• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 1969

Skin temperatures on 10 sites and rectal temperature at every 10 minutes, oxygen consumption at every 20 minutes were measured on 18 male subjects (ages between 14 and 47 years) after exposure to cold air at $15^{\circ}C$ for two hours in a climatic room. Total body fat measured by means of a skinfold method and ratio of body surface area (S) to body volume (V), S/V, were utilized as basis of observations. Surface area was calculated after DuBois equation and body volume was calculated by our original formula. In influencing on the heat loss from the body core to the cold environment, % fat showed inverse relations, whereas, S/V ratio showed direct relations. Thus these two factors acted antagonistically on the body heat loss. Local skin temperatures showed negative correlations with skinfold thickness on the same site, nemaly, on chest, r=-.567; on back, r=-.507; and on upper arm, r=-.353. The other 7 skin sites showed low correlations with % fat. Minimum mean weighted skin temperature (MWST) showed a negative correlation (r=-.443) with % fat, and showed no correlation with S/V ratio. Oxygen consumption in the cold air at $15^{\circ}C$ increased from the first measurement at 20 minutes after exposure and maintained the same increasing trend up to 120 minutes. ${\Delta}T_R$ was greater in tile lean subjects who showed a greater % change in oxygen consumption. The antagonistic actions of % fat and S/V ratio on the heat loss were manifested by observations as follows: minimum rectal temperature was higher In fat subjects (r=.600) and lower in subjects with a greater S/V ratio (=-.582), ${\Delta}T_R$ was smaller in fat subjects (r=-.738) and greater in subjects with a greater S/V ratio (r=.618). Temperature difference between body core and skin surface (minimum rectal temperature minus minimum MWST) showed a positive correlation with % fat (r=.600) and a negative correlation with S/V ratio (r=-.881). Decrease in the mean body temperature and heat debt, respectively, showed negative correlations with % fat and positive correlations with S/V ratio.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.56-63
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• 2006

Facilities of 76skV Substation(S/S) play an important role in electric power supply grids. Various power facilities of 765kV S/S might be damaged enormously if a strong earthquake occurs. In an effort to mitigate possible earthquake disasters, KEPRI (Korea Electric Power Research Institute) set forth plans to verify seismic safety of the facilities of 765kV S/S. To accomplish the task, an earthquake monitoring systems is constructed at four 765kV S/S sites(Shin-AnSung, Shin-TaeBaek, Shin-SeoSan and Shin-GaPyung). Data from these earthquake monitoring stations are being transmitted via satellite communication. Currently, KEPRI is operating an earthquake monitoring system in freefield of Shin-SeoSan S/S (NSS) tentatively, Also, the data from NSS is preliminarily analyzed using the horizontal to vertical (H/V) spectrum ratio method. The method of H/V spectrum ratio has been used to infer site amplification without previous knowledge of near surface geology. The results of data analysis shorts good S/N ratio and amplification of 20-25 Hz by site effect. In the near future, the accumulated data is expected to provide a basis for assessing and predicting any damages to integrity of 765kV S/S facilities by earthquakes.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was performed to assess the effect onf abdominal obesity treatment on changes in abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat. Methods : The study was conducted on 61 abdominally obese patients (13 men and 48 women). Measures of body weight, waist circumference, abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat area by CT scan, and V/S ratio (Viscero-subcutaneous fat ratio) were acquired before and after Kirindiet therapy. Paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to est the effects of teatment. Results : Following a mean of 68 days of treatment, waist circumference (-15%), abdominal total fat (-40%), subcutaneous fat (-37.9%), visceral fat (-47.8%) and V/S ratio (-11.1%) were significantly reduced (p<0.05). The change in V/S ratio in female patients was not statistically significant (p=0.491) whereas the change in the V/S ratio in male patients was significant indicating a greater loss of visceral fat (p=0.017). Please check that my changes reflect what the study found Conclusions : The reduction in visceral fat was greater than for subcutaneous fat in male patients but not for female patients.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to compare the growth of Vitex rotundifolia as affected by the difference of soil depth and mixture ratio in a shallow-extensive green roof module system, and to identify the level of soil thickness and mixture ratio as suitable growing condition to achieve the desired plant growth in green roof. Different soil thickness levels were achieved under 7cm, 15cm and 25cm of shallow-extensive green roof module systems made by woody frame of $500{\times}500{\times}300mm$. Soil mixture ratio were eight types for perlite : peatmoss : leafmold = 7 : 1 : 2 (v/v/v, $P_7P_1L_2$), perlite : peatmoss : leafmold = 6 : 2 : 2 (v/v/v, $P_6P_2L_2$), perlite : peatmoss : leafmold = 5 : 3 : 2 (v/v/v, $P_5P_3L_2$), perlite : peatmoss : leafmold = 4 : 4 : 2 (v/v/v, $P_4P_4L_2$), only sand ($S_{10}$), sand : leafmold = 7 : 3 (v/v, $S_7L_3$), sand : leafmold = 5 : 5 (v/v, $S_5L_5$) and only leafmold ($L_{10}$). The growth response of Vitex rotundifolia had fine and sustain condition in $P_6P_2L_2$, $P_5P_3L_2$ and $P_4P_4L_2$., Especially, in case of $P_6P_2L_2$, growth response appeared to be good even in soil thickness 7cm, which showed low survival rates of Vitex rotundifolia in other soil mixtures. Tree height, root diameter, photosynthesis and chlorophyll contents tended to increase with increased soil thickness.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 1985

