• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.222-227
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• 2010

Purpose : To evaluate the significance of clinical signs and laboratory findings as predictors of renal parenchymal lesions and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in childhood urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods : From July 2005 to July 2008, 180 patients admitted with a first febrile UTI at the Pediatric Department of Konkuk University Hospital were included in this study. The following were the clinical variables: leukocytosis, elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), positive urine nitrite, positive urine culture, and fever duration both before and after treatment. We evaluated the relationships between clinical variables and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) results. Results : VCUG was performed in 148 patients; of them, 37 (25.0%) had VUR: 18 (12.2%) had low-grade (I-II) VUR, and 19 (10.5%) had high-grade (III-V) VUR. Of the 95 patients who underwent DMSA scanning, 29 (30.5%) had cortical defects, of which 21 (63.6%) had VUR: 10 (30.3%), low-grade (I-II) VUR; and 11 (33.3%), high-grade VUR. Of the 57 patients who were normal on DMSA scan, 8 (14.0%) had low-grade VUR and 6 (10.5%) had high-grade VUR. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the DMSA scan in predicting high-grade VUR were 64.7%, 69.9%, 33.3%, and 89.5%, respectively. Leukocytosis, elevated CRP, and prolonged fever ($36{\geq}$ hours) after treatment were significantly correlated with the cortical defects on DMSA scans and high-grade VUR. Conclusion : Clinical signs, including prolonged fever after treatment, elevated CRP, and leukocytosis, are positive predictors of acute pyelonephritis and high-grade VUR.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.372-378
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• 2013

An alginate-degrading bacterium, identified as Shewanella oneidensis PKA 1008 by 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis, was isolated from the green alga Ulva pertusa. Optimal conditions for the alginate-degrading ability of its crude enzyme were then determined. The optimal culture conditions for the growth of S. oneidensis PKA 1008 were pH 9, 2% NaCl, $30^{\circ}C$, and 24 hours incubation time. The crude enzyme produced by S. oneidensis PKA 1008 showed the highest alginate-degrading activity at pH 9, $30^{\circ}C$ and produced 1.001 g of reducing sugar per liter in 3.5% (w/v) sodium alginate for 1 hour.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.39-46
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• 2018

Many studies on the electrochemical performance of Li secondary batteries have been obtained using coin-type cells due to the ease of assembly, low cost and ensuring reproducibility. The coin-type cell consists of a case, a gasket, a spacer disk, and a wave spring. These structural features require a greater amount of liquid electrolyte to assemble than other types of cells such as laminated cells and cylindrical cells. Nevertheless, little research has been conducted on the effect of excess liquid electrolytes on the electrochemical performances of Li secondary batteries. In this study, we investigate the effect of different amounts of electrolyte on the coin-type cells. The amount of electrolytes is adjusted to 30 and $100mg\;mAh^{-1}$. Cycle performances at room temperature ($25^{\circ}C$) and high temperature ($60^{\circ}C$) and high voltage are performed to investigate the electrochemical properties of the different amount of electrolytes. In the case of the unit cell including the electrolyte of $30mg\;mAh^{-1}$, the discharging capacity retention characteristic is excellent in comparison with the case of $100mg\;mAh^{-1}$ under the high temperature and high voltage condition. The former shows a larger increase in internal resistance than the latter, confirming that the amount of electrolyte significantly influences the discharge capacity retention characteristics of the battery.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.197-200
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• 2006

Amorphous alloys of Co-rich magnetic amorphous films are well known as thpical soft magnetic alloys. They are used for many kinds of electric and electronic parts such as magnetic recording heads, transformers and inductors. CoFeHfO thin films were prepared by RF magnetron reactive sputtering. The films were deposited onto Si(100) substrates with a power of 300 W at room temperature. The reactive gas was introduced up to 10% ($O_2$/(Ar + $O_2$)) during deposition, and the $Co_{39}Fe_{34}Hf_{9.5}O_{17.5}$ thin film exhibit excellent soft magnetic properties : saturation magnetization ($4{\pi}M_s$) of 19kG, magnetic coercivity ($H_c$) of 0.37 Oe, anisotropy field ($H_k$) of 48.62 Oe, and an electrical property is also shown to be as high as 300 ${\mu}{\Omega}cm$. It is assumed that the good soft magnetic properties of $Co_{39}Fe_{34}Hf_{9.5}O_{17.5}$ thin film results from high electrical resistivity and large anisotropy field.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.623-632
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• 1993

