• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.74-95
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• 2021

Background: A job-exposure matrix (JEM) is an important surrogate indicator to evaluate past exposure levels. Although a Korean asbestos JEM has been constructed previously, this JEM includes only a few industrial and occupational groups. This study aimed to reconstruct the JEM by integrating the latest organized data to improve its utility. Methods: We used recent Korean standard industry and occupation codes and extracted 36 articles from a systematic literature review to initiate the reconstruction of the previous Korean asbestos JEM. The resulting data consisted of 141 combinations of industrial and occupational groups. Data from the Netherlands's JEM were also reviewed and categorized into 70 industrial and 117 occupational groups by matching with the Korean data. We also utilized Germany's data, which consisted of 10 industrial and 14 occupational groups. Results: The reconstructed Korean asbestos JEM had 141 combinations of industries and occupations. The time periods are from the 1980s to the 2000s in 10-year intervals. Most of the data were distributed between the 1990s and the 2000s. Occupations with high exposure to asbestos included knitting and weaving machine operators, automobile mechanics or assemblers, ship mechanics or assemblers, mineral ore and stone products processing mechanics, and metal casting machine operators or mold makers. Conclusions: The reconstructed Korean asbestos JEM has expanded the type and duration of the occupational groups of the previous JEM and can serve as an important reference tool for evaluating asbestos exposure and designing compensation and prevention policies in Korea.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1242-1242
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• 2022

Annually, several construction workers fall ill, are injured, or die due to heat-related exposure. The prevalence of work-related heat illness may rise and become an issue for workers operating in temperate climates, given the increase in frequency and intensity of heatwaves in the US. An increase in temperature negatively impacts physical exertion levels and mental state, thereby increasing the potential of accidents on the job site. To reduce the impact of heat stress on workers, it is critical to develop and implement measures for monitoring physical exertion levels and mental state in hot conditions. For this, limited studies have evaluated the utility of wearable biosensors in measuring physical exertion and mental workload in hot conditions. In addition, most studies focus solely on male participants, with little to no reference to female workers who may be exposed to greater heat stress risk. Therefore, this study aims to develop a process for objective and continuous assessment of worker physical exertion and mental workload using wearable biosensors. Physiological data were collected from eight (four male and four female) participants performing a simulated drilling task at 92oF and about 50% humidity level. After removing signal artifacts from the data using multiple filtering processes, the data was compared to a perceived muscle exertion scale and mental workload scale. Results indicate that biosensors' features can effectively detect the change in worker physical and mental state in hot conditions. Therefore, wearable biosensors provide a feasible and effective opportunity to continuously assess worker physical exertion and mental workload.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1413-1432
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• 2023

Recommender systems aim to recommend items to users by taking into account their probable interests. This study focuses on creating a model that utilizes multiple sources of information about users and items by employing a multimodality approach. The study addresses the task of how to gather information from different sources (modalities) and transform them into a uniform format, resulting in a multi-modal feature description for users and items. This work also aims to transform and represent the features extracted from different modalities so that the information is in a compatible format for integration and contains important, useful information for the prediction model. To achieve this goal, we propose a novel multi-modal recommendation model, which involves extracting latent features of users and items from a utility matrix using matrix factorization techniques. Various transformation techniques are utilized to extract features from other sources of information such as user reviews, item descriptions, and item categories. We also proposed the use of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Feature Selection techniques to reduce the data dimension and extract important features as well as remove noisy features to increase the accuracy of the model. We conducted several different experimental models based on different subsets of modalities on the MovieLens and Amazon sub-category datasets. According to the experimental results, the proposed model significantly enhances the accuracy of recommendations when compared to SVD, which is acknowledged as one of the most effective models for recommender systems. Specifically, the proposed model reduces the RMSE by a range of 4.8% to 21.43% and increases the Precision by a range of 2.07% to 26.49% for the Amazon datasets. Similarly, for the MovieLens dataset, the proposed model reduces the RMSE by 45.61% and increases the Precision by 14.06%. Additionally, the experimental results on both datasets demonstrate that combining information from multiple modalities in the proposed model leads to superior outcomes compared to relying on a single type of information.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.41-54
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• 2024

