• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.377-382
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• 2021

Background: Subclavian vein (SV) catheterization is a method for the delivery of fluids, drugs, and blood products, venous blood sampling, and central vein pressure monitoring in cardiac surgery. Catheter occlusion is a serious complication of SV catheterization during cardiac surgery, especially after sternal retractor expansion. Methods: In this observational study, 303 patients who had successful right infraclavicular SV catheterization from September 2019 to April 2020 were enrolled to determine the incidence of catheter occlusion. After catheterization, the lumens of all catheters were checked for the ability to infuse and withdraw blood from the catheter before and after sternal retractor expansion. The patients' characteristics, cannulation approach, on-pump or off-pump technique, occlusion of the catheter and its lumens, and any associated complications were recorded. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS ver. 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results: Of the 303 patients studied, 205 were male (67.7%) and 98 were female (32.3%). Catheter occlusion occurred in 11 patients with on-pump cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (227 patients) and 4 patients with off-pump CPB (76 patients) (p=0.863). The incidence of catheter occlusion was 4.95% (15 of 303 patients) with no cases of simultaneous 3-lumen occlusion in a catheter. The most commonly occluded lumen was the distal lumen (57.92%). Simultaneous 2-lumen occlusion occurred in 4 patients. Catheter occlusion was found in 3 of 13 malpositioned catheters (23.07%). Conclusion: The current study showed that malpositioning of the catheter tip was a risk factor for catheter occlusion and that the distal lumen of a triple-lumen catheter was the most commonly occluded lumen.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.246-254
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of knowledge and risk perception of coronavirus disease-2019 on preventive health behavior among nursing students. The survey participants were 291 students in A city. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires between August 1 and 20, 2020. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression in SPSS ver. 18.0. Knowledge of COVID-19 was significantly dependent on age and school records. Risk perceptions were significantly dependent on educational grades. Age, health status, knowledge, and risk perception had significant effects on preventive health behavior, which was found to be positively correlated with knowledge and risk perception. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that age significantly predicted preventive health behavior (β=.188, p<.01), health status (β=-.245, p<.001), knowledge (β=.254, p<.001), and risk perception (β=.191, p<.001) that it accounted for 18.9% (F=17.904, p<.001) of the variance. An educational program is required to enhance the preventive health behavior of nursing students in a background of COVID-2019 that considers student age, health level, knowledge, and perception of risk.

• The Korean Journal of Vision Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.403-411
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• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to analyze how the certain efforts of the optical shops affect on opticians' job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and to analyze how opticians' job satisfaction and organizational commitment affect on the customer orientation and to suggest the method of maintaining competitiveness. Methods : Two hundred opticians took participations on the surveys via the Internet survey method and social network system (SNS), and SPSS 18.0 statistics program was used for data analysis; frequency analysis, T-test, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted. Results : It is analyzed the differences on the job satisfaction and organizational commitment in accordance with type of optical shops, conducting 5 working days/week and flexible time. As a result, higher job satisfaction is presented with 5 working days/week. Relationships with co-workers statistically affect on job satisfaction positively and emotional labor and work overload statistically affect on job satisfaction negatively. In addition, relationships with co-workers and reward statistically affect on organizational commitment positively and emotional labor and work overload statistically affect on organizational commitment negatively. And opticians' job satisfaction and organizational commitment statistically affect on customer satisfaction positively. Conclusion : It is necessary for the optical shops to make an effort for their opticians to improve the job satisfaction and organizational commitment. And to do so, it is needed to form trusting and respecting relationships with co-workers or superiors. In addition, it is necessary to have continuous communication and education for opticians' self-management. Also, it is needed to establish an effective reward system.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.126
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• pp.1-23
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• 2013