This study was conducted to develop a sensitized latex-antigen for serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis in animals. Tachyzoites of T gondii(RH-strain) harvested from mouse peritoneal cavity were purified through the filtraton of polycarbonate membrane(pore size, $3.0{{\mu}m}$, Costar Co.) and disrupted by ultrasonicator. The tachyzoite suspension was ultracentrifuged for 30 min at $60,000{\times}g(4{^{\circ}C})$ and the supernatant was used as a water-lysate antigen. Polystyrene latex particles of $0.8{{\mu}m}$ in diameter(Sigma) were used for the preparation of sensitized latex-antigen suspension. The several parameters including the preparation conditions, incubation buffer. serum dilution buffer and stability of agglutination reactions were evaluated and the results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. The antigen consisting of a water-lysate of T gondii tachyzoites was adsorbed onto polystyrene latex particles of $0.8{{\mu}m}$ in diameter by adding a latex suspension to an equal volume of diluted antigen solution and by incubating the mixture at $37{^{\circ}C}$ under different conditions. 2. The optimum incubation buffer used for the antigen sensitization was 0.1M Tris-HCl buffer(pH 8.0). 3. The optimum serum dilution buffer used for the latex agglutination test was 0.1M Tris-HCl-NaCl buffer(pH 7.4) containing 300 mM NaCl. But 0.1M Tris-HCl-NaCl buffer(pH 7.4) containing 300-600 mM NaCl, 0.5% BSA and 0.01% Tween-20 improved the agglutination pattems and cleared the background of microplate well without the effects on L.A titer. 4. The time required for antigen sensitization was 40 and 60 min in incubation buffer(pH 8.0) at $37{^{\circ}C}$. But the optimun time for antigen sensitization was min at $37{^{\circ}C}$. 5. The optimun quantity of antigen absorbed on latex particles for proper agglutination was the range of 20 to $32{\mu}g$ of latex particles. 6. The optimun concentration of the latex-antigen suspension for the proper agglutination reaction was determined as 0.2%(w/v). 7. The specificity, rapidity and simplicity of the latex-particle agglutination test suggested that it might be adaptable to large scale serum screening.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.849-853
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• 2021

PET images used in medical diagnoses are created using positron emitting radionuclides. The radiation used for imaging is generated at 0.511 MeV by p-annihilation. The CSDA range is the distance the particle radiation flew physically, and it is different from the range shown in PET images. This study proposes a novel method that uses radiological criteria to measure this range. The experiment was conducted by applying the MCNP6 simulation to positron emitting nuclides ¹⁸F, ¹¹C, ¹³N, and ¹⁵O. Radiological criteria were based on the location of the p-annihilation event, which is also the image signal. Results showed the radiological range of positrons to be 2.3, 3.9, 5.0, and 7.9 mm for ¹⁸F, ¹¹C, ¹³N, and ¹⁵O, respectively. The higher the positron energy, the larger its difference from the CSDA range. Positron emitting nuclide is being developed and studied as a nuclide for dosimetry or radiotherapy. Further research needs to be conducted into various positron ranges.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.23-38
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this morphological studies was to investigate the relations between Sanyinjiao(Sp6), Yinlingquan(Sp9) and pancreas of rats using peudorabies virus(PRV). Methods : We observed labeled neurons following the injection of PRV, Bartha strain, into the Sanyinjiao(Sp6), Yinlingquan(Sp9) and pancreas of rats. After survival times of 4 days following the injection of PRV, the rats were perfused, and their spinal ganglia, spinal cord and brain stem were frozen sectioned($35{\mu}m$). These sections were strained by PRV immunohistchemical staining methods and observed with light microscope. Results : The results were as follows. 1. In the spinal ganglia, the overlap areas of PRV labeled neurons projecting to Sanyinjiao(Sp6), Yinlingquan(Sp9) and pancreas were observed in T10-13 dorsal root ganglia. 2. In the spinal cord, the overlap areas of PRV labeled neurons projecting to Sanyinjiao(Sp6), Yinlingquan(Sp9) and pancreas were lamina I, IV, V, VII, IX, X, intermediolateral nucleus(IML), intermediomedial nucleus(IMM) in thoracic segments. In lumbar segments, the overlap areas of PRV labeled neuron were lamina I, IV, V, VI, IX, X and IMM. In sacral segments, the overlap areas of PRV labeled neuron were lamina I, IV, V, VI, VII, IX, X. 3. In the brain, the overlap areas of PRV labeled neurons projecting to Sanyinjiao(Sp6), Yinlingquan(Sp9) and pancreas were area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarius, caudoventrolateral reticular nu., medullary reticular nu., lateral paragigantocellular nu., C3 adrenalin cells, gigantocellular nu., raphe pallidus nu., raphe obscurus nu., ambiguus nu., raphe magnus nu., pontine reticular formation, A5 cell group, subcoeruleus nu., locus coeruleus, Barringnton's nu., $K{\ddot{o}}lliker$-Fuse nu., dorsal raphe nu., Edinger-Westphal nu., central gray matter, perifornical nu., dorsomedial hypothalamic nu., arcuate nu., lateral hypothalamic nu., paraventricular hypothalamic nu., hindlimb area. Conclusions : In conclusion, these results suggest that the interrelationship of meridian(spleen meridian), acupoints(Sp6 and Sp9) and viscera(pancreas) may be related the central autonomic centers.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 1998

