• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2003

Ever-growing recreation, tourism and ecotourism worldwide have become a significant factor of resource degradation in many protected areas. Managers of these areas are increasingly challenged to implement policies, strategies and actions that would protect the resource base while providing quality visitor experience. One major issue in managing protected area visitations is that of carrying capacity, or the question of "how much use is too much\ulcorner". Scientific studies of visitor impacts, often known as recreation ecology, has generated a knowledge base that provides valuable input to the visitor carrying capacity management process adopted by the U.S. National Park Service. This paper aims at (a) providing an overview of recreation ecology research and its application in managing visitor carrying capacity, and (b) examining the relevance of recreation ecology to East Asian protected areas with special reference to the visitor capacity issue.ity issue.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.51-64
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• 1993

Meeting the rapidly increasing demand for natural outdoor recreation, Korea Forestry Administration established 26 places of $\ulcorner$Natural Recreation Forest$\lrcorner$ zones. By 2000 year, 100 zones were planned to cover the entire country. But there was no accurate information about demand of $\ulcorner$Natural Recreation Forest$\lrcorner$. Therefore, this study was carried out to forecast the quantitive demand of $\ulcorner$Natural Recreation Forest$\lrcorner$. To forecast the 'demand of 2001 year, forecasting unit was determined to $\ulcorner$Visitor. Day$\lrcorner$, and three quantifing methods were applied. The results of demand by each forecating method were as follows: 1) Questionnaire survey method for willingness to participate was 16,651,000(visitor. day). 2) application of similiar situation threshold method was 14,540,000(visitor. day). 3) Demand partition method by secondary data was 10,775,000(visitor, day). Comprised of these results. The scope estimate of $\ulcorner$Natural Recreation Forest$\lrcorner$ demand was proposed as 8,110,000(Minimum) - 27,088,000(Miximum). The point estimate of demand which were proposed as strategic guidelines was 16,651,000(visitor. day). These results implied that recently announced 111 predetermined $\ulcorner$Natural Recreation Forest$\lrcorner$ zones supposed to be overcrowded meeting the forcasted demand level of 2001 year.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.525-539
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• 2019

Much research has been conducted on user behavior by taking surveys and interviews to plan the green space effectively. However, there is a limitation in understanding detailed user characteristics such as personalities and values. This study applied the Persona-based Scenario Method (PSM) to Hongneung Experimental Forest to understand the detailed needs and behaviors of the users in the forest recreation area. The PSM is a user experience modeling technique, which tries to understand the users by describing the type of users as real people. This study 1) extracts the factors of visitor recreation activities in Hongneung Experimental Forest based on the results of the survey, 2) develops user personas based on the results of survey and comes up with activity factors, and 3) designs user scenarios. As a result of applying the PSM, 64 factors of visitor activities were derived from the observation survey in 14 sites of Hongneung Experimental Forest and 25 key factors of visitor activities were chosen through observer's brainstorming. Second, three types of personas were developed considering the key factors and the results of user characteristics with quantitative and qualitative analysis. Lastly, context scenarios were designed by applying the key factors of visitor recreation activities to the persona model. We identified the design problems of the space and design requirements through the scenarios. This study has significance in that it takes an approach from the user perspective and was applied to the forest recreation area, which was mainly used in product design. The developed personas could be used for deriving design elements and setting the direction for planning considering detailed needs, behaviors and characteristics of users.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제109권4호
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• pp.532-543
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• 2020