Heute ist das Problem in der globalen Gesellschaft, mit dem wir uns $besch{\ddot{a}}ftigen$ sollen, die ${\ddot{o}}kologische$ Krise. Einer der Wege, um die ${\ddot{o}}kologische$ Krise zu $l{\ddot{o}}sen$, ist das Finden des ${\ddot{o}}kologischen$ Gleichgewichts des Landes und des menschlichen $K{\ddot{o}}rpers$. Dieser Aufsatz behandelt mit dem Begriff von "Salim (Haushalten und Beleben)" die Beziehung des Menschen zum Land, und die Beziehung des Landes zum menschlichen $K{\ddot{o}}rper$. In $Ankn{\ddot{u}}pfung$ an das Konzept der ${\ddot{o}}kologischen$ "Salim" laufen bei diesem Aufsatz $vielf{\ddot{a}}ltige$ Argumente wie die Beziehung des Menschen zum Land als ${\acute{e}}coum{\acute{e}}n$ Ethik, "Salim des Landes" und "Salim des $K{\ddot{o}}rpers$" zusammen. Das ${\ddot{o}}kologische$ Ungleichgewicht im 21. Jahrhundert weist darauf hin, dass die menschliche Beziehung zum Land als einem Platz der menschlichen Besiedlung bis jetzt nicht gesund war. Das Anfordern der ${\acute{e}}coum{\acute{e}}n$ Ethik von heute erweist sich, dass wir herausarbeiten $m{\ddot{u}}ssen$, die gesundliche Beziehung des Menschen zum Land wieder zu beleben. Im Kapitel 3, in $Anschlu{\ss}$ an das Konzept der ${\ddot{o}}kologischen$ "Salim" des Landes, ist die Tatsache in Betracht zu ziehen, dass das Land nicht einfach wirtschaftlichen Wert hat, sondern zur Gemeinschaft des kosmischen Lebens $geh{\ddot{o}}rt$. Mit dem Konzept der ${\ddot{o}}kologischen$ $K{\ddot{o}}rper$-Salim, versucht das Kapitel 4 darzulegen, wie der menschliche $K{\ddot{o}}rper$ im kosmischen Lebenszyklus beteiligt ist. Heute, konfrontiert mit der Amnesie vom Leben des Landes und mit dem $Sch{\ddot{a}}den$ des $K{\ddot{o}}rper-{\ddot{o}}kosystems$, sollten wir unser Bewusstsein und unsere Lebensweise $ver{\ddot{a}}ndern$ und die ${\ddot{o}}kologischen$ Salim-Bewegung in die Praxis setzen.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.125-133
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between end of life care competencies and terminal care stress of nurses in long term care hospitals. Methods: For this study, 140 nurses were sampled among those that have over 6-month end of life care experience and were working at long term care hospitals located in A city and C city of Chungcheongnam-do. Using a questionnaire, data were collected from January 2018 through March 2018. Data were analyzed using the SPSS, Windows version 21.0, according to the purpose of the study and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one way ANOVA, $Sch\acute{e}ffe^{\prime}s$ test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The mean score on terminal care stress of nurses was above the normal level. The scores on end of life care competencies significantly varied by age, total career at hospitals, death/hospice and palliative care education, and bereavement experience. The mean score of end of life care competencies was negatively correlated with the mean score of lack of knowledge and skills among the subitems of the terminal care stress category (r=-0.260, P=0.002). Conclusion: To decrease the terminal care stress of long term care hospital nurses, it is suggested to carry out end of life care education tailored to nurses characteristics.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.90-97
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• 2019

Purpose: Previous studies related with occlusal contact area were limited that interocclusal thickness level or the method of measurement has not been accurate in measuring. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between head posture and occlusal contact area using photo occlusion analysis. Materials and Methods: 54 subjects with complete dentition (44 men, 10 women / 23 to 33 years of age) were included. To identify the relationship between head posture and occlusal contact area, subjects took interocclusal record in maximal intercuspal position with three different positions(supine position ($0^{\circ}$) / inclined position ($45^{\circ}$) / upright position ($90^{\circ}$)) on the dental unit chair. Occlusal contact area was analyzed using photo occlusion analysis. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS ver.25.0 at 95% confidence interval. Results: Head posture has no significant effect on the changes of occlusal contact area (P > 0.05). Conclusion: When interocclusal relation is stable, head posture does not change a interocclusal record because head posture has no significant effect on occlusal contact area. Analysis of occlusal contact area using photo occlsion analysis device is useful due to its material property and simplicity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.557-564
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• 2019