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonic acid, the first intermediate of isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway in plants. The enzyme was solubilized with 0.4% Brij (polyoxyethylene ether) W-1 from a microsomal fraction of etiolated rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.) in which its maximal activity was observed on the fourth day after germination. HMGR was purified to near homogeneity by employing $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ fractionation plus chromatographic procedures including DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and HMG-CoA-hexane-agarose affinity column. The size of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 55 kDa when judged by SDS-PAGE analysis with silver staining method. The apparent $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ values for HMG-CoA were determined to be $180\;{\mu}M$ and 107 pmol/min/mg, and those for NADPH were $810\;{\mu}M$ and 32.1 pmol/min/mg, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.458-464
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• 1999

The value of lysozyme as a natural food preservative is continuously increased due to its unique antimicrobial activity. To determine the optimum separation concentration among the various hen egg white protein (HEWP) concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, w/v), protein concentrations, lysozyme concentrations, specific activities (SA), and purification factors of prefiltered solution (PFS) and PM30 permeate solution (PMS) were compared. The purity of lysozyme separated at each step was analyzed and confirmed by gel permeation chromatography and electrophoresis. The fouling deposits on membrane were observed by SEM. The non-enzymatic proteins were removed over 99% by ultrafiltration (UF). The increased feed concentration did not contribute to the increase of SA. SA of PMS was 18 to 31 times higher than that of PFS. The optimum feed concentration was decided as 0.25% based on SA and purification factor. The non-enzymatic region of gel chromatogram was proved to be ovalbumin. The thickness of deposit on the UF membrane was approximately $0.9{\mu}m$ and removed by cleaning with 0.1 N NaOH. Therefore, UF using PM30 membrane was very effective to separate the antimicrobial lysozyme from various HEWPs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.139-141
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• 2005

이번 실험에서는 변방전형 교류 PDP에서의 3차원적인 전자온도와 이온밀도의 측정을 마이크로 랑뮈르 탐침법을 통해 실험적으로 연구하였다. 스테핑 모터에 연결된 마이크로 랑뮈르 탐침은 20um씩 움직이며 탐침에 인가하는 플러스와 마이너스의 직류전압을 통해 I-V곡선을 구할 수 있고 이를 통해서 전자온도와 플라스마 밀도를 구할 수 있다. Ne+Xe(4%) 200Torr의 혼합가스에서 전극의 테두리를 따라(X축) 전자온도 및 플라스마 밀도를 측정한 결과 중앙지점에서와 전극의 경계지역에서 이온밀도는 $7.69{\sim}11.1{\times}10^{11}cm^{-3}$ 까지 측정되었다. 또한 전자온도는 플라스마 밀도와 균형적인 관계에 있다는 것은 주목할 만하다. 전자온도는 전극 사이의 중심에서 가장 적게 1.3 ~ 3.15eV까지 측정되었다. Y축으로 측정했을 경우 이온 밀도와 전자온도는 전극 갭 중앙에서부터 약 80um 떨어진 지점에서 서로 교차하며 증가 및 감소였으며 이온밀도는 $8.3{\sim}11.1{\times}10^{11}cm^{-3}$로 측정되었고 전자온도는 이와 균형적인 관계를 가지고 1.2~1.6eV로 측정되었다. 또한 이러한 특성은 AC PDP 에서 나타나는 줄무늬 현상과 관련이 있는 것으로 보인다. Z축으로 측정했을 경우 약 125um높이에서 가장 높게 측정되었으며 $1.1{\times}10^{12}cm^{-3}$정도로 측정되었다.