• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2001

The effects of Ti-silicide process on the electrical properties of an analog polysilicon capacitor were investigated. To improve the linearity with the applied voltage both electrodes, which are polysilicon in our device, should have almost same material properties. The doping concentrations of both electrodes need to be high and to have the similar levels. Voltage Coefficient of Capacitance (VCC) is one of the properties to represent the linearity of analog capacitor, and it is related with the material and the structure of capacitor. In this study, it was possible to obtain the lower VCC by siliciding the polysilicon areas of capacitor. This is due to the parasitic capacitance at the interfaces between silicide and polysilicons, resulting the decrease of unit capacitance. However, we assumed the creation of positive oxide charge near the lower polysilicon electrode during the silicide process.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.535-540
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• 2017

The changes in the electrical characteristics of CMOS ICs due to coupling with a narrow-band electromagnetic wave were analyzed in this study. A magnetron (3 kW, 2.45 GHz) was used as the narrow-band electromagnetic source. The DUT was a CMOS logic IC and the gate output was in the ON state. The malfunction of the ICs was confirmed by monitoring the variation of the gate output voltage. It was observed that malfunction (self-reset) and destruction of the ICs occurred as the electric field increased. To confirm the variation of electrical characteristics of the ICs due to the narrow-band electromagnetic wave, the pin-to-pin resistances (Vcc-GND, Vcc-Input1, Input1-GND) and input capacitance of the ICs were measured. The pin-to-pin resistances and input capacitance of the ICs before exposure to the narrow-band electromagnetic waves were $8.57M{\Omega}$ (Vcc-GND), $14.14M{\Omega}$ (Vcc-Input1), $18.24M{\Omega}$ (Input1-GND), and 5 pF (input capacitance). The ICs exposed to narrow-band electromagnetic waves showed mostly similar values, but some error values were observed, such as $2.5{\Omega}$, $50M{\Omega}$, or 71 pF. This is attributed to the breakdown of the pn junction when latch-up in CMOS occurred. In order to confirm surface damage of the ICs, the epoxy molding compound was removed and then studied with an optical microscope. In general, there was severe deterioration in the PCB trace. It is considered that the current density of the trace increased due to the electromagnetic wave, resulting in the deterioration of the trace. The results of this study can be applied as basic data for the analysis of the effect of narrow-band high-power electromagnetic waves on ICs.

• 전기의세계
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.12-19
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• 1989

16Mb DRAM을 개발하는데 필요한 주요한 기술적인 문제점으로 설계면에서는 전력소모, Noise, Vcc내부 전압강하회로를 들 수 있다. 기술적인 면은 CELL을 어떻게 형상화느냐에 따라 문제가 다르게 나타나나 단차에 따른 photo/etching, 박막의 leakage전류와 reliability, short channel에 따른 transistor특성의 안정화등이 있다. 특히 16Mb에서는 stack형, stack과 trench의 병합형이 cell의 주요형태가 될 전망이다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.9-16
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose an ATM processor suitable for VoDSL subscriber's equipments. The processor is composed of ATM block, AAL protocol block and ATS scheduler, and provides up to 4 VCC which service data and voice traffics on the ATM network. The proposed ATS scheduler can guarantee QoS of the voice traffic and supports multiple AAL2 packet. The ATM processor is manufactured on the 0.35 micron fabrication line of HYNIX semiconductor and provides the maximum data transfer rate of up to 52 Mbps. We implement the LAD, which is the VoDSL subscriber's equipment. The experimental results on the test bed network shows that the proposed hardware scheme successfully services most of the applications of the VoDSL services.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.57-62
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• 2009

In this paper, to implement PCS (Physical Coding Sublayer) of 10GBASE-R type, we present 2 stage pipeline 64b/66b Encoder/Decoder which operates at 156.25MHz standard specification and designed to minimize clock latency as possible as we can. The proposed circuit was designed based on Verilog hardware description language and measured for functional verification on VertexII-1000fg456 chip of Xilinx Inc.. Total equivalent gate count is 47,303 and estimated power consumption is 351mW at Vcc 3.3V.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.202-206
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• 2009

Evaluation system for calibrating Rogowski coiI(RC) up to primary current of 40,000 A have been established. The system consists of 40,000 A AC high current source, current transformer(CT) comparator, standard CT, RC under test, voltage to current convertor(VCC), buffer and CT burden. An AC high current is applied to the primary windings of both the standard CT and the RC under test, and then the CT comparator measures the ratio error and the phase displacement by comparing the secondary current of the standard CT with output current of VCC. For testing of RC, we have evaluated two RCs under test of primary current ranges of 0 A ${\sim}$ 2,000 A and 0 A ${\sim}$ 40,000 A with the accuracy class of 1 %. The extended uncertainty is 0.02 % ${\sim}$ 0.23 % for ratio error and 0.29 min ${\sim}$ 1.93 min for phase displacement in the primary current ranges of 10 ${\sim}$ 40,000 A.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.327-334
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• 2017

