• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.163-164
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• 2001

휘발성유기화합물(VOCs)과 포름알데히드(HCHO)의 발생원은 매우 다양할 뿐만아니라 주변환경과 인체에 미치는 영향이 매우 크다. VOCs와 포름알데히드의 발생원으로는 크게 인위적인 발생원, 자연적인 발생원, 실내에서의 발생원으로 구분할 수 있다. 현대인들의 하루생활 중 80%이상이 실내에서 이루어지고 있어 실내에서의 발생되는 오염물질에 대한 특성파악과 적절한 제어방안이 요구된다. VOCs와 포름알데히드의 발생원중에서 실내에서의 발생원으로는 여러 가지가 있으나, 신축건물과 리모델링에 사용되는 건축자재에서의 방출은 매우 크다고 할 수 있다. (중략)

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.35-45
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• 2008

In order to recommend criteria for the administration law on indoor air quality, this study was conducted to examine the distribution and the concentration of indoor air pollutants ($PM_{10},\;CO_2$, CO, HCHO, TBC, $NO_2$, Rn, VOCs, asbestos, $O_3$) in public facilities in the Chung-Nam area. The concentrations of indoor air pollutants were obtained from sixty seven public facilities such as a cinema, an office, a restaurant, a theater and an academy. This study was performed from August to December, 2005. The results of this study showed that the concentrations of indoor air pollutants such as $PM_{10},\;CO_2$, CO, HCHO, TBC, Rn and $O_3$ were less than the recommended limits. However, the average concentration of VOCs was $521.73{\mu}g/m^3$ (GM : $221.69{\mu}g/m^3$), which was higher than the recommended limit of $400{\mu}g/m^3$. Moreover, the average concentration of $NO_2$ was 345.66ppb (GM : 69.95ppb), which was higher than the recommended limit of 50 ppb. The correlation between the concentrations of indoor air pollutants and the type of facilities with respect to $CO_2$, TBC and Rn was statistically low (p<0.05). However, the correlation was high in terms of the CO and $O_3$ concentrations (p<0.01). No relationship between the indoor air pollutants and the type of facilities was observed for $PM_{10}$, VOCs and $NO_2$. The year of construction was compared to the concentrations of indoor air pollutants. Specifically, when the construction date was less than 3 years, the HCHO, VOCs and TBC concentrations were $44.75{\mu}g/m^3,\;555.07{\mu}g/m^3$ and $337.79CFU/m^3$, respectively. These concentrations were $120{\mu}g/m^3$ and $211.84CFU/m^3$ higher for VOCs and TBC than the concentrations obtained from the facilities more than 3 years. However, the concentration of HCHO was similar between the facilities older and younger than 3 years of age. Year, temperature, humidity and indoor air pollutant correlation analyses showed that temperature and humidity, temperature and TBC, temperature and $O_3,\;PM_{10}$ and $NO_2$, HCHO and VOCs, $CO_2$ and Rn had positive relationships. However temperature and Rn, humidity and $CO_2,\;CO_2$ and $O_3,\;O_3$ and Rn had negative relationships. Accordingly, it will be necessary to manage the factors affecting indoor air quality so that the residents can have a more comfortable and healthier living environment. Ultimately, the results of this study are expected to be utilized as baseline data.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.688-693
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• 2005

Nowaday the natural ventilation rate decreases because the apartment housing is being air-tight. Therefore, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and indoor environment grow worse. Especially, Formaldehyde (HCHO), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) which is emitted from the building materials and coating material etc. occur Sick House Syndrome that cause negative impact on resident's respiratory system and body. Therefore in construction field, it will be a important issues that development of a ventilation system with high effectiveness which can exhaust the contaminant out of the building quickly. In this research we evaluated 'wall attachable duct-less Heat Recovery Ventilation (HRV) system with air cleaning function'. We executed a synthetic evaluation about indoor air environment under various operating condition installing the system in real scale apartment house that is built in Anyang city. HRV system with air cleaning function showed good performance by removing HCHO, VOCs with less ventilation energy.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2006

An automated carbonyl measurement system was constructed. Atmospheric carbonyl compounds were extracted onto DNPH containing collection solution while flowing through a glass coil. Each carbonyl species was separated on a HPLC column and quantified by UV absorption detector. Using this system, carbonyl compounds were continuously measured at the campus of Korea University in Seoul, Korea during June, 2005. Sampling resolution was 30 minutes and the detection limit of HCHO was 0.19 ppbv. Also, $\O_{3}$, it's precursors, and meteorological parameters were measured. The maximum, minimum, average, and median concentrations of HCHO during the whole experiment was 35.8 ppbv, 1.4 ppbv, 11.7 ppbv, and 9.3 ppbv respectively. Formaldehyde showed a distinct diurnal variation with a broad maximum around 13 $\sim$ 15, which was 1 $\sim$ 3 hours ahead of an ozone maximum. During a couple of days, however, HCHO concentrations were kept high through the night or increased concomitantly with NOx in the morning. These results imply that HCHO was mainly produced from the photochemical oxidation of VOCs, but local emission sources couldn't be ruled out. The differences between daily maximum and minimum of $O_{3}$ and HCHO were calculated for 11 days of June, when typical diurnal variations were observed for the two species. A strong positive correlation was found between $\Delta O_{3}$ and $\Delta HCHO$ and the average mole ratio of $\Delta HCHO$ to $\Delta O_{3}$ was 2.6. It indicates that formaldehyde played a key role in $\Delta O_{3}$ production as an indicator species in Metropolitan Seoul during June, 2005.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.315-318
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• 2004

