• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.307-311
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• 2003

2-mass system is generally used as controller of the variable-speed to transfer electromotion power to mechanical load such as industrial robot, driving parts of electric vehicle, rolling machine system of steel plant and driving parts of elevator. In this case, PI controller is often used as a velocity controller because of simplicity of system. But PI control algorithm is not enough for obtaining the control characteristics required for this system. To solve this problem, 2-mass system based on the PID controller derives the optimum PID parameters by pole assignment and estimation of the ITAE performance index. In this case, the system have tenacious properties about disturbance, but it causes extreme overshoot and vibration because of rapidly output of controller in early transient response about desired value. And if speed control system is applied by 2-DOF parameter ${\alpha}$, a temporary value, we must induce most suitable parameter by complicate pole assignment and estimation of the ITAE performance index whenever ${\alpha}$ changes. In this paper, to solve this problem we suggest control algorithm to followed exactly value of ${\alpha}$ as 2-DOF parameter by using fuzzy algorithm . So, intelligence algorithm modeled by human knowledge, experience, teachability and judgment follow exact ${\alpha}$ value and it can compose the efficient 2-DOF PID controller to improve following performance, overshoot decrease.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.9-23
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• 1987

Nursing service, as the largest user of labor resources, has become concerned about appropriate allocation of staffing resources. Therefore, this project was designed to measure quantitatively the direct nursing care provided to patients and to develop a new patient classification system based on the direct nursing care activities. The initial step in the development of the classification instrument was to identify the content of direct nursing activities. The frequency with which these activities were carried out, the total time spent in carrying them out and the average time for one performance of each of the nursing activities was calculated. The next step was to select the items for the classification instrument taking into account these direct nursing activities. A list of 40 items was prepared. These items were then classified into 8 major categories: personal hygiene, moving ＆ exercise, nutrition & elimination, observation, medication, treatment, collecting specimens and other care activities for severity ill patients. Each item was assigned a value unit based on the average time required by the nursing staff to complete the specific item. The third step was to determine the practicality of the items and value units, so an attempt was made to establish content validity for these items and units by obtaing a consensus from 8 head nurses, representing eight different departments. The 4th step was to conducted a pilot study to establish the score range for the classification boundaries. For this purpose an instrument was designed using the list of items and value units and a prepared classification criteria as a guideline to validate the patient classification. A judgment group consisting of 52 supervisory nurses and head nurses were asked to select the proper patient to fit each classification criteria and to fill out the instrument for each patient. The total value unit and the frequency for each classification group was calculated. According to the frequency distribution, the score range for the classification group was determined as follows : 0~15 for groupI, 16~30 for group II, 31~50 for group III, and above 51 for group IV. Finally a patient classification form was developed.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.73
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• pp.35-55
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• 2015

Act of journalism is act of social practice. Therefore, judgment on its rightness must be a prerequisite. That is why journalism requires philosophy. Barrenness of journalism philosophy promotes journalism to serve only as an instrument. No power and money should intrude the essential philosophy of journalism. Journalism must secure its own value. Remaining silent when its fundamental value is at risk is to negate one's own value of existence. It is self-denial. Social practice of journalism is assurance and realization of its essential value. Thus, it is historical. It is the juncture of journalism and history. Journalism without history leads to barrenness in philosophy. Without philosophy, journalism thus cannot uphold its historical mission. Journalism philosophy becomes a reality through the history. Concrete journalism philosophy shall come to light through historical reality. That is why conversation between journalism philosophy and journalism history is necessary. Thus, this research investigates how journalism philosophy formulates and reconstructs itself within journalism history. At the same time, this research thoroughly examines how journalism philosophy concretizes in journalism history, how historical subjects have practiced journalism and how all these have projected themselves in journalism history.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.947-957
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• 2016

Today, in accordance with emphasizing the importance of character education, science educators have tried to implement character education in the field of science education. Therefore, this research aims to confirm the possibility of the realization of 'Practice Centered Mechanism of Manifesting Character' developed on the basis of character education theory through the application of the NABI Program based on Nature-Study. For this, the NABI program was applied to 24 3rd grade students of an elementary school for a period of ten months. Qualitative data was collected like students' reports, journals, and video recording of the classes. This data was classified into 'value, judgment, action,' the steps of 'Practice Centered Mechanism of Manifesting Character,' and text was written by interpreting the data. The research resulted in the following: First, students formed 'value' by making a connection with the objects. And the various values - individual, interpersonal, social, ecological, and spiritual - are formed according to the type of objects with which the students felt a connection to. Second, students need to judge the problems of the real world at the 'judgment' step. Third, at the 'action' step, students practice moral behavior in relation to the sympathy or feeling they felt with the objects that they made a connection to. In conclusion, 'Practice Centered Mechanism of Manifesting Character' can be realized through the application of the NABI Program. The NABI Program can be a definite way to implement character education in the field of science education.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.27
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• pp.93-122
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• 2004

An examination of the previous works regarding the concept of "fairness" in the journalism revealed that the concept is widely used but remains inadequately defined. Furthermore, there is much less agreement about the characteristics defining "fairness" in the literature. Thus it has often caused disagreement among people who have different political perspectives in the judgment about any media coverage. I suggest a reconceptualization and extension of the construct "fairness" in order to reduce the ambiguity and conflicts in the judgment of fairness among people. Most importantly, drawing on the concept of "autonomy," I attempt to fill in the gap in the model of "fairness." According to the logic of "autonomy," the "fair" press can not exist without the freedom of the press. In other words, all external/internal constraints, which intrude on the freedom of the press, encroach the "fairness" of the press. Thus, the freedom of the press is necessary condition for the fairness in the journalism. However, the freedom of the press is not enough to realize the fairness in the journalism. It needs the sufficient rendition, which is the "autonomy" encompassing the ability of news organization, journalists, and audiences that they resist to any constraints against neutral value. Consequently, the emphasis on the "autonomy" which keeps neutral value perspectives will contribute to reshape the framework for evaluation of "fairness" in journalism.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.171-180
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• 2004