To review recent advances in endoscopic techniques for treating intraventricular lesions via transcortical passage. Articles in PubMed published since 2000 were searched using the keywords 'endoscopy,' 'endoscopic,' and 'neuroendoscopic.' Of these articles, those describing intraventricular lesions were reviewed. Suprasellar arachnoid cysts (SACs) can be treated with ventriculo-cystostomy (VC) or ventriculo-cysto-cisternostomy (VCC). VCC showed better results compared to VC. Procedure type, fenestration size, stent placement, and aqueductal patency may affect SAC prognosis. Colloid cysts can be managed using a transforaminal approach (TA) or a transforaminal-transchoroidal approach (TTA). However, TTA may result in better exposure compared to TA. Intraventricular cysticercosis can be cured with an endoscopic procedure alone, but if pericystic inflammation and/or ependymal reaction are seen, third ventriculostomy may be recommended. Tumor biopsies have yielded successful diagnosis rates of up to 100%, but tumor location, total specimen size, endoscope type, and vigorous coagulation on the tumor surface may affect diagnostic accuracy. An ideal indication for tumor excision is a small tumor with friable consistency and little vascularity. Tumor size, composition, and vascularity may influence a complete resection. SACs and intraventricular cysticercosis can be treated successfully using endoscopic procedures. Endoscopic procedures may represent an alternative to surgical options for colloid cyst removal. Solid tumors can be safely biopsied using endoscopic techniques, but endoscopy for tumor resection still results in considerable challenges.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.133-143
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• 2000

A large scale field test of prefabricated vertical drains was performed to anayze the effect of parameters of the very soft clay at a test site. compression index and the coefficient of horizontal consolidation obtained by back-analysis of settlement data were compared with those obtained by means of laboratory tests. Hyperbolic method, Asaoka meoth and curve fitting method were used to compute final settlement of coefficient of consolidation. The relationships of settlement measurement(Sm) versus design settlement(St) and the measurement consolidation ratio(Um) versus design consolidation (Ut) were shown as Sm=(1.0~1.1) St , Um=(1.13~1.17) Ut at 1.0m spacing of drain and Sm=(0.7~0.8)St, Um= (0.92~0.99) Ut at 1.5 m spacing of drain, respectively . The relationships of the field compression index(CcField) and virgin compression index(vcc lab) were shown as Ccfield =(1.0~1.2)vcc lab . But it was nearly within the same range when considering the error factor with the determination method of virgin compression index and the prediction back-analysis of the settlement data was larger than the coefficient of vertical consolidation, and the ratio of consolidation coefficient (Ch/Cv) was Ch =(2.4~2.9) Cv , Ch=(3.4~4.2) Cv at 1.0m and 1.5m spacing of drain, respectively.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.521-529
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• 2012

Since the energy demand for refrigeration and air-conditioning has greatly increased all over the world, thermally activated refrigeration cycle has attracted much attention. This study carries out a performance analysis of a vapor compression cycle (VCC) driven by organic Rankine cycle (ORC) utilizing low-temperature heat source in the form of sensible heat. The ORC is assumed to produce minimum net work which is required to drive the VCC without generating an excess electricity. Effects of important system parameters such as turbine inlet pressure, condensing temperature, and evaporating temperature on the system variables such as mass flow ratio, net work production, and coefficient of performance (COP) are thoroughly investigated. The effect of choice of working fluid on COP is also considered. Results show that net work production and COP increase with increasing turbine inlet pressure or decreasing condensing temperature. Out of the five kinds of organic fluids considered $C_4H_{10}$ gives a relatively high COP in the range of low turbine inlet pressure.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.373-379
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• 2000

Low salt fermented anchovy was stored at $25^{\circ}C$ for a period of 20 days from the time of ultra-high pressure treatment under different operating conditions, such as magnitude of pressure($(200{\sim}500\;MPa)$, temperature$(20{\sim}50^{\circ}C)$ and treatment time$(5{\sim}20\;min)$ with viable cell count(VCC) and quality assessments conducted at regular intervals. VCC decreased logarithmically during storage. Lower values of VCC in the treated samples were observed compared to the untreated. A gradual increase in peroxide value was noticed during storage, compared to those of the untreated which showed a sudden rise. Thiobarbituric acid value decreased initially and remained at that level before rising almost exponentially between 12 and 20 days. Volatile basic nitrogen increased gradually during storage. Amino nitrogen remained almost constant up to 20 days, regardless of any conditions investigated. High pressure treatment maintained better quality during storage at $25^{\circ}C$ by reducing the viable cell count in low salt fermented anchovy.