• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.296-304
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• 2018

Epiduroscopy is defined as a percutaneous, minimally invasive endoscopic investigation of the epidural space. Periduroscopy is currently used mainly as a diagnostic tool to directly visualize epidural adhesions in patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS), and as a therapeutic action in patients with low back pain by accurately administering drugs, releasing inflammation, washing the epidural space, and mechanically releasing the scars displayed. Considering epiduroscopy a minimally invasive technique should not lead to underestimating its potential complications. The purpose of this review is to summarize and explain the mechanisms of the side effects strictly related to the technique itself, leaving aside complications considered typical for any kind of extradural procedure (e.g. adverse reactions due to the administration of drugs or bleeding) and not fitting the usual concept of epiduroscopy for which the data on its real usefulness are still lacking. The most frequent complications and side effects of epiduroscopy can be summarized as non-persistent post-procedural low back and/or leg discomfort/pain, transient neurological symptoms (headache, hearing impairment, paresthesia), dural puncture with or without post dural puncture headache (PDPH), post-procedural visual impairment with retinal hemorrhage, encephalopathy resulting in rhabdomyolysis due to a dural tear, intradural cyst, as well as neurogenic bladder and seizures. We also report for first time, to our knowledge, a case of symptomatic pneumocephalus after epiduroscopy, and try to explain the reason for this event and the precautions to avoid this complication.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2010

The conclusions after studying the rules and the principles of the six-drugs mixing forming the prescription of Yukmijihwanghuan(六味地黃丸) are as follows: 1. Yukmijihwanghuan cares for the three viscera; the liver, the spleen and the kidney and the three entrails; the urinary bladder, the gall bladder, and the stomach and it strengthens them as well. The drug can be used mainly for the cure of the Three Yang Channels of Foot and the Three Yin Channels of Foot. 2. The three drugs of Yukmijihwanghuan; Rehmanniae Radix, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Corni Fructus altogether has the tonifying effect and the other three; Alismatis Rhizoma, Moutan Cortex, Poria has the purging effect. The first three kinds of drugs tonifies and the last three kinds of drugs purges. While these two groups of drugs are pitted against each other, they also balance each other harmoniously increasing the curative effect(remedial[curative] value). 3. Yukmijihwanghuan cools off the lung which is under metal category, helps the spleen, an earth category to be strong. It also adds the Water Qi to the kidney so that it stabilizes the Fire Qi. 4. Yukmijihwanghuan helps the kidney strongly, helps the urine to be excreted well, cools down the Fire Qi and makes dry things wet. 5. Rehmanniae Radix, the principal drug of Yukmijihwanghuan and Corni Fructus, the minister drug of the medicine have a taste of thick and are materially heavy. The two drugs do the descending action that it tonifies Yin Qi and adds Essence of Life. The other ingredients of Yukmijihwanghuan; Moutan Cortex, Poria, Alismatis Rhizoma have effects on lowering the Fire Qi. If Fire Qi descends, then Water Qi ascends. Yukmijihwanghuan has an efficacy of lowering Fire Qi and increasing Water Qi.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.159-169
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• 2005

