• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1427-1432
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• 2010

This study was carried out to evaluate neutralization effects against WSSV using antiserum produced from recombinant envelop protein, rVP466 of WSSV. The VP466 gene of WSSV was cloned into pCold I expression vector and rVP466 was expressed in E. coli RIPL. The antiserum against rVP466 was produced in white rabbits (New Zealand white rabbit). The specific immunoreactivity to the antigen, rVP466, was confirmed by Western blot. The constant amounts of WSSV at $1{\times}10^4$ diluted stocks were mixed with various antiserum concentrations and then injected to the muscle of shrimp, Penaeus chinensis, for the neutralization challenge. The shrimps challenged with WSSV as a positive control and those with the mixture of WSSV and preimmune serum as a preimmune control showed 100% cumulative mortality at 17 days post challenge and 83% at 25 days post challenge, respectively. The shrimps challenged with 3 different mixtures of WSSV and rVP466 antiserum at ratios of 1:0.01, 1:0.1 and 1:1 showed 73%, 53% and 46% cumulative mortalities at 25 days post challenge, respectively. These results indicated that WSSV could be neutralized by the rVP466 antiserum. These results suggest that envelop protein VP466 is involved in the initial step of WSSV infection in shrimp.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.964-967
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• 2008

Two structural protein genes, VP19 and VP466, of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) were cloned and expressed in Sf21 insect cells using a baculovirus expression system for the development of injection and oral feeding vaccines against WSSV for shrimps. The cumulative mortalities of the shrimps vaccinated by the injection of rVP19 and rVP466 at 15 days after the challenge with WSSV were 50.2% and 51.8%, respectively. For the vaccination by oral feeding of rVP19 and rVP466, the cumulative mortalities were 49.2% and 89.2%, respectively. These results show that protection against WSSV can be generated in the shrimp, using the viral structural protein as a protein vaccine.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1294-1298
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• 2010

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the most virulent viral agents threatening the penaeid shrimp culture industry. This study was carried out to evaluate the susceptibility of the sand shrimp, Crangon affinis, to WSSV as an alternative experimental model. WSSV caused 100% mortality in C. affinis within 7 days after experimental infection by immersion. Based on challenge studies, it was confirmed that C. affinis could be a potential host in WSSV transmission. Also, the neutralization of WSSV was carried out using an antiserum raised against recombinant envelop protein rVP466 to evaluate the WSSV infection mechanism. A constant amount of WSSV (at $1{\times}10^4$ diluted stocks) was incubated with various amounts of antiserum and then mixed to 20 l reservoir for the immersion challenge of C. affinis for neutralization. At 5 days post challenge, the shrimp in the positive control immersed in the immersion reservoir containing WSSV stock showed 100% mortality. The shrimps challenged with the 3 different mixtures of WSSV and rVP466 antiserum (1:0.1, 1:0.5 and 1:1) showed 100%, 68.8% and 68.8% mortality at 14 days post challenge, respectively. These results indicated that the antiserum raised against rVP466 could block WSSV infection in C. affinis. Therefore, this study confirmed that C. affinis can be naturally infected by WSSV as another potential host and that C. affinis can be used as an alternative experimental animal instead of penaeid shrimps.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.459-466
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference of dose and image quality according to the material of the additional filter plate by selecting copper and nickel. First, the absorbed dose was measured using a Rando phantom setting the additional filter plates of copper and nickel None, 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, and 0.3 mm under 120 kVp, and 6.3 mAs. Second, We acquired image according to filter thickness of copper and nickel. by changing the tube voltage of 90 kVp, 100 kVp, 110 kVp, 120 kVp and exposure indexes of 400, 800 and 1600. Third, we obtained the SNR and CNR values using the Image J program and evaluated quantitatively and then evaluated image quality. As a result, Absorbed dose measurements showed that nickel was higher than copper, and the absorbed dose decreased as the thickness increased(p<0.05). Furthermore, Quantitative analysis of images showed no significant difference between the two images according to change the voltage and the exposure index(p>0.05). In conclusion, this study confirms that the nickel addition plate can maintain the current image quality while reducing the exposure dose compared to copper.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.375-385
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• 2005

The present study was conducted to investigate the genetic profile of two prevalent avian pathogens in Korea namely, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Two farms located in Yeongi-gun, Chungnam were selected for this study. The two viruses were isolated from various organs (spleen, trachea, bursa of Fabricius) of deceased chickens that showed clinical symptoms of Newcastle Disease or Infectious bursal disease like swelling and congestion of the F bursa, facial edema, lacrimation, greenish yellow diarrhea as well as pathological signs like airsacculitis, haemorrhages in the intestines and so on. For analysis of NDV and IBDV, a 466 and 435 base pair fragments corresponding to the HN and VP2 regions which are highly conserved among related strains of NDV and IBDV, respectively, were amplified by RT-PCR and analyzed by sequencing. Comparison of the VP2 region showed a $99.3\%$ homology between the Korean IBDV isolate and the BJ836-attenuated vaccine strain. In contrast, the HN region of the Korean NDV isolate only has an 83 to $84\%$ homology with the vaccine strains LaSota, B1 and VGGA. Our findings reveal that the prevalent NDV strain in Korea is genetically different from the vaccine strains and may explain the recent outbreaks of Newcastle disease in the region.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.461-466
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• 2009

This paper represents a piezoelectric ultrasonic linear actuator with flexural vibration mode. The actuator is composed of two piezo ceramics, the elastic body, and the connecting tip. It is driven by the frictional force between the connecting tip and the linear motion guide. Unimorph actuators have flexural vibration. Its middle point is fixed so that suitable to the flexural vibration of $3/2\lambda$. These vibrations contribute to elliptical motion by mixed mode between longitudinal and transverse mode. It was generated when the ultrasonic electrical signals with 90 degree phase difference are applied to two ceramics. A linear movement can be easily obtained using the elliptical motion. The ATILA, FEM simulator has been used to design actuator and verify the kinetic and dynamic analysis. We used the ceramics of $20\times10\times1$ mm size and confirmed the flexural vibration of the $3/2\lambda$ at the 79 kHz through the scanning of 3D-vibrometer. The maximum velocity of actuator was 221 mm/sec and the thrust force of actuator was 2.7 N in 200Vp-p of additional voltage.