNV)-calling algorithms are available; however, there is no tool for visualizing the recurrent and phenotype-specific mutations for general researchers. In this study, in order to support defining the recurrent mutations or phenotype-specific mutations from NGS data of a group of cancers with diverse phenotypes, we aimed to develop a user-friendly tool, named mutation arranger for defining phenotype-related SNV (MAP). MAP is a user-friendly program with multiple functions that supports the determination of recurrent or phenotype-specific mutations and provides graphic illustration images to the users. Its operation environment, the Microsoft Windows environment, enables more researchers who cannot operate Linux to define clinically meaningful mutations with NGS data from cancer cohorts.

• Water for future
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.149-160
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• 1996

The parameters of the storage function model (SFM) are taken as constants, while they have different values every rainfall events and time of the runoff. Therefore, the results of the SFM show remarkably large errors in general. In this study, the modified sorage function model (MSFM), in which the time variant parameters are introduced, is proposed to improve the SFM which is a conceptual rainfall-runoff model. The fuzzy reasoning is applied as a real-time control method of the time-variant parameters of the proposed model. The applicability of the MSFM was examined in the Bochung river, a tributary of Geum river in Korea. The pattern of predicted outflow hydrograph and peak outflow by the MSFM with fuzzy control are much similar to the measured values in comparison with the results produced by the SFM.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3756-3777
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• 2019

Recent internet development is helping malware researchers to generate malicious code variants through automated tools. Due to this reason, the number of malicious variants is increasing day by day. Consequently, the performance improvement in malware analysis is the critical requirement to stop the rapid expansion of malware. The existing research proved that the similarities among malware variants could be used for detection and family classification. In this paper, a Cross-Platform Malware Variant Classification System (CP-MVCS) proposed that converted malware binary into a grayscale image. Further, malicious features extracted from the grayscale image through Combined SIFT-GIST Malware (CSGM) description. Later, these features used to identify the relevant family of malware variant. CP-MVCS reduced computational time and improved classification accuracy by using CSGM feature description along machine learning classification. The experiment performed on four publically available datasets of Windows OS and Android OS. The experimental results showed that the computation time and malware classification accuracy of CP-MVCS was higher than traditional methods. The evaluation also showed that CP-MVCS was not only differentiated families of malware variants but also identified both malware and benign samples in mix fashion efficiently.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.19-22
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• 2018

Castleman's disease is a benign lympho-proliferative disorder that commonly occurs in mediastinum. It is known that the disease rarely occurs in mesentery. Most localized abdominal Castleman's diseases are histologically hyaline vascular type. The contrast-enhanced CT in patient with hyaline vascular type Castleman's disease shows a well-defined mass with homogenously intense enhancement. On the other hand, the patient with plasma cell variant has systemic symptoms, but not specific imaging features. We report a unicentric plasma cell variant Castleman's disease in mesentery nearby superior mesenteric artery as presenting a single mass, not accompanied by systemic symptoms with similar characteristics to hyaline vascular type.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.38
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• pp.385-404
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• 2015

Compiled in 776 by Zhang Shen, Wu Jing Wen Zi was regarded as the epitome of model book for standardized regular script in Tang Dynasty. Following early works like Shuo Wen Jie Zi, Zhang Shen adopted radical-rule for the compilation of this work. 3,250 characters were selected from the Five Classics and 160 radicals were established. Yu Jiaxi (1884-1955) harshly criticized the radical system of Wu Jing Wen Zi for being inconsistant and confusing. With careful review and analysis of examples from Wu Jing Wen Zi, this paper discusses the pupose of the compilation of this work, its unique radical-rule system, principles of arrangement of characters with the same or similar radicals, and the differentiation of variant characters. It further discusses the value of Wu Jing Wen Zi by its innovative radical-rule and effective differentiation of variant characters. It concludes with a rebuttal of Yu Jiaxi's argument and restate the necessity of reevaluation of this work even to this day.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.97-101
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• 2021