Efforts to reduce on-site safety incidents have expanded, leading to active research in this domain. However, a systematic analysis to improve the utility of technology is lacking. In this study, we conducted a survey on the various institutional and technical improvement measures to promote the application of smart construction safety technology over three years after the implementation of the "Smart Safety Equipment Support Project." The results showed that financial constraint was the primary obstacle in the adoption of this innovation. Fostering a flexible environment in the utilization of management fees and financial support of projects was determined to aid in the extensive application of the technology. Ensuring cost efficiency and user-friendliness were principally necessary for technical enhancements in the smart construction safety technology. Technologies, such as VR/AR safety education, real-time location tracking, wearable devices, and innovation on streamlining safety-related work efficiency, had been anticipated to contribute to on-site safety. Operating a smart safety control center was expected to be beneficial in the systematic securing of data and reduction of safety blind spots. Effective methods had been suggested to overcome the barriers that hindered the development and application of smart construction safety technology. This study facilitates in the technological improvements in this field.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2024

Objective: The introduction of government support programs for small businesses in 1993 aimed to enhance awareness and capabilities in industrial health management among small business proprietors, marking a continuous expansion over the past three decades. Despite this growth, there has been a conspicuous absence of comprehensive evaluations regarding the efficacy of these initiatives. In response, this study endeavors to conduct a thorough policy evaluation. Method: Through a meticulous approach, we conducted an analysis of in-depth interviews with eight individuals possessing expertise in the administration of government support programs for small businesses. These interviews were sourced from personnel affiliated with government ministries and public agencies. Results: In the analysis, it was found that small-scale business government support programs operate primarily based on quantity rather than receiving support from business owners regarding their necessity or utility. Consequently, these programs have failed to yield substantial effects on altering the perception of business owners or improving the working environment within the businesses. Conclusion: This study assumes significance in its capacity to discern intricate procedural challenges in program implementation, which often elude quantitative scrutiny. Furthermore, it provides pivotal insights for enhancing government support programs.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

본 연구는 이 구성모델의 실용화를 위한 검토로 응력경로에 따라 어떤 특성이 있는가를 밝히기 위하여 백마강 모래를 이용하여 등방압축팽창시험과 응력경로를 달리한 일련의 배수삼축시험(CTC, Conventional triaxial compression test), TC(Triaxial compression test), RTC(Reduced triaxial compression test), OSP(Optional stress path))을 각각 수행하여 각각의 토질매개변수를 결정한다. 그리고 각각의 응력경로에 대한 시험으로부터 결정된 토질매개변수 11개를 이용하여 토질매개변수를 결정시 이용된 시험 결과를 역해석한다. 그리고 항복함수에 관련된 토질매개변수 h와 ${\alpha}$를 파괴기준에 관련된 토질매개변수 ${\eta}_1$의 상관식과 상수로 결정한 9개의 토질매개변수를 이용하여 응력경로가 다른 경우의 응력-변형률 거동에 대한 예측의 정도를 밝히기 위하여 CTC시험, TC시험, RTC시험, OSP시험 및 Fine Silica Sand시험의 결과를 각각 해석하여 단일항복면 구성모델의 실용성을 검토한다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.68-77
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• 2006

The heartwood of cengal (Neobalanocarpus heimii) is known to have a high degree of decay resistance by virtue of its high extractive content. After 30 years in ground contact an utility pole of this tropical hardwood was found to be degraded only in the surface layers by cavity-forming soft rot fungi. The present work was undertaken 1) to characterize the degradation of cengal heartwood from the aspect of ultrastructure and chemistry and 2) to investigate the correlation between soft rot decay and its extractive microdistribution in wood tissues. The chemical analysis of cengal heartwood revealed the presence of a high amount of extractives as well as lignin. The wood contained a relatively high amount of condensed lignin and the guaiacyl units. Microscopic observations revealed that vessels, fibers and parenchyma cells (both ray and axial parenchyma) all contained extractives in their lumina, but in variable amounts. The lumina of fibers and most axial parenchyma were completely or almost completely filled with the extractives. TEM micrographs showed that cell walls were also impregnated with extractives and that pit membranes connecting parenchyma cells were well coated and impregnated with extractives. However, fungal hyphae were present in the extractive masses localized in cell lumina, and indications were that the extractives did not completely inhibit fungal growth. The extent of cell wall degradation varied with tissue types. The fibers appeared to be more susceptible to decay than vessels and parenchyma. Middle lamella was the only cell wall region which remained intact in all cell types which were severely degraded. The microscopic observations suggested a close correlation between extractive microdistribution and the pattern and extent of cell wall degradation. In addition to the toxicity to fungi, the physical constraint of the extractive material present in cengal heartwood cells is likely to have a profound effect on the growth and path of invasion of colonizing fungi, thus conferring protection to wood by restricting fungal entry into cell walls. The presence of relatively high amount of condensed lignin is also likely to be a factor in the resistance of cengal heartwood to soft rot decay.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.89-102
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• 2014