Objectives and methods: We investigated 17 books to study symptoms, pathology and acupuncture & moxibustion treatment of Hu-Ro(fatigue). Results and Conclusions: 1. The symptoms of Hu-Ro are the deafness, the amblyopia, the mass of sweat, the stiff joint, etc. There are also symptoms such as the fever of palm and legs, avoiding cold temperature in the afternoon, the fever during night time, the stomach fullness and diarrhea, the powerlessness of limbs, red colored urine. 3. The representing pathological mechanisms of Hu-Ro are Yang-deficiency(陽虛), Yin-deficiency(陰虛), Energy(Qi)-deficiency(氣虛), Blood(Hyul)-deficiency(血虛). The other pathological mechanisms are deficiency of Liver, Heart, Spleen, Lung, Kidney and the basic Energy. 4. The fundamental treatment of Hu-Ro is "warming on worned ones(勞者溫之), supplying on damaged ones(損者益之), strengthening the weakened ones(虛卽補之)" as basis and also supplying blood with fostering spleen(養血建脾) and droping fever with clearing the clogged(降火淸鬱). 5. The meridians that could be used in acupuncture and moxibustion treatment application of Hu-Ro are the urinary bladder meridian, the conception vessel meridian(任脈), governor channel meridian(督脈), kidney meridian(腎經), liver meridian, heart meridian, spleen meridian, lung meridian, stomach meridian, small intestine meridian, gall bladder meridian, pericardium meridian and triple-warmer meridian in order of frequently refered. 6. The meridian points that could be used in acupuncture and moxibustion treatment application of Hu-Ro are Joksamni (足三里:25times), Sinsu(腎兪:20回), Bisu(脾兪:19回), Pyesu(肺兪:18回), Qihye(氣海:17回), Gohwang(膏肓:15回), Kwanwon(關元:14回), Sameumgyo(三陰交:13回), Eumgeuk(陰郄:12回), Daechu(大樞:12回), Sinmun(神門:11回), Simsu(心兪:11回), Nyegwan(內關:10回), Jungwan(中脘:10回) in order of frequently refered.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.161-178
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify nursing interventions performed by neonatal nursing unit nurses. For data collection this study used the taxonomy of Nursing Intervention Classification(NIC : 486 nursing intervention) which was modified by McCloskey & Bulecheck(2000). The new 58 nursing interventions was translated into Korean, and then modified by pannel group, which consist of clinical experts and nursing scholars and finally the 419 nursing interventions was selected. The data were collected from 112 nurses. 168 nursing interventions were performed at least monthly by 50％ or more of the nurses. The high frequency of performed nursing interventions were Family domain. 37 nursing interventions were performed at least once a day. The nursing interventions receiving the highest item mean score were neonatal care, neonatal monitoring, photo-therapy; neonate, bottle feeding and temperature regulation. 56 nursing interventions were rarely performed by 90％ or more of the nurses. Most of them were in the behavioral domain. The rarely used interventions were urinary bladder training, art therapy, religious addiction prevention, religious ritual enhancement and bladder irrigation. Therefore, neonatal nursing units nurses used interventions in the Physiological: basic domain most often on a daily basis and the interventions in the behavioral domain least often. These findings will help in building of a standardized language for the neonatal nursing units and enhance the quality of nursing care. Further study will be needed to classify each intervention class and nursing activity and validate NIC in pediatric care unit.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.225-241
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• 2004

Objectives & Methods: We investigated 45 books to study etiology, pathology and acupuncture & Moxibustion treatment of diarrhea. Result and Conclusion 1. The pathogenic factors of diarrhea are external sensation(外邪感受), jungjishiljo(情志失調), weakness of the spleen and stomach(脾胃虛弱), improper diet(飮食不節), sinyanghueson(腎陽虧損), sueumyujang(水飮留腸), liver Gi invades the sp1een(肝氣乘脾), uhhyuljeche(瘀血阻滯). 2. The etiological cause of diarrhea are closely related to the malfunction of the spleen & stomach(脾胃) and the related jang and bu(臟腑)'s pathological alternation such as spleen & stomach(脾胃), large intestine(大腸), small intestine(小腸), liver(肝), sp1een(脾), and kidney(腎). 3. Acupuncture and moxibustion treatment application of diarrhea with the meridian system are in the following order from the most often mentioned meridian system to the least, urinary bladder meridian(膀胱經), spleen meridian(脾經), stomach meridian(胃經), conception channel meridian(任脈經), liver mehdian(肝經), governor channel meridian(督脈經), large intestine meridian(大腸經), lung meridian(肺經), triple-warmer meridian(三焦經), gall bladder meridian(膽經), Pericardium meridian(心包經). 4. Acupuncture and moxibustion treatment application of diarrhea with meridian point are in the following order from the most often mentioned meridian point to the least, Cheonchu(天樞) sixteen times, Sin-gwol(神厥) fifteen times, Joksamni(足三理), Gwanwon(關元) each twelve times, Daejangsu(大腸兪) eleven times, Taechung(太衝), Bisu(脾兪), Sojangsu(小腸兪) each ten times,Sinsu(腎兪) nine times, CC12(中脘) eight times, Samchosu(三焦兪), gