• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.852-855
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• 2002

In order to investigate the fracture behaviors(penetration modes) and resistance to penetration during ballistic impact of surface hardening treated Aluminum, Titanium alloy laminates, ballistic tests were conducted. In this paper, Anodized Al 5083-H131 alloy laminates and nitrified Ti (Gr.2) alloy laminates were used to achieve higher surface hardness. Surface hardness test were conducted using a Micro victor's hardness tester and thickness of surface hardening treated specimens was measured by video microscope. Resistance to penetration is determined by the protection ballistic limit($V_50$), a statistical velocity with 50% probability far complete penetration. Fracture behaviors and ballistic tolerance, described by penetration modes, are respectfully observed at and above ballistic limit velocities, as a result of $V_50$ test and Projectile Through Plates (PTP) test methods. PTP tests were conducted with $0^{\circ}$ obliquity at room temperature using 5.56mm ball projectile. $V_50$ tests with $0^{\circ}$ obliquity at room temperature were conducted with projectiles that were able to achieve near or complete penetration during PTP tests.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.527-532
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• 2000

The armor composite material targets such as aramid FRMLs with different type and ply number of face material and different type of back-up material, were studied to determine ballistic impact resistance and dynamic failure behavior during ballistic impact. Ballistic impact resistance is determined by $\textrm{V}_{50}$ ballistic limit, a statical velocity with 50% probability for complete penetration, test method. Also dynamic failure behaviors are respectfully observed that result from $\textrm{V}_{50}$ tests. $\textrm{V}_{50}$ tests with $0^{\circ}$ obliquity at room temperature were conducted with projectiles that were able to achieve near or complete penetration during high velocity impact tests. As a result, ballistic impact resistance of anodized Al 5052-H34 alloy(2 ply) is better than that of anodized Al 5052-H34 alloy(1 ply), but Titanium alloy showed the similar ballistic impact resistance. In the face material, ballistic impact resistance of titanium alloy is better than that of anodized Al 5052-H34 alloy. In the back-up material, ballistic impact resistance of T750 type aramid fiber is better than that of CT709 type aramid fiber.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.45-50
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• 2003

In order to investigate the effect of surface treatment (Anodizing) and rolling on AI 5083-H131 alloy, under hyper velocity impact, a ballistic testing was conducted. Ballistic resistance of these materials was measured by a protection ballistic limit ($V_{50}$)' a statistical velocity with 50% probability of penetration. Perforation behavior and ballistic tolerance, described by penetration modes, were respectfully observed, by $V_{50}$ test and Projectile Through Plates (PTP) test at velocities greater than $V_{50}$. PTP tests were conducted with 0$^{\circ}$ obliquity at room temperature using 5.56mm ball projectiles. $V_{50}$ tests with 0$^{\circ}$ obliquity were also done with projectiles that were able to achieve near or complete penetration during PTP tests. Resistance to penetration, and penetration modes of Al 5052-H34 alloy were compared to those of Al 5083-H 131 alloy.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.267-272
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• 2003

In order to investigate the effect of face material on Ti/Al alloy laminates under high velocity impact, a ballistic testing was conducted. Ballistic resistance of these materials was measured by protection ballistic limit($V_{50}$), a statistical velocity with 50% probability penetration. Fracture behaviors and ballistic tolerance, described by penetration modes, were respectfully observed, by $V_{50}$ test and Projectile Through Plates (PTP) test at velocities greater than $V_{50}$. PTP tests were conducted with $0^{\circ}$obliquity at room temperature using 5.56mm ball projectile. $V_{50}$ tests with $0^{\circ}$obliquity were also done with projectiles that were able to achieve near or complete penetration during PTP tests. Resistance to penetration, and penetration modes which face material was Titanium alloy, were compared to those which face material was anodized Al alloy after cold-rolling.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.126-134
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• 2003

In order to investigate the effect of surface treatment in Aluminium alloy and Titanium alloy which are used to armor material during ballistic impact, a ballistic testing was conducted. Anodizing was used to achieve higher surface hardness of Aluminium alloy and Iron plating in PVD(Physical Vapor Deposition) method was used to achieve higher surface hardness of Titanium alloy. Surface hardness test were conducted using a Micro victor's hardness tester. Ballistic resistance of these materials was measured by protection ballistic limit(V-50), a statical velocity with 50% probability penetration. Fracture behaviors and ballistic tolerance, described by penetration modes, are respectfully observed from the results of V-50 test and Projectile Through Plates (PTP) test at velocities greater than V-50. PTP tests were conducted with 0$^{\circ}$obliquity at room temperature using 5.56mm ball projectile. V-50 tests were conducted with 0$^{\circ}$obliquity at room temperature with projectiles that were able to achieve near or complete penetration during PTP tests. Surface hardness, resistance to penetration. and penetration modes of surface treated alloy laminates are compared to those of surface non-treated alloy laminates. A high speed photography was used to analyze the dynamic perforation phenomena of the test materials.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.174-179
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• 2001