The characteristics of the torque and torque ripple of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor(IPMSM) are influenced by the size and position of the rotor magnet and the size of the stator slot. This paper deals with the optimal design method for improving torque and torque ripplerate for IPMSM using Response Surface Methodology(RSM). Two objective functions of torque output and torque ripple were derived from the sensitivity analysis by Plackett-Burmann(PB) for the characteristic variables affecting torque and torque ripple. Secondary characteristic variables were selected from the derived objective function and RSM secondary regression model function was estimated by the experiment schedule and analysis results according to the Central Composite Design (CCD). The reliability of the secondary regression model was verified using ANOVA table. The analysis according to the experimental schedule was verified by JMAG(Ver. 18.0) which is Finite Element Method(FEM) software. The torque output of IPMSM applied with final characteristic variables was increased torque output by 11.5 % and the torque ripplerate was reduced by 9.1 %.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.14
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• pp.191-240
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• 2006

For long-term preservation of electronic records, the information on the whole processes of management from the time of creation of the electronic information should be captured and managed together. Such information is supported by preservation metadata thus the implementation of preservation metadata is important for preservation of electronic records maintaining the record-ness. Preservation metadata is the information that supports the process of digital preservation and functions th maintain long-term viability, renderability, understandability, authenticity and identity of digital resources. Preservation metadata should be developed applying the international standard Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System(OAIS) to have international interoperability for exchange and reuse. Initial international preservation metadata schemas were developed standardizing the OAIS Reference Model. But the preservation metadata schema of Victorian Electronic Records Strategy(VERS) and recently published Data Dictionary of PREMIS Working Group were developed in advanced types that are different from the existing framework. Those were advanced th practical ones from conceptual one. Comparing these two cases, proposed the elements of integral preservation metadata for long-term preservation of electronic records. This thesis has the significance that it has suggested the direction for future development of the elements of preservation metadata by setting the past discussions related to preservation metadata in order and proposing integral preservation metadata elements for long-term preservation of electronic records.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.571-579
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify levels of hearing handicap, depression, and self-efficacy, and to determine the effect of hearing handicap on depression and self-efficacy in home-based elderly. Data were collected from August to September 2017. Two hundred and seventy eight elderly living at home in three cities participated in this study. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and by multiple regression analysis using SPSS Ver. 20.0 for Windows. Mean levels of hearing handicap, depression, and self-efficacy were 10.91 (${\pm}19.83$), 4.75 (${\pm}3.90$), and 46.87 (${\pm}6.75$) respectively. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between hearing handicap and depression (r=.228, p<.001), and significant negative correlations were found between hearing handicap and self-efficacy (r=-.284, p<.001) and between depression and self-efficacy (r=-.526, p<.001). Hearing handicap had a negative effect on self-efficacy (${\beta}=-.161$, p=.008) and its explanatory power was 27.2%. The study results suggest that the developments of multidisciplinary interventions and education programs are important to prevent or minimize hearing handicap in the elderly.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.711-720
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the general health behaviors of elementary school children in single- and two-parent families and to identify factors affecting health behavior. The study subjects were 1,023 students attending S elementary school in G province. Data was collected from March 5, 2018 to March 16, 2018. Collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis using SPSS/WIN Ver. 22.0. The results of children with a single-parent mother were significantly different for 'regular breakfast' (p=.015) and 'counseling with homeroom teachers' (p=.019), and the results of children with a single-parent father were significantly different for 'wash hands before going out and before meals' (p=.035), 'someone you can talk to when you are worried' (p=.005), and 'often lonely and depressed' (p=.007). Logistic regression analysis showed that children with single-parent families were 7.670 times more likely to seek 'counseling with homeroom teachers' than children with two-parent families (p=.011). The results of this study provide basic data on the health behaviors of elementary school students with single-parent families.