• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.208-220
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• 2021

This paper evaluates the performance of multilayer VVC and SHVC. Multilayer VVC supports a multi-layer coding and many coding technologies have been added and extended compared to SHVC. For this reason, it is necessary to evaluate the multi-layer coding performance of VVC and the coding performance for inter-layer reference prediction. Multilayer VVC provides significant BD-rate improvement of AI 24.4%, RA 29.4%, LDB 29.4%, LDP 32.6% on average when compared to SHVC, so that it is shown that VVC can provide scalability more efficiently. On the other hand, the complexity of the encoding time increases by an average of 14 times and decoding time by an average of 1.8 times, which requires efforts to reduce the complexity.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.62-73
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vertebral venous congestion (VVC) in patients with chemoport insertion, evaluate the imaging characteristics of nodular VVC, and identify the factors associated with VVC. Materials and Methods: This retrospective single-center study was based on follow-up contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) of 1412 adult patients who underwent chemoport insertion between January 2016 and December 2016. The prevalence of venous stenosis, reflux, and VVC were evaluated. The imaging features of nodular VVC, including specific locations within the vertebral body, were analyzed. To identify the factors associated with VVC, patients with VVC were compared with a subset of patients without VVC who had been followed up for > 3 years without developing VVC after chemoport insertion. Toward this, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: After excluding 333 patients, 1079 were analyzed (mean age ± standard deviation, 62.3 ± 11.6 years; 540 females). The prevalence of VVC was 5.8% (63/1079), with all patients (63/63) demonstrating vertebral venous reflux and 67% (42/63) with innominate vein stenosis. The median interval between chemoport insertion and VVC was 515 days (interquartile range, 204-881 days). The prevalence of nodular VVC was 1.5% (16/1079), with a mean size of 5.9 ± 3.1 mm and attenuation of 784 ± 162 HU. Nodular VVC tended to be located subcortically. Forty-four patients with VVC underwent CT examinations with contrast injections in both arms; the VVC disappeared in 70% (31/44) when the contrast was injected in the arm contralateral to the chemoport site. Bevacizumab use was independently associated with VVC (odds ratio, 3.45; P < 0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of VVC and nodular VVC was low in patients who underwent chemoport insertion. Nodular VVC was always accompanied by vertebral venous reflux and tended to be located subcortically. To avoid VVC, contrast injection in the arm contralateral to the chemoport site is preferred.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.770-779
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• 2019

Video coding technologies are progressively becoming more efficient and complex. The Versatile Video Coding (VVC) is a new state-of-the art video compression standard that is going to be a standard, as the next generation of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard. To explore the future video coding technologies beyond the HEVC, numerous efficient methods have been adopted by the Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET). Since then, the next generation video coding standard named as VVC and its software model called VVC Test Model (VTM) have emerged. In this paper, several important coding features for motion estimation and motion compensation in the VVC standard is introduced and analyzed in terms of the performance. Improved coding tools introduced for ME and MC in VVC, can achieve much better and good balance between coding efficiency and coding complexity compared with the HEVC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.270-271
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 새로이 시작된 비디오 압축 표준인 VVC(Versatile Video Coding)의 인-루프(in-loop) 필터링을 위한 CNN 구조를 제안한다. 제안하는 CNN 구조는 복호화된 영상을 입력으로 하고 원본 영상과 복호화된 영상의 오차를 손실함수로 사용하여 학습을 진행한다. 또한, 비디오 부호화에서의 다양한 크기의 CU(Coding Unit)를 고려한 다양한 크기의 컨볼루션 필터를 사용하여 특징을 추출하는 구조에 기반하고 있다. 실험을 통하여 제안한 CNN 기반의 필터링이 VVC 의 시험모델인 VTM(VVC Test Model)의 인-루프 필터링의 성능을 개선할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.199-200
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• 2022