Events detected by the KIER microearthquake network operated in the Southern Part of Korea for 265 days in 1982~1984 were reviewed, and some of them were identified to be a dynamite explosion from several construction sites. The purpose of the present work is to determine the crustal structure of the Southern Korea using the time-destance data obtained from such explosion seismic records. The time·distance data can be well explained by a crustal model composed of four horizontal layers of which thickness, p and s-wave velocity ($V_p$ and $V_s$) are characterized as follows. 1st layer (surface) ; 0~2km, $V_p=5.5km/sec$, $V_s=3.3km/sec$ 2nd layer (upper crust) ; 2~15km, $V_p=6.0km/sec$, $V_s=3.5km/sec$ 3rd layer (lower crust) ; 15~29km, $V_p=6.6km/sec$, $V_s=3.7km/sec$ 4th layer (upper mantle) ; 29km~ , $V_p=7.7km/sec$, $V_s=4.3km/sec$ The relatively shallow crust·mantle boundary and low $P_n$ velocity compared with the mean values for stable intraplate region are noteworthy. Supposedely, it is responsible for the high heat flow in the South-eastern Korea or an anomalous subterranean mantle. The mean $V_p/V_s$ ratio calculated from the relation between p-wave arrival and s-p arrival times appears to be 1.735 which is nearly equivalent to the elastic medium of ${\lambda}={\mu}$. However, the ratio tends to be slightly larger with the depth. The ratio is rather high compared with that of the adjacent Japanese Island, and the fact suggests that the underlying crust and upper mantle in this region are more ductile and hence the earthquake occurrences are apt to be interrupted. As an alternative curstal model, a seismic velocity structure in which velocities are successively increased with the depth is also proposed by the inversion of the time·distance data. With the velocity profile, it is possible to calculate a travel time table which is appropriate to determine the earthquake parameters for the local events.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2008

The output voltage value of AC high voltage source has been usually obtained by multiplying low voltage value measured at both terminals of low voltage resistor by the dividing ratio of the high voltage capacitive divider. From the dividing ratio determined of each 200 kV capacitive divider, we have developed step-up method for measuring the output voltage up to 400 kV using two same type of 200 kV capacitive dividers connected in series. The theoretical dividing ratio of 400 kV capacitive dividers connected in series coincides with that of manufacturer's certification within measurement uncertainty. Thus, this developed step-up method makes it possible to extend the range of output voltage from 200 kV to 400 kV. Furthermore, The dividing ratio of divider under test obtained using this step-up method is consistent with that obtained using one 200 kV high voltage divider within corresponding uncertainties.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제75권1호
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• pp.38-45
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• 1986

본 연구는 Juniperus chinensis 의 7 varieties와 Pinus densiflora의 한 변종에 대한 karyotype analysis의 결과로 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 1) J. chinensis v. kaizuka, J. chinensis v. aureo-variegata와 J. chinensis v. procumbens 는 tetraploid 이다. 2) 각 수종의 염색체에 있어 긴 평균장과 긴 염색체를 많이 가지고 있는 수종은 J. chinensis와 J. chinensis v. aureo-globosa 이고 그 반대로 짧은 평균장과, 짧은 염색체를 가진 수종은 J. chinensis v. horizontalis 와 J. chinensis v. globosa 이다. 3) 각 염색체의 short arm에 대한 long arm의 평균비치가 큰 수종은 J. chinensis v. globosa 와 J. chinensis v. kaizuka 이고, 작은 수종은 J. chinensis v. aureo-globosa이다. 4) 염색체를 긴 순서로 배열할 때의 배열순서가 J. chinensis 의 배열상과 가장 근사한 수종은 J. chinensis v. sargentii, J. chinensis v. horizontalis, J. chinensis v. globosa 와 J. chinensis v. aureo-globosa이며, J. chinensis v. procumbens 는 배열상이 가장 다르다. 5) Pinus densiflora for. multicaulis는 염색체 평균장이 짧고, arm ratio 는 크다. 6) 염색체를 긴 순서로 배열할 시의 longarm 과 short arm의 배열순서가 6본의 염색체에서 같이 나타난다. 7) P. densiflora for. multicaulis는 secondary constriction이 많은 염색체에서 나타난다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2012

The effects of solvent type and concentration, solid/liquid ratio, extraction time and repeated extraction on recovery of keratinase from solid-state fermentation (SSF) of chicken feather by a local Streptomyces sp. NRC 13S were investigated in order to establish the experimental conditions for keratinase yield. Among solvents tested, 0.5% (v/v) glycerol was the best. Box-Behnken design was used to investigate the effect of relevant variables on keratinase recovery. The factors investigated were solid/liquid ratio (1:1.66-1:6.66 g/mL), glycerol concentration (0.5-5% v/v) and repeated extraction (1-5 cycle). The results showed that the maximum recovery of keratinase (6933.3 U/gfs) was obtained using 0.5 (v/v) glycerol as extracting solvent, in a solid/liquid ratio of 1:5 and three extraction cycles.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2020년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.183-184
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• 2020

This study evaluated the effect of foam volume ratio on shear friction behavior of bottom ash based lightweight aggregate concrete (LWA_BA). The LWA_BA with different foam volume ratio ranged between 8 and 25 MPa for compressive strength(f_ck), 17.3~62.5 kN for shear capacity at first shear crack(V_cr), 31.1~73.8 kN for shear friction capacity(V_n), and 0.01~0.03 mm for slip at maximum peak load(S₀). f_ck decreased with increase in the foam volume ratio, showing that this trend was also observed in V_cr, V_n, and S₀.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 1998년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.376-381
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• 1998

The large scaled field test by prefabricated vertical drains was performed to evaluate the superiority of vertical discharge capacity for drain materials through compare and analyze the time-settlement behavior with drain spacing and the compression index and consolidation coefficient obtained by laboratory experiments and field monitoring system 1. The relation of measurement settlement( $S_{m}$) versus design settlement( $S_{t}$) and measurement consolidation ratio( $U_{m}$) versus design consolidation ratio( $U_{t}$) were shown $S_{m}$=(1.0~l.1) $S_{t}$, $U_{m}$=(1.13~l.17) $U_{t}$, at 1.0m drain spacing and $S_{m}$=(0.7~0.8) $S_{t}$, $U_{m}$=(0.92~0.99) $U_{t}$ at 1.5m drain spacing, respectively. 2. The relation of field compression index( $C_{cfield}$) and virgin compression index( $V_{cclab}$) was shown $C_{cfield}$=(1.0~1.2) $V_{cclab}$, But it was nearly same value when considered the error with determination method of virgin compression index and prediction method of total settlement. 3. field consolidation coefficient was larger than laboratory consolidation coefficient, and the consolidation coefficient ratio( $C_{h}$/ $C_{v}$) were $C_{h}$=(2.4 ~ 3.0) $C_{v}$. $C_{h}$=(3.5 ~ 4.3) $C_{v}$ at 1.0m and 1.5m drain spacing and increased with increasing of drain spacingngasing of drain spacingng spacingng