• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.449-456
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• 2006

The purpose of urodynamic investigation is to obtain the information on the function of the urinary system. The aim of this study is to acquire the useful information of lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS) diagnosis through void force signal as noninvasive method. The system which could evaluate the function of compensatory hypertrophy with noninvasive and comfortable method was implemented to measure uroflow and void force during urination. The implemented system composes of the sensor parts, signal conditioning parts and PC monitoring program. For the evaluation of the implemented system, the simulation of control part of the system was performed and the model system for the lower urinary system was designed. The superiority of a measuring characteristic of the implemented system was verified using the model system. From the evaluation of the model system, we have found out that the void force was dependent on the occlusion degree and compensatory hypertrophy significantly.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2005

A sensor and measuring system were implemented to measure both uroflow and urophonography signal during urination for diagnose the lower urinary tract symptom. The implemented system was composed of the uroflow sensor using the load-cell, the urophonography measurement sensor so as stethoscope type, pre-processing part for sensors signal detection, amplifier and filter, system control parts and PC measurement program. A simulator of the lower urinary system that is experimental equipment implemented for evaluate the developed system. The two signals were measured using implemented system and analyzed these signal by means of time domain and frequency domain for extraction of the characteristic parameter which can most effectively reflected by the occlusion of the lower urinary system. Furthermore two signals were measured and analyzed with the subject of 5 healthy adult for clinical application possibility of the implemented system. As a result, the most influence bandwidth of effect according to occlusion of the lower urinary system is $253{\sim}282$ Hz of the urophonography signal.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 2006

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) affect self-assessed quality of life. The prevalence of LUTS is commonly high in the elderly. The purpose of urodynamic investigation is to obtain information on the function of the urinary system. One of the most frequently used measurement procedures in urodynamics is filling and voiding cystometry. But in this system transurethral catheter is used and it makes patients uncomfortable. The aim of this study is to implement the system that could evaluate noninvasively the function of urinary tract. A new system has been developed to analyze urine flow rate and vesical pressure during voiding. These signals were recorded simultaneously and transmitted to a PC. For system evaluation, a model for the lower urinary system of men was constructed. From the evaluation of the model, vesical pressure was correlated with the occlusion degree. In a pilot study with five male subjects, maximum of standard deviation was 1.26, error rate was 3.49 and coefficient of variation was 3.48.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.78-96
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• 1986

The sympathico-adrenergic system and the hypophyseal-adrenocortical system mediates the regulation of the internal milieu. And the kidneys regulate both water and electrolyte balance of the body fluid. The kidneys are the sites of production of renin which participate indirectly in maintaining renin. angiotensin-aldosterone system. These system de-serve special attention in the context of adjustment the effects on the body function. And so, maximal exercise and work load are associated with home-osthetic function. The nurses working in the hospital have been complained of fatigue and stress by frequent duty changes and overload. In order to define this, the possible changes of hormonal excretion during three-shift nursing practice were investigated. Urine samples were collected at pre-duty and post-duty, and were measured with chemical assay and radioimmunoassay in 30 nursing students, in nursing practice and 43 nursing students, in studying. The results obtained were as follows. 1. In nursing practice, urinary norepinephrine concentration showed a marked increase during day duty, urinary cortisol concentration showed a marked increase during evening duty, and urinary renin concentration was increased in night duty, 2. Corrected ratio of urinary sodium excreted by the urinary excretion of creatinin (UNa/UCr) and UCl/UCr showed a marked decrease during night duty. Nursing practice did not affect on the UK/UCr and urinary concentrating ability. From these results, it is suggested that further studies the define the effects on some physiological function of the three-shift nursing practice against circadian rhythm are needed for better working condition of nurses.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1437-1440
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the use of urinary catecholamines to monitor changes in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system and to determine the relationship of urinary cortisol and catecholamines in Japanese Shorthorn cows in response to social isolation. One cow was isolated from its group, which consisted of 14 cows (457 to 756 kg BW, 2 to 12 years old), for three days. The isolated cow was in contact with the other cows visually only at meal times. This isolation was repeated for 6 cows. Spontaneously voided urine samples were collected from the experimental animals once a day, before the treatment and on days 1, 2, and 3. Urinary cortisol and adrenaline levels were significantly increased compared with pre-isolation levels on the first day, and then declined to the basal levels during the next two days. Urinary noradrenaline levels changed in the same way as cortisol and adrenaline levels, but the difference was not significant. Urinary cortisol levels tended to be correlated with those of urinary adrenaline, but not noradrenaline. This study suggests that the urinary adrenaline levels can be a non-invasive indicator of stress and that the change of urinary adrenaline is similar to that of urinary cortisol.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.805-817
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• 2009