This study aims at investigating the influences exerted by the visual elements of outdoor signboard on consumers' capacity to make judgment on values. Therefore, it intends at studying the values displayed by signboards. As the phase one of the investigation, on-site study has been performed to photograph signboards of the entertainment and amusement business premises in 4 regions of Busan, thus to investigate and analysis the photographed data. For the second phase, survey was peformed on the basis of the analyzed data to select 15 signboards to be used in making judgement of values based on results of frequency measure per each category of geographical region, business type and three grades of the high, medium and low. In the third phase, survey was peformed on the items of value (A-G) to analyze consumer values. Finally, the fourth phase was carried out to compare and analyze the actual values of business premisses against that of the consumers. The result of study displayed that the effect exerted by visual elements of signboards on consumers is not of simple information provision, but is of essential factor to serve as the foundation of added values for business premises.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.350-358
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• 2022

Objectives: For chemical risk assessment in workplaces, it is necessary to determine a reference value through hazard assessment. In general, OEL (Occupational Exposure Limit) is used for this value. However, since chemicals with OEL were not enough, the concept of DNEL (Derived No Effect Level) was introduced in chemical safety assessment. In this study, the possibility and approach of applying DNEL for chemical risk assessment in domestic workplaces were investigated. Methods: The characteristics of OEL and DNEL were investigated. In addition, ACGIH TLV and GESTIS DNEL were compared and the corresponding scopes were analyzed among the chemical substances notified in South Korea. Results: OEL and DNEL are similar concepts reflecting reference values that should not be exposed based on health effects. While their evaluation and derivation are determined based on similar information and procedures, they may vary depending on the responsible actor, data availability, principles of judgment, and more. As a result of the comparative analysis of ACGIH TLV and GESTIS DNEL, it was confirmed that there is some correlation between TWA and DNEL. The conservatism of DNEL was around 50%. Additionally, it was found that the available range of DNEL among chemicals in South Korea is considerable. Conclusions: This study showed that DNEL can be applied when assessing the risk of chemical substances in domestic workplaces considering several regards. However, since this is not the same level as OEL, we have proposed a proper approach to carry out risk assessment step by step.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.168-170
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• 2022

The government enacted and promulgated the 'Severe Accident Punishment Act' in January 2021, and is enforcing the law for workplaces with 50 or more full-time workers. However, the number of industrial accident accidents in 2021 increased by 10.7% compared to the same period of the previous year, and chemical gas Safety accidents due to leaks and explosions also occur frequently. Therefore, in high-risk industrial sites, comprehensive Safety measures are urgently needed. In this study, BLE Mesh networking in industrial sites with poor communication environment apply technology. The complex sensor AIoT device recognizes a dangerous situation as a gas sensing value, voice, and motion value, and transmits it to the server. The server monitors the risk situation in real time through information value analysis and judgment through artificial intelligence LSTM algorithm and CNN algorithm for AIoT transmission information. Through this study, through the development of AIoT devices capable of gas sensing, voice and motion recognition, and AI-applied safety management systems, It will contribute to the expansion of the social safety net by expanding its application.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.106-121
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• 2019

Sustainable development in society has become the center of focus in many fields such as industry, environment, health, culture, etc. Considering that the concept of heritage involves understanding it as a 'resource' to improve the quality of people's lives, sustainability is an important goal that heritage policy has to achieve. Adopting the definition of sustainability in the 1987 Brundtland Report, this paper defines the concept of sustainability with respect to heritage, as well as their respective roles. Following that, three action principles are presented: value-based conservation, rational decision-making, and community involvement. Two cases demonstrating how the three principles should be practiced in managing change are then illustrated. Considering that heritage can play its role as a resource once its significance is protected, this paper argues that value-based rational decision-making is of paramount importance and the first principle. Conservation aims to manage change by practicing a cyclic process of value identification, value sustaining, and value dissemination. Therefore, this paper argues that all processes should be connected in the context of heritage values. A rational decision-making process practicing value-based conservation is then suggested. This paper argues that rational decision-making can only be practiced once values are identified by objective criteria and managed by rational judgment upon impact assessment. Community involvement, the third principle, is necessary to realize value-based conservation and rational decision-making. Recognizing that a community is a beneficiary of heritage and a creator of a beneficial process at the same time, it discusses the role of community and the importance of this role in policies for the sustainability of heritage. This paper concludes with a set of recommendations to improve policies after examining the two decision-making cases.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.45-52
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• 2023

Recently, as climate change caused by greenhouse gases is intensifying, the international community has committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The purpose of this study is to present the methodology and major considerations for investment judgment. Two actual cases of overseas projects were selected as study subjects. As an analysis method, the major risk factors were defined as a probability distribution, and the NPV was stochastically estimated using the Monte Carlo simulation method. In addition, assuming a policy change, the range of NPV change was analyzed. As a result, the average NPV of project A was lowered by 19%, and the probability of showing a negative NPV was 12.2%. The average value of project B was lowered by 12.5%. Considering the policy change, project A can obtain economic benefits only when it obtains 72.9% or more of the total amount of carbon credits generated, and project B is economically feasible when it acquires 49.5% or more. As a result, the average value of project A is lower than the net present value under basic assumptions, so caution is needed in investment decisions depending on changes in major risk factors. Additionally, considering policy changes, the carbon credit distribution ratio should be differentially applied depending on the project size, and this was presented as a specific figure.