• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.51-55
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• 1999

Cosmetic mask is one of the traditional cosmetic product and is used to keep skin healthy and beautiful through moisturizing effect, cleansing effect and acceleration effect on microcirculation. There are several types of cosmetic mask such as peel-off type, tissue-off type, wash-off type and cotton sheet type immersed in cosmetic water. It is important for cosmetic formulators to develop an adequate type of cosmetic mask that meets the needs of the target consumers because each type of cosmetic mask has benefits and problems in its usage and efficacy. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is widely used as an active ingredient of peel-off type cosmetic mask and the physical property of the PVA film changes with the usage of other ingredients. We studied the change of physical properties of the film containing PVA by formulating peel-off type cosmetic mask with the variation of humectants. Methylguceth-20 and glycereth-26 reduce the interaction between skin surface and PVA film without serious weakening of tensile strength and they can alleviate irritation. Glycerin, urea and betaine help PVA film soften and they also have excellent efficacy as humectants.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 1999년도 IFSCC . ASCS 학술대회 발표 논문
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• pp.51-55
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• 1999

Cosmetic mask is one of the traditional cosmetic product and is used to keep skin healthy and beautiful through moisturizing effect, cleansing effect and acceleration effect on microcirculation. There are several types of cosmetic mask such as peel-off type, tissue-off type, wash-off type and cotton sheet type immersed in cosmetic water. It is important for cosmetic formulators to develop an adequate type of cosmetic mask that meets the needs of the target consumers because each type of cosmetic mask has benefits and problems in its usage and efficacy. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is widely used as an active ingredient of peel-off type cosmetic mask and the physical property of the PVA film changes with the usage of other ingredients. We studied the change of physical properties of the film containing PVA by formulating peel-off type cosmetic mask with the variation of humectants. Methylguceth-20 and glycereth-26 reduce the interaction between skin surface and PVA film without serious weakening of tensile strength and they can alleviate irritation. Glycerin, urea and betaine help PVA film soften and they also have excellent efficacy as humectants.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2017

This study concerned the analysis on the efficiency of the conversion of water tank type supply system to direct water supply system to examine the feasibility of the conversion, as well as the calculation of optimal conversion range that enables the supply of safe, high-quality water at stable pressure in accordance with the standards of water supply facility. The results of this research showed that when converting water supply system from water tank type supply system to direct water supply system, more nodal points could be properly converted and more reduction of electricity usage was expected in case water pressure rather than residence time was fixed. This means that higher efficacy can be obtained by fixing water pressure when converting water supply system. However, since the number of the locations that received on-spot inspection was small and the electricity usage measured was not exclusively by water supply facility, it is difficult to judge that such reduction of electricity usage accurately represents reduced electricity usage by water supply facility alone. therefore, after having secured on-spot information about a larger number of locations in apartment complexes that have converted water supply system, and utilizing information about electricity usage exclusively by water supply facility, the proposed method of this research could be applied to accurately deducing expected reduction of electricity usage by water supply facilities of various other apartment complexes. It is also considered possible to deduce an effective operation method of water supply system by finding out an area that shows low pressure or low residual chlorine concentration in the optimal conversion range of water supply, followed by estimating the proper location of pumping station or the proper chlorine dosage at the power purification plant that supply water to the target area.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.629-637
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• 2001

The objective of this study was to identify the cultural characteristics affecting advertising contents of the consumer products. Hofstedes(1991) five cultural characteristics such as individualism-collectivism, power distance, masculinity-feminity, avoidance of uncertainty, confucian dynamism were used. Ten kinds of consumer products were included and data were collected from France, Japan, Korea, and U. S. during 1999∼2000. All ads were evaluated and compared their cultural characteristics in terms of country, product involvement and usage, and magazine type. ANOVA, Duncan test, and Pearson correlation-coefficient were applied to analyze data. The results were shown as follows: First, most ads tended to be individual, less power oriented, feministic, and showed high tendency of uncertainty avoidance as well as long term confucianism for all the countries. And some cultural characteristics were different among countries. Japan, France, U. S. and Korea in order showed higher individualism and lower power distance. Also Korea and Japan showed relatively short term confucian culture while U. S. and France did ling term perspectives in the ads. Second, product involvement and usage type had a significant impact on the characteristics of individualism-collectivism and feminity-masculinity. That is, product ads of lower involvement and personal use were likely to show individualistic messages and to have more feministic appeals. Third, magazine type had an impact on some cultural characteristics. Womens magazines would have more individualistic, less power oriented, and feministic appeals of ads. In conclusion, global ads should be localized and differentiated in terms of some cultural characteristics and differ depending on product characteristics.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of space usage patterns by types of elderly households(single or couple). For the study, 74 elders who were older than 65 were selected and their living behaviors at their home during a day (24 hours) were analyzed. Respondents were classified into 6 types based on a combination of their household type, income level and health status. The results showed that the elderly residents tended to live a well-regulated life, however, each type had unique time and space use pattern. For example, the more the elder residents were healthy, the more they used many rooms. Frail elderly residents spent most of the day in their bedroom. Also, if they had a spouse, each one tended to use a separate private room for his or her daily life whether they shared a bedroom or not.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.69-82
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• 2020

In the growth of IT industry, interest in wearable device has been globally rising along with the evolution of technology. A Smartwatch is expected to be at the center of wearable device industry in the future. However, there are some concerns that most of its actual sales are caused by gifts or bundling. Motivated by these issues, this study propounds the ideas that to enter the mainstream market, the empirical research is required for actual consumers who continue to use a smartwatch. The purpose of this study is to identify key factors affecting user satisfaction and antecedents affecting continuance intention to use from consumer perspectives. Further, assuming consumers' perceptions will be different according to how they acquired smartwatch, this study classified the group as direct buyers and acquired users. To achieve the purpose of the research, this study analyzes the usage of smartwatch by integrating the IS Success Model and IS Continuance and Habit Theory. We implemented the survey of 338 smartwatch users, and the research findings indicate that information quality and system quality have significant effects on satisfaction, and consequently satisfaction and habit positively affect the continuance intention to use. Additionally, it is found that there was a significant difference in the relationship between satisfaction and habit in the group divided by acquisition type. Based on these findings, this study provides theoretical and practical implications.