우리나라에서 지역기반 원격근무센터의 설치와 운영은 시범적 초기단계로서, 재택근무에 대한 연구가 다소 이루어진 바 있지만, 지역기반에서 원격근무센터가 본격적으로 확대 보급되었을 때의 효과를 분석한 연구는 미비하다. 이에 본 연구에서 수도권 지역을 대상으로 원격근무센터의 설치를 통해 얻을 수 있는 출근 통행거리의 저감 효과를 네트워크를 기반으로 분석하고, 이를 통해 지역기반 원격근무센터의 $CO_2$ 저감효과를 정량적으로 산출하였다. 분석결과, 지역기반 원격근무센터로 인한 총 $CO_2$ 저감량은 1일 기준 911 톤(Ton)으로 나타났다. 이같은 분석 결과에 1년 근로일수(통계청)인 258일을 적용하면 연간 235,056톤(Ton)의 $CO_2$가 원격근무센터 설치에 의해 저감될 수 있다. 본 연구는 원격 근무센터 설치를 통해 얻을 수 있는 환경적 효용을 정량적으로 산출함으로써 향후 원격근무센터의 효과적 입지를 위한 가이드라인으로 활용이 가능하며, 행정구역별 비교를 통해 원격근무센터 확대 실시에 있어 우선순위 결정에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2017

행동경제학은(Behavior Economics)은 인간이 합리적인 의사결정을 한다고 가정하는 전통경제학을 부정하고, 경제학에 심리학 기반의 인지적 원리를 적용하여 개인의 의사결정이 어떻게 이루어지는지 설명하기 위해 발전해 왔다. 개인은 의사결정에 있어서 효용을 극대화하기 위한 정보와 시간이 부족하며, 정보를 처리하기 위한 인지적 능력에도 한계가 있다. 따라서 인간의 합리성이란 제한된 합리성일 수밖에 없다. 제한된 합리성으로 인해 인간은 최선의 선택을 하지 못하고 자신이 충분하다고 생각하는 만족할 만한 수준에서 사고를 멈추고 단순한 모형이나 대략적인 추측에 의존하여 의사결정을 하게 된다. 이 단순화되는 의사결정 과정에 작용하는 것이 바로 휴리스틱(Heuristic)이다. 휴리스틱은 기존 경험이나 특정 정보만을 이용하기 때문에 의사결정이나 행동에 편향(Bias)이 생기게 된다. 구비문학은 언어 대중의 어림짐작과 사고의 편향성에 기반을 두고 전승되어 온 특징이 있기에, 행동경제학의 휴리스틱과 편향의 개념을 구비문학에 접합해 논의할 여지는 충분하다. 이 글은 대중의 사고유형과 행동양식을 단문으로 표현한 속담, 민속적인 언어 놀이인 수수께끼를 휴리스틱에 기반한 편향의 관점에서 논의했다. 그 결과 속담은 인간 행동에서 드러나는 편향의 문제점을 지적하는 측면이 강했던 반면, 수수께끼는 편향을 적극적으로 이용하는 면이 더 우세한 것을 알 수 있었다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.260-265
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• 2001

Transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$ ($TGF-{\beta}1$) is a multipotent growth factor affecting development, homeostasis and tissue repair. Many kinds of malignant tissues were reported to overexpress transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$ ($TGF-{\beta}1$) gene. However, a little work has been done on the circulating $TGF-{\beta}1$ and the association of $TGF-{\beta}1$ with progression in patients with malignant tumors. In this study, we measured the plasma level of $TGF-{\beta}1$ in gastric cancer and prostate cancer patients and evaluated the utility of plasma $TGF-{\beta}1$ as a possible tumor marker. We used Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system in order to measure plasma $TGF-{\beta}1$ level in 134 gastric cancer patients, 50 prostate cancer patients and 290 normal controls. And the tumor marker, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), was compared with $TGF-{\beta}1$ in the aspects of sensitivity and specificity. The mean plasma $TGF-{\beta}1$ levels were $1.219{\pm}0.834$ (0.272-5.772) ng/mL in normal controls, $5.964{\pm}3.218$ (0.845-18.124) ng/mL in gastric cancer and $4.140{\pm}2.345$ (1.108-13.302) ng/mL in prostate cancer. In gastric cancer patients difference in plasma $TGF-{\beta}1$ level was not detected according to cancer stage. In comparison with other tumor marker (CEA, PSA) $TGF-{\beta}1$ is more potent in sensitivity. These results indicate that the plasma $TGF-{\beta}1$ level can be a potent tumor marker in gastric cancer and prostate cancer.