In order to investigate the fracture behaviors(perforation modes) and resistance to perforation during ballistic impact of aluminum alloy plate, ballistic tests were conducted. Depth of penetration experiments with 5.56mm-diameter ball projectile launched into 25mm-thickness Al 5052-H34 targets were conducted. A powder gun launched the 3.55g projectiles at striking velocities between 0.6 and 1.0 km/s. radiography of the damaged targets showed different penetration modes as striking velocities increased. Resistance to perforation is determined by the protection ballistic limit($V_{50}$), a statistical velocity with 50% probability for complete perforation. Fracture behaviors and ballistic tolerance, described by perforation modes, are respectfully observed at and above ballistic limit velocities, as a result of $V_{50}$ test and Projectile Through Plates (PTP) test methods. PTP tests were conducted with $0^{\circ}$ obliquity at room temperature using 5.56mm ball projectile. $V_{50}$ tests with $0^{\circ}$ obliquity at room temperature were conducted with projectiles that were able to achieve near or complete perforation during PTP tests. The effect of various impact velocity are studied with depth of penetration.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.567-572
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• 2001

In order to investigate the fracture behaviors(penetration modes) and resistance to penetration during ballistic impact of Titanium alloy laminates and nitrified Titanium alloy laminates which were treated by PVD(Physical Vapor Deposition) method, ballistic tests were conducted. Evaporation, sputtering, and ion plating are three kinds of PVD method. In this research, Ion plating was used to achieve higher surface hardness and surface hardness test were conducted using a Micro vicker's hardness tester. Resistance to penetration is determined by the protection ballistic limit($V_{50}$), a statistical velocity with 50% probability for complete penetration. Fracture behaviors and ballistic tolerance, described by penetration modes, are respectfully observed at and above ballistic limit velocities, as a result of $V_{50}$ test and Projectile Through Plates (PTP) test methods. PTP tests were conducted with $0^{\circ}$ obliquity at room temperature using 5.56mm ball projectile. $V_{50}$ test with $0^{\circ}$ obliquity at room temperature were conducted with projectiles that were able to achieve near or complete penetration during PTP tests. Surface hardness, resistance to penetration, and penetration modes of Titanium alloy laminates are compared to those of nitrified Titanium alloy laminates.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.178-186
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• 2003

In order to investigate the fracture behaviors (penetration modes) and the resistance to penetration during ballistic impact of Al 5052-H34 alloy laminates, cold-rolled Al 5052-H34 alloy laminates, anodized Al 5052-H34 alloy laminates, and anodized Al 5052-H34 alloy after cold-rolling, a ballistic testing was conducted. In general, superior armor materials are brittle materials which have a high hardness. Ballistic resistance of these materials was measured by a protection ballistic limit (V$_{50}$), a statistical velocity with 50% probability fur incompletete penetration. Fracture begaviors and ballistic tolerance, described by penetration modes, ate observed from the results from the results of V$_{50}$ test and Projectile Through Plates (PTP) test at velocities greater than V$_{50}$, respectively. PTP tests were conducted with 0$_{\circ}$obliquity at room temperature using 5.56mm ball projectile. V$_{50}$ tests with 0$_{\circ}$obliquity at room temperature were concucted with projectiles that could achieve neat or complete penetration during PTP tests. Surface hardness, resistance to penetration, and penetration modes of Al 5052-H34 alloy laminates are compared to those of cold-rolled Al 5052-H34 alloy laminates and anodized Al 5052-H34 alloy laminates and anodized Al 5052-H34 cold-rolled alloy.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.113-120
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• 2005

In order to investigate the characteristics of penatration and the effect of surface treatment in A15052-H34, Al5082-Hl31 and titanium alloy laminates which were treated by anodizing and PVD(Physical Vapor Desposition) method, ballistic tests were conducted. Thickness of surface membrane in A15052-H34, Al5082-Hl31, were $25{\mu}m$ and that of titanium $0.9{\mu}m$ respectively. Surface hardness test was conducted using micro Vicker's hardness tester. Resistance to penetration is determined by the protection ballistic limit(V50), a statistical velocity with $50\%$ probability for complete penetration. Fracture behaviors and ballistic tolerance, described by penetration modes, are observed from the results of V50 test and Projectile Through Plate(PTP) test at velocities greater than protection ballistic limit, respectively. Present experimental results derived from this research help to optimize laminate impact behavior by varing the laminate thickness and surface treated materials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.507-512
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• 2000

The ob.jective of this study is to determine fracture behaviors(penetrati0n modes) and resistance to penetration duringballistic impact of Al 5052-H34 alloy laminates and anodized Al 5052-H34 alloy laminates. Resistance to penetration is determined by $V_{50}$ ballistic limit, a statical velocity with 50% probability for complete penetration, test method. Fracture behaviors and ballistic tolerance, described by penetration modes, are respectfully observed that result from V50 test and Projectile Through Plates (PTP) test at velocities greater than $V_{50}$. PTP tests were conducted with 0" obliquity at room temperature using 5.56mm ball projectile. $V_{50}$ tests with 0" obliquity at room temperature were conducted with projectiles that were able to achieve near or complete penetration during PTP tests. Surface Hardness, resistance to penetration, and penetration modes of A1 5052-H34 alloy laminates compared to those of anodized Al 5052-H34 alloy laminates.y laminates.