In this study, Insertion loss according to the structural variant of interposer to Through Silicon Via (TSV) and Redistributed Layer (RDL) was studied through design of experiment. 3-Factors was considered as a variant, TSV depth, TSV diameter, RDL width with factor arrangement method and the response surface method from 400 MHz to 20 GHz. As a result, it was confirmed that as the frequency increased, the effect of RDL width was decreased and the effect of TSV depth and TSV diameter was increased. Also within the analysis range, to increasing RDL width, decreasing TSV depth, and fixing TSV diameter about 10.7 ㎛ was observed optimal result of Insertion loss.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.115-119
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• 2022

The 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development (DSD) is a rare condition in which 46,XX individuals develop testicular differentiation and virilization. Translocation of the sex-determining region Y (SRY) onto the X chromosome is the main cause of 46,XX testicular DSD, whereas dysregulation between pro-testis and pro-ovarian genes can induce SRY-negative 46,XX testicular DSD. Nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1 (NR5A1), a nuclear receptor transcription factor, plays an essential role in gonadal development in XY and XX embryos. Herein, we report the first Korean case of SRY-negative 46,XX testicular DSD with a heterozygous NR5A1 p.Arg92Trp variant. The patient presented with a small penis, bifid scrotum, and bilateral undescended testes. Whole exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous missense variant (c.274C>T) of NR5A1. Our case highlights that NR5A1 gene variants need to be considered important causative factors of SRY-negative non-syndromic 46,XX testicular DSD.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.31-38
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• 2023

Rare diseases, even though defined as fewer than 20,000 in South Korea, with over 8,000 rare Mendelian disorders having been identified, they collectively impact 6-8% of the global population. Many of the rare diseases pose significant challenges to patients, patients' families, and the healthcare system. The diagnostic journey for rare disease patients is often lengthy and arduous, hampered by the genetic diversity and phenotypic complexity of these conditions. With the advent of next-generation sequencing technology and clinical implementation of exome sequencing (ES) and genome sequencing (GS), the diagnostic rate for rare diseases is 25-50% depending on the disease category. It is also allowing more rapid new gene-disease association discovery and equipping us to practice precision medicine by offering tailored medical management plans, early intervention, family planning options. However, a substantial number of patients remain undiagnosed, and it could be due to several factors. Some may not have genetic disorders. Some may have disease-causing variants that are not detectable or interpretable by ES and GS. It's also possible that some patient might have a disease-causing variant in a gene that hasn't yet been linked to a disease. For patients who remain undiagnosed, reanalysis of existing data has shown promises in providing new molecular diagnoses achieved by new gene-disease associations, new variant discovery, and variant reclassification, leading to a 5-10% increase in the diagnostic rate. More advanced approach such as long-read sequencing, transcriptome sequencing and integration of multi-omics data may provide potential values in uncovering elusive genetic causes.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.428-434
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• 2023

Pulmonary veins (PVs) and their myocardial sleeves play an important role in the development of atrial fibrillation. Hence, detailed knowledge of PV anatomy is required to improve the procedural success rate and prevent complications during cardiac procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the PV anatomy along with anatomical variations in the Indian population. Total 100 formalin fixed cadaveric hearts were examined. The number and pattern of the PVs were observed along with the measurement of their horizontal and vertical diameters. The ovality index for each PV was calculated. Classical PV pattern was observed in 62% cases. Variant pattern like additional right middle PV pattern and left common PV pattern were found in 20% and 10% cases respectively. A separate pattern with presence of both right middle PV and left common PV was observed in 6% cases. In the classical pattern right superior PV was the largest followed by right inferior, left superior and left inferior PV. The additional right middle PV had the smallest diameter whereas the left common PV had the largest diameter. Almost all the veins had greater vertical diameters in comparison to horizontal diameters. The variant PVs were oval and had greater ovality index compared to the normal PVs. In classical pattern 54.8% hearts whereas in variant pattern 79% hearts had one or more oval PV. The given data can help clinicians for planning and execution of various interventional and electrophysiological procedures involving PVs.