• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2015

We use mixed norm estimates for the spherical averaging operator to obtain some results concerning pinned distance sets.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.779-806
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• 2015

We construct a state model for the two-variable Kauman polynomial using planar trivalent graphs. We also use this model to obtain a polynomial invariant for a certain type of trivalent graphs embedded in $\mathbb{R}^3$.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.557-567
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• 2004

We prove the sufficient conditions for optimality in differential inclusion problem by using the value function. For this purpose, we assume at first that the value function is locally Lipschitz. Secondly, without this assumption, we use the viability theory.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.10-14
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• 1995

Over 300 equations and models were found in the leterature on friction and wear. No single equation on limited group of equations could be found for general on practical use. Recommandations are offered for improving the future yield of useful equatio

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.263-266
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• 2011

Drivers check always vehicle state for own safety and is necessary to understand about vehicle state. If driver know vehicle state, because driver request vehicle state at vehicle specialty company, driver pay a lot of money and waste a lot of time. Now, drivers have checked vehicle state by using variety features of smart phone due to progress of IT(Information Technology). but existing smartphone vehicle diagnostic system learned professional knowledge of vehicle and know vehicle state. drives not need vehicle diagnostic. to overcome these disadvantages, there use easily drivers by using smartphone and request system to know own all vehicle state. In this paper, there implement vehicle diagnostic system with smartphone based on android OS to use easily this system and know check information of vehicle supplies replacement cycles, vehicle internal problems, Eco driving by using OBD-II data to receive by OBD-II Protocol convert Bluetooth connector.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2016

Purposes: This study employed a posteriori registration and subtraction of radiographic images to quantify the apical root resorption in maxillary permanent central incisors after orthodontic treatment, and assessed whether the external apical root resorption (EARR) was related to a range of parameters involved in the treatment. Materials and Methods: A sample of 79 patients (mean age, $13.5{\pm}2.2years$) with no history of trauma or endodontic treatment of the maxillary permanent central incisors was selected. Periapical radiographs taken before and after orthodontic treatment were digitized and imported to the Regeemy software. Based on an analysis of the post-treatment radiographs, the length of the incisors was measured using Image J software. The mean EARR was described in pixels and relative root resorption (%). The patient's age and gender, tooth extraction, use of elastics, and treatment duration were evaluated to identify possible correlations with EARR. Results: The mean EARR observed was $15.44{\pm}12.1pixels$ (5.1% resorption). No differences in the mean EARR were observed according to patient characteristics (gender, age) or treatment parameters (use of elastics, treatment duration). The only parameter that influenced the mean EARR of a patient was the need for tooth extraction. Conclusion: A posteriori registration and subtraction of periapical radiographs was a suitable method to quantify EARR after orthodontic treatment, and the need for tooth extraction increased the extent of root resorption after orthodontic treatment.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.20.1-20.14
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• 2020

Objectives: To minimize the tooth sensitivity caused by in-office bleaching, many dentists use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and topical desensitizing gels containing potassium nitrate and sodium fluoride. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of these substances on inflammation and the expression of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in pulp nerve fibers. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two rats were divided into 6 groups as follows: GI, control; GII, only dental bleaching; GIII, only ibuprofen; GIV, ibuprofen administered 30 minutes before and after the bleaching treatment and every 12 hours until the analysis; GV, only topical application of a desensitizing agent; and GVI, topical application of a desensitizing agent before dental bleaching. Placebo gel was applied to the upper left jaw and the bleaching agent was applied to the upper right jaw in all groups. Subsequently, the groups were divided into 3 subgroups based on the time of analysis: 0, 24, and 48 hours after bleaching (n = 8). The rats were euthanized and the maxillae were processed and evaluated by histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Dunn test (p < 0.05). Results: In the bleaching groups, the inflammatory process and expression of neuropeptides decreased over time. The animals in which a desensitizing agent was applied showed better results within 24 hours. Conclusions: The use of a desensitizing agent had positive effects on inflammation and pain-related neuropeptide expression, minimizing the painful effects of dental bleaching treatment.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.471-478
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• 2007

In this paper, an optimal Wiener-Hopf decoupling controller formula is obtained which is expressed in terms of rational matrices, thereby readily allowing the use of state-space algorithms. To this end, the characterization formula for the class of all realizable decoupling controller is formulated in terms of rational functions. The class of all stabilizing and decoupling controllers is parametrized via the free diagonal matrices and the optimal decoupling controller is determined from these free matrices.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 2008

Features of procedures of dynamic synthesis are considered at use of various interpretations or models of processes in mechanical oscillatory systems. Methodological bases for research of the wave processes develop, allowing receiving some features of distribution of indignations. Authors offer scientifically-methodical bases for the decisions received analytical by.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.76.1-76
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• 2002

This paper addresses a method for nonlinear controller construction for a general nonlinear system with the separation of controller construction and manipulated values generation. The nonlinear system model is firstly expressed with the coefficients of state-depended representation. The nonlinear control is designed without any approximation based on the model with state-depended representation. At the stage of controller implementation for the nonlinear system, the manipulated values are calculated accurately by use of an algorithm of the numerical analysis. The numerical error for calculating the manipulated value can be reduced to zero by selecting the sampling interval being a small val...