본 연구는 자연휴양림과 수목원 간의 방문 이용특성과 서비스 만족도, 전반적 만족도 및 충성도(재방문의향, 권유의향)의 관계를 비교, 분석하는 것을 목적으로 수행하였으며 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자연휴양림의 서비스 만족도, 전반적 만족도, 이용객 충성도 모두 수목원보다 높게 나타났으며, 상대적으로 서비스 만족도가 전반적 만족도나 이용객 충성도에 비해 평균 차이가 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 자연휴양림의 서비스 만족도는 전반적 만족도, 이용객 충성도에 영향을 주지 않는 반면, 수목원의 서비스 만족도는 전반적 만족도와 이용객 충성도에 정(+)의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 수목원 이용객의 전반적 만족도에 미치는 가장 큰 요인은 '산림 및 휴양경관'이었으며 재방문의향은 '자연경관 체험콘텐츠'와 '시설이용요금'이, 권유의향은 '자연경관 체험콘텐츠'가 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 인자로 도출되었다. 본 연구는 전국에 분포한 자연휴양림과 수목원 방문 이용객을 대상으로 공통된 항목을 동시에 조사한 자료를 토대로 분석하여 두 산림휴양공간 간에 이용특성에 차이가 있음을 확인하였다는데 의미가 있다. 향후 이러한 전국 규모의 이용객 실태조사 결과가 산림휴양공간 유형별 차별화된 운영전략 제시로 이어지기 위해서는 산림휴양공간에서 제공하는 서비스 전반을 아우르는 공통 조사항목의 개발이 필요하다. 더불어 각각의 산림휴양공간의 조성목적에 부합하는 기능 발휘를 위해 서비스 콘텐츠를 선택적으로 운영하고 있으므로 해당 항목을 추가적으로 개발, 모듈화하여 공통 조사항목과 병행 조사하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단된다.

• 공원문화
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• 통권26호
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• pp.26-32
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• 1984

There have been few researches on the factors affecting forest recreation demand and demand for and value of forest recreation in Korea. This study has three main objectives as follows; First, to introduce the nature of recreation demand, the factors affecting forest recreation demand, and the methods of measuring demand for and benefits from forest recreation by reviewing related literatures. Secondly, to investigate the visitors' characteristics, patterns of recreation activities, and their attitudes for the recreation environments at the Deogyu National Park through interviewing them with the questionaire. Thirdly, to estimate the demand for and benefits of forest recreation at the National Park by Travel Cost Method. The survey was dealt by three trained interviewers at the enterance of the park for 5 days from September 26 to October 10, 1982. The 430 respondents were sampled randomly among 9,391 visitors with 4.6% of sampling rate. As the results, the study revealed that most of visitors to Deogyu National Park were from urban areas and belonged to the intermediate-upper income classes, and that most of them traveled more than 250 km or 4 hours to the site from their origins. And more respondents answered that the recreation environments of the cite were more or less better than other recreation areas. From the date of travel distances and participation rates of 13 cities or counties, the demand schedule of forest recreation at the National Park was established. The estimated equation of total experience demand curve is; Log $VR_i$ 2.6353 – 1.021 Log $D_i$ $R^2=0.9451$ where, $VR_i$ $(%\times1000)$ = Participation rate of the ith origin $D_i$ (km) = Travel distance from the ith origin From the total experience demand curve, the demand curve of recreation resources was built by adding travel cost in distance (km). The regression equation of the recreation resources at the Nation park is; Log V = 4.0304 – 0.8167 Log D $R^2=0.9060$ From the demand schedule of recreation resources, the recreational bendfits of Deogyu National Park was estimated. The estimated bendfits to a visitor from the forest is equivalent to the travel cost of 2,372 km. The study also found out that the demand for recreation resources was less elastic than the demand for the total recreation experience at the Deogyu National Park.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권4호
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• pp.573-579
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• 2010

본 연구는 국립공원 탐방수요와 경제변수인 산업생산지수와 소비자물가지수 간의 관계를 분석하였다. 인과 관계검정 결과 산업생산지수와 소비자물가지수는 국립공원 탐방수요에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 충격반응분석 결과 산업생산지수와 소비자물가지수가 단기적으로 큰 반응을 보이기 시작하여 장기적으로 파급효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 분산분해분석 결과 국립공원 탐방수요는 자체변수에 가장 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과 경제변수는 휴양의 수요를 예측하고 정책을 수립하는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the resource value of existing mud flats in JANGWHARI, KANGWHADO, as strategies for ecotourism. The research methods used in this study are Limits of Acceptable Change(LAC), and Recreation Opportunity Spectrum(ROS). The LAC process draws attention to the existing area conditions that are judged to be acceptable. Managers must define desired area conditions and undertake actions to maintain or achieve these conditions. The ROS is within each of the recreation opportunity classes identified as being used at the regional level. The Results of this study are as follows: 1) The Opportunity Class of the ROS is ecological, physical, social, managerial setting as primitive, semi-primitive. non-motorized, semi-primitive$.$motorized, and roaded natural. 2) The indicator of the LAC is ecological, physical, social, and managerial setting; the indicator of ecological is wildlife populations, water quality, road paving; the indicator of physical is facilities; the indicator of social is visitor needs for knowledge, adventure, eco-experience, and environmental education programs; and, the indicator of managerial is limits of law, and degree of management. 3) Currently, the Opportunity Class of the ROS of JANGWHARI, KANGWHADO is levels II-III, and the Opportunity Class of the suggested ROS is levels I-II. 4) This paper describes strategies for mud flat area management: detection of water quality, resolving problems of equipment, supply of both environmental education programs and guide equipment.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.144-149
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• 2005

본 연구는 월악산국립공원 탐방객들의 국립공원 이용 및 관리 관련 속성에 대한 탐방객 태도를 파악함으로써 효율적인 공원관리 방안 수립에 필요한 탐방객 관련 정보의 제공을 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위해 응답자 직접 기입 방식의 설문조사가 월악산국립공원의 주 이용거점에서 공원방문을 마치고 귀가하는 221명의 탐방객들을 대상으로 실시되었다. 연구결과, 국립공원 관리 방향에 대 해 탐방객들은 보전지향적인 태도를 나타냈다. 국립공원의 다양한 환경 요소로부터 추출한 이용 및 관리 관련 18개 속성들의 심각성에 대한 태도를 측정 한 결과 '보통'에서 '심각하지 않은 수준'의 범위로 비교적 긍정적으로 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 월악산국립공원에서의 종합적인 휴양만족 수준도 대체적으로 만족하는 수준으로 평가되었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2003

Perceived crowding is known as a necessary method to evaluate social carrying capacity in recreational settings. But according to the results of previous research, perceived crowding, use density, and satisfaction have shown weak and indirect correlations. The theory of visitors’ adjustment is one of several possible explanations for this poor relation. But the validity of the visitors’ adjustment theory has not been not inspected clearly. Therefore, the purposes of this study are to understand visitors’ adjustment theory and to examine visitors’ adjustment to the overuse of recreational settings. Study hypotheses were formulated through literature review and related to visitors’ adjustment in recreation density. Pour hypotheses were established and inspected with the case study, i.e., Rationalization : Visitors’ satisfaction isn't related to use density in recreation setting, 2) Product-shift : Preference norm is related to current use density, 3) Self-selection : Visitors’ satisfaction for the use level is generally high, and 4) Displacement : Norm interference is related to willingness to revisit. The case study was conducted during May and June,2001. According to the results of this survey, visitors adjust to overuse of recreation setting through rationalization and product shift (hypotheses l/2 acceptance). Current use density isn't related to visitors’ satisfaction and willingness to revisit (see table 3). And visitors’ preference norm is modified by situation (see table 4). Visitors’ satisfaction and willingness to revisit don't show a high correlation but moderately high (see table 5, hypothesis 3 acceptance). Differences between visitors’ preference norm and current use density is norm interference. Norm interference isn't related to willingness to revisit (see table 7). Therefore, the norm interference concept is not a useful method to explain visitors’ adjustment to the degree of overuse in a recreational setting (hypothesis 4 rejection). As for future directions, the following are proposed: 1) correctly understanding and reestablishing the visitor norm and norm interference concept, 2) introducing a composite research method to monitor visitors’ behavior and survey visitors’ attitudes and coping responses. These efforts would be helpful in the Planning and management of recreational settings to improve the quality of visitors’ experiences.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2012

A study surveyed to visitor's user behavior and importance-satisfaction in the Provicial Wando-arboretum. As the results of the research, Most of the visitors are 40s and 50s and live in Jeonnam Region, Gwang-ju. The purpose of their visit was recreation, leisure or experience of a warm-temperate forest. Also the mean of importance was 3.94 and the mean of satisfaction was 3.51 in the Wando-arboretum. It appeared necessary for items of program development, homepage management and amenities including public toilet. The research results are expected to suggest efficient management measures. And expects with the research result that will be the possibility of raising the qualitative satisfaction of the visitor.