In recent days, IAQ(Indoor Air Quality) is regarded as one of the most important environmental factors as well as thermal and acoustic comfort. The purpose of this study was to estimate on effect of indoor air pollution from VOCs and formaldehyde emitted by building materials. As the results, we knew that concentration of Toluene, Xylene, Styrene and HCHO emitted from the furnitures and frame material of windows and doors are high emission factors on indoor air pollution.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.319-322
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reduction effect of bake out on the concentration of indoor air pollutants by measuring the concentration of indoor pollutants(VOCs, HCHO) after the bake out. As a result of the study, bake out was considerably effective in reducing the concentration o( indoor air pollutants, showing relatively high reduction ratio around 40${\sim}$56%. However, continuous attention and control after the bake out is required for the prevention of the rise of the concentration by subsequent emission.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.32 no.4 s.91
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• pp.275-281
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• 2006

Indoor air quality is the dominant contributor to total personal exposure because most people spend a majority of their time indoors. Especially exposure to indoor air can potentially pose a greater threat than exposure to ambient air when indoor environments have sources of contaminants. In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and formaldehyde (HCHO) within newly constructed apartment have been determined in 27 houses of apartment in Seoul from December 2004 to March 2005. The measured indoor air pollutants were HCHO, volatile organic compounds including benzene, toluene, styrene, xylene, ethylbenzene and sampled on the standard method of Ministry of Environment in Korea. The indoor levels for benzene, xylene, toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, and HCHO have significant increase trend after 5 hours closing of windows and doors. Levels of measured air pollutants concentrations between living rooms and bedrooms have not shown significant difference. Spearman correlation coefficient among the measured air pollutants ranged from 0.303 to 0.946, indicating similar source in building materials.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2003

It is highly recognized that there is need for protection against indoor air pollution, as we realize environmental pollution is growing, For example, in an indoor environment, a person spends more than 80 percent of their time inside the building. Thus, concern about indoor decoration materials is growing, since they cause pollution in the rooms of an apartment, as well as in offices. As the indoor decoration materials become more diverse and lusurious, so the effect of VOCs(Volatile Organic Compounds) and HCHO(Formaldehy) is growing. The indoor decoration materials cause the Sick Building Syndrome, such as headaches, dizziness, or lack of concentraion, and they in turn cause serious deterioration in people's health. In this study, I probed the status of the indoor air pollution and carried on an investigation and analysis about the prevention technique. In doing so, I performed experimental tests and an assessment of the indoor decoration materials of an apartment. I also examined elements of the emitted and the emission. Finally, I examined the character of emissions, by changing environmental conditions, such as the temperature, humidity, and ventilation. With respect to VOCs tests, I applied the method of solid state adsorption using the adsorptive tube, based on the measurement of the American EPA TO-17, ASTM 5116-97, and the measurement of the Japanese Wall Decoration Industrial Association. The tested sample was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography, after going through the process of dissolvent extraction. As subjects of the test, Paint were selected. The process of this test is as follows; first, I figured out the character of the emission, by measuring the emitted concentration of VOCs and HOHC from the indoor decoration materials of an apartment. Second, I made a small-scale chamber and the test was processed in the chamber in order to suggest an environment-friendly prediction modlel development.

• The Safety technology
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• no.82
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• pp.16-21
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• 2004

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.111-117
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• 2006

The harmfulness of HCHO and VOCs from construction material and furniture has been increased gradually. It must be need to prevent pollution materials' accumulation indoor effectively and to remove very small amount of harmful pollution materials in various plans, because these kinds of pollution materials greatly affect human body, Therefore, this study is focused to find out the improvements of Indoor Air Quality in execution of natural ventilation and bakeout to reduce indoor chemical pollution materials or not. After effects of indoor air quality by natural ventilation and bake-out being examined, it is follows the conclusion. As for the density change of TVOC and Toluene according to time lapse, in case the middle and high-story areas have bake-out, the density increased once, but it showed the gradual decrease after bake-out was stopped, and it was shown that it exceeded the standards recommended for newly built apartment. The bake-out is effective to discharge the HCHO and TVOC from the construction material and the furniture, and the natural ventilation is effective remove the indoor pollution materials.