최신 비디오 압축 표준인 VVC(Versatile Video Coding)의 화면 내 부호화 기술이 사용하는 MIP (Matrix-based Intra Prediction), MRLP (Multiple Reference Line Prediction), ISP (Intra Sub-Partition) 기술의 성능평가를 위하여 VTM (VVC Test Model) 10.0 을 이용한 각 기술들의 비활성화 성능은 보고된 바 있지만, 최근 버전인 VTM 16.0 을 기준으로 하나 또는 복수개의 기술을 비활성화 하였을 때의 성능은 아직 보고된 바 없다. 본 논문에서는 VVC 의 화면 내 부호화 기술들을 활성화 및 비활성화 성능실험을 통하여 부호화 성능 또는 부호화 복잡도를 우선시하는 응용에 따라 VVC 부호화기를 경량화 시킬 수 있는 부호화 기술 선택 방법을 제안한다.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.305-312
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• 2020

As a demand for a new video coding standard having higher coding efficiency than the existing standards is growing, recently, MPEG and VCEG has been developing and standardizing the next-generation video coding project, named Versatile Video Coding (VVC). Many inter prediction techniques have been introduced to increase the coding efficiency, and among them, an adaptive motion vector resolution (AMVR) technique has contributed on increasing the efficiency of VVC. However, the best motion vector can only be determined by computing many rate-distortion costs, thereby increasing encoding complexity. It is necessary to reduce the complexity for real-time video broadcasting and streaming services, but it is yet an open research topic to reduce the complexity of AMVR. Therefore, in this paper, an efficient technique is proposed, which reduces the encoding complexity of AMVR. For that, the proposed method exploits a special VVC tree structure (i.e., multi-type tree structure) to accelerate the decision process of AMVR. Experiment results show that the proposed decision method reduces the encoding complexity of VVC test model by 10% with a negligible loss of coding efficiency.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.192-194
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 VVC(Versatile Video Coding) 화면 내 예측에서 참조 샘플 생성의 정확도를 높이기 위해 블록의 크기와 방향성 모드에 따라 더 많은 정수 위치 참조 샘플을 이용하는 보간 필터를 추가적으로 사용하는 방법을 제안한다. VVC 표준에서 4-tap 보간 필터를 사용하는 기존의 방식에 추가로 8-tap 보간 필터를 함께 사용하여 VVC 참조 소프트웨어인 VTM(VVC Test Model) 14.2[1] 대비 평균 -0.16% 의 luma BD-rate 개선을 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.44-49
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• 1974

reactance modulator composed of multi-stage phase modulator utilizing VVC diodes as variable reactance elements and an oscillartor-modulator, utilizing a VVC diode as a tuning element, coupled to a crystal resonator through an artificial λ/4 network are introduced and their characteristics as FM modulator are compared mutually from the practical view points. especially, to get high modulation sensitivity of reactance modulators using VVC diodes, making a multi-stage modulation distortion characteristics of multi-stage modulator was necessary. The harmonic moj\dulationdistorion characteristics of multi-stage reactance modulator is analized in detall. Multi-stage reachance modulator is preferable to maintain sufficiently stable carrier frequency over the wide range of temperature and a mobile-transceiver was made through this method. On the other hand, FM-Quartz oscillator using a VVc diode is suitavle for handy-talkies of good quality were made through this method.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.338-345
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• 2020

Versatile Video Coding (VVC), which has been developing as a next generation video coding standard, has adopted various techniques to achieve more than twice the compression performance of HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding). The recently released VVC Test Model (VTM) shows 38% Bjontegaard Delta bitrate (BD-rate) improvement and 9x/1.6x encoding/decoding complexity over HEVC. In order to reduce such increased complexity, various fast algorithms have been proposed. In this paper, gradient-based methods of fast intra mode decision and block splitting are presented. Experimental results show that, compared to VTM6.0, the proposed method gives up to 65% encoding time reduction with 3.54% BD-rate loss in All-Intra (AI) configuration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2018.07a
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• pp.387-388
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• 2018

본 논문은 스마트 공장의 표면 결함 검사 시스템에서 사용할 수 있는 VVC, VOV 영상의 특징 활용에 관한 연구를 내용으로 다루었습니다. 본문에서는 VVC와 VOV 특징에 대하여 원리를 소개하고, 실험에서는 이들 특징을 사용한 표면 결함 검사의 결과를 제시하였습니다.