This study was to investigate central localization of neurons projecting to the urinary bladder and urinary bladder-related acupoints(Wijung, $BL_{40}$) and neurons of immunoreactive to hormones and hormone receptors regulating urinary bladder function by using peudorabies virus(PRV). In this experiment, Bartha's strain of pseudorabies virus was used in rats to trace central localization of urinary bladder-related neurons and urinary bladder-related acupoints($BL_{40}$) which can regulate urinary system. PRV was injected into the urinary bladder and acupoints($BL_{40}$) related urinary system. After six days survival of rats, mainly common labeled neurons projecting to the urinary bladder and urinary bladder-related acupoints were identified in spinal cord, medulla, pons and diencephalon by PRV immunohistochemical staining method. First-order PRV labeled neurons projecting to urinary bladder and urinary bladder-related acupoints were found in the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal cord. Commonly labeled preganglionic neurons were labeled in the lumbosacral spinal cord and thoracic spinal cord. They were found in the lateral horn area(sacral parasympathetic nucleus and intermediolateral nucleus), lamina V-X, intermediomedial nucleus and dorsal column area. The area of sensory neurons projecting to urinary bladder and Wijung($BL_{40}$) was L5-S2 spinal ganglia and T12-L1 spinal ganglia, respectively. In the brainstem, the neurons were labeled most evidently and consistently in the nucleus of tractus solitarius, area postrema, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve, reticular nucleus, raphe nuclei(obscurus, magnus and pallidus), C3 adrenalin cells, parapyramidal area(lateral paragigantocellular nucleus), locus coeruleus, subcoeruleus nucleus, A5 cell group, Barrington's nucleus and periaqueductal gray matter. In the diencephalon, PRV labeled neurons were marked mostly in the paraventricular nucleus and a few ones were in the lateral hypothalamic nucleus, posterior hypothalamic nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, arcuate nucleus, median eminence, perifornical nucleus, periventricular nucleus and suprachiasmatic nucleus. In cerebral cortex, PRV labeled neurons were marked mostly in the frontal cortex, 1,2 area, hind limb area, agranular insular cortex. Immunoreactive neurons to Corticotropin releasiing factor(CRF), Corticotropin releasiing factor-receptor(CRF-R), c-fos and serotonin were a part of labeled areas among the virus-labeled neurons of urinary bladder and Wijung($BL_{40}$). The commonly labeled areas were nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema, reticular nucleus, raphe nuclei(obscurus, magnus and pallidus), locus coeruleus, A5 cell group, Barrington,s nucleus, arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, frontal cortex 1, 2 area, hind limb, and perirhinal(agranular insular) cortex. These results suggest that overlapped CNS locations are related with autonomic nuclei which regulate the functions of urinary bladder-relate organs and it was revealed by tracing PRV labeled neurons projecting urinary bladder and urinary bladder-related acupoints. These commonly labeled areas often overlap with the neurons connected with hormones and hormone receptors related to urination.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.697-700
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• 2006

A sensor and measuring system were implemented to measure two signals that uroflow and urophonography during urination for diagnose the lower urinary tract symptom. The implemented system was composed of the uroflow sensor using the load-cell, the urophonography measurement sensor so as stethoscope type, pre-processing part for sensors signal detection, amplifier and filter, system control parts and PC measurement program. A simulator of the lower urinary system that is experimental equipment implemented for evaluate the implemented system. The two signals were measured using implemented system and analyzed these signal by means of time domain and frequency domain for extraction of the characteristic parameter the most influence of effect according to occlusion of the lower urinary system. Furthermore two signals were measured and analyzed with the subject of 5 healthy adult for clinical application possibility of the implemented system. As a result, the most influence bandwidth of effect according to occlusion of the lower urinary system is $253\sim282Hz$ of the urophonography signal.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 1996