• 한국경영정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영정보학회 2007년도 International Conference
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• pp.885-890
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• 2007

This study is to investigate factors that affect usage change in mobile data service (MDS). In the first, an exploratory study based on 378 survey responses was conducted to learn about important decision factors of MDS usage. It revealed discrepancy between the influencing forces of usage increase and those of usage decrease. Based on the findings from the exploratory study and the two-factor theory, we postulated information quality as the motivator and system quality as the de-motivator (or hygiene) of MDS. Then, a confirmative study was undertaken on their respective role in encouraging and discouraging the usage of mobile data service. A research model was proposed and subsequent hypotheses were empirically tested with partial least square (PLS) based on 478 responses from the users of mobile data service. It was learned that information quality (as a motivator) was positively associated with usage increase in mobile data service, but system quality (as a de-motivator) was not. Also, system quality was negatively associated with usage decrease, but information quality was not. Lastly, their association strength was partially moderated by the type of motivation for using MDS.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2011

본 연구는 정보시스템이 조직에 수용된 후의 이용단계에서 사용자의 성격유형이 지속적인IS 사용의도에 중요한 영향요인들 중 하나임을 추론하였고, 개인의 성격유형판별지표인 MBTI에 근거한 IS 사용자 성격유형에 따라 IS의 지속적인 사용의도의 수준이 어떻게 다른지를 실증적으로 규명하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 도출된 연구모형과 가설을 검증하기 위해 330명의 IS 실무 사용자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고, 이에 의해 수집된 자료를 바탕으로 통계분석을 실시하였다. 실증분석 결과, 정보시스템 수용후 단계에 있어서 사용자의 지속적인 사용의도는 IS에 대한 자기효능감에 의해 영향을 받고, 자기효능감은 자기주도성에 의해 영향을 받으며, 자기주도성은 사용자 성격유형과 IS에 대한 기대일치수준에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 사용자 성격유형과 3가지 매개변수들(기대일치, 자기주도성, 자기효능감)은 사용자의 지속적인 IS 이용의도의 중요한 에측변인들임이 밝혀졌다. 본 연구결과는 정보시스템 수용 후의 단계에서 IS 성공요인을 규명하는데 대한 이론적 근거를 제공할 뿐 아니라, 조직내 정보시스템의 구축 운영과 관련한 인사관리 업무수행에 있어서 실무적 가이드라인을 제공하는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 본다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.259-263
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• 2020

Background: Dual-type calcium channel blockers (CCBs), such as efonidipine and cilnidipine, are renoprotective drugs that reportedly reduce proteinuria by dilating afferent and efferent arterioles of the glomerulus. However, studies comparing the effect of dual-type CCB on proteinuria have not been conducted. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effect of dual-type CCB (efonidipine and cilnidipine) usage patterns in hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: This single-center, retrospective study included 53 patients with CKD who 1) initiated efonidipine or cilnidipine treatment while on a renin-angiotensin system inhibitor and 2) had received efonidipine or cilnidipine for at least one year. We compared usage patterns between the efonidipine and cilnidipine groups during the one-year period and analyzed the following outcomes: urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio, blood pressure, and serum creatinine. Results: The study included 25 patients in the efonidipine group and 28 patients in the cilnidipine group. In both groups, blood pressure and urinary protein-to-creatinine ratios tended to decrease; however, the change during each interval was not significant. Conclusions: In patients with CKD who were on renin-angiotensin system inhibitor therapy, the addition of a dual-type CCB (i.e., efonidipine or cilnidipine) tended to reduce proteinuria; however, the change during each interval was not significant.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2007

In this paper, we identified factors that affect the usage of UCC, which is becoming increasingly popular in our society and throughout the globe. Four hypotheses were tested using a new integrative model of UCC usage, which is built up by incorporating the TAM and the PA(pleasure-arousal)model. We analyzed the data collected in our survey of 258 individual UCC users during the period from Oct 2006 to Dec 2006. We found that pleasure and arousal showed a strong significant effect on individual's UCC usage, supporting the findings of the exiting research on TAM. To be specific, arousal had an effect on the UCC usage through its effect on pleasure and self efficacy. Pleasure affected the UCC usage in two ways: First, pleasure affected UCC usage through increasing the ease of UCC service. At the same time, pleasure had a direct effect on the UCC usage. Contrary to what the prior research on technology acceptance suggested, we found ease of use and social influence had no significant effect on individual’s UCC usage. We suggest that this finding of no effect of ease of use and social influence has an important implication in understanding the UCC usage. That is, the UCC usage may be motivated by different factors than those which inspire other technology acceptance behavior. The UCC users may be engaging in a creative activity enjoying the sheer pleasure of creating UCC, self expression, and sharing what they want to tell. Intrinsic motivation rather than extrinsic motivation seems to click this new type of technology users.