Capsaicin(CAP) is a pungent ingredient of hot pepper that has been used as a spicy food additive, pre-servative, and medicine. In this study, the effect of CAP on L-ascorbic acid(AsA)level in various tissues as well as its urinary excretion. and drug-metabolizing enzyme activity in rats were investigated. Rats fed AsA-deficient diets for 17days were injected intraperitoneally with 1mg of CAP in 0.5ml of ethanol-Tween 80-saline(20 :10 : 70, v/v/v). Control rats received the equal volume of the same solution without CAP. Urine was collected for 3 day after the CAP injection, and after 5 days tissues were removed; their AsA contents were measured by high performance liquid chromatography combined with and electrochemical detector. In addition, hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorfin O-deethylase(EROD) activity as measured. Urinary AsA excretion changed significantly following CAP injection. One and two days after CAP injection, the urinary AsA increased 2-and 3-fold in the CAP injected group, compared to the control, but the contents of adrenal glands and brain were lower than those of the control Dehydroascorbic acid contents in adrenal glands of the CAP injected group were higher than that of the control These results suggested that a single large dose of CAP could temporarily cause the redistribution of AsA in tissues accompanying by its urinary excretion, by affecting probably a biological system including mixed function oxygenase system(MFOS)

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.152-159
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• 2014

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the excretion aspect of urinary t, t-MA and hippuric acid by measuring concentrations of urinary metabolites according to the use of gasoline vapor recovery system. Materials:In order to analyze urinary metabolites, samples from the 23 gas station workers ten gas stations in the Seoul and Gyeonggi Province area were collected once daily after work. In addition, a survey was conducted on work factors and lifestyle habits as factors affecting the concentration of urinary metabolites. Results: The average concentrations of t, t-MA and hippuric acid after work were $0.124{\pm}0.177mg/g$ creatinine and $0.557{\pm}0.251g/g$ creatinine among workers at gas stations where gasoline vapor recovery systems were installed. The average concentrations of t, t-MA and hippuric acid were $0.160{\pm}0.113mg/g$ creatinine and $0.682{\pm}0.619g/g$ creatinine among workes at gas stations where gasoline vapor recovery systems were not installed. Average concentrations were higher at gas stations where a gasoline vapor recovery system was not installed, but the differences were not statistically significant differences. Urinary t, t-MA and hippuric acid average concentrations of smokers and non-smokers were higher in the gas stations where gasoline a vapor recovery system was not installed. T, t-MA as a factor evaluation affecting the concentration of urinary metabolites was not statistically significant in all factors, while hippuric acid was statistically significant only for age(p=0.024). Conclusions: The average concentrations of urinary t, t-MA and hippuric acid were higher in gas stations where gasoline vapor recovery systems were not installed compared to gas stations where such a system was installed. There needs to be an assessment of biological monitoring according to refueling activity considering skin absorption of benzene and toluene and presence of gasoline vapor recovery system.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.385-390
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• 1996

General pharmacological properties of urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) following intravenous administration of 1,000,000 units/kg were examined in terms of effects on central nervous system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, gastrointestinal system in mice, rats and rabbits. Administration of UTI (1,000,000 units/kg, iv) had no effect on central nervous system; no influences on pentobarbital sleeping time, spontaneous activity, normal body temperature, chemoshock produced by pentylenetetrazole solution, writhing syndromes induced by 0.6% acetic acid solution, and motor coordination of mice. The administration of UTI (1,000,000) units/kg, iv) in rats had no effect on systolic blood pressure and pulse rate. UTI (500,000 units/kg, iv) given to anesthetized rabbits showed no effect on respiratory rate. However, it showed significant elevation of respiratory rate at the concentration of 1,000,000 units/kg. Gastric secretion of rat and intestinal motility of mice were not influenced by the dose of 1,000,000 units/kg. In terms of autonomic nervous system, the material did not show direct effect and inhibitory or augmentative action of histamine- or acetylcholine-induced contraction at the concentration of 2,000 units/ml in the isolated ileum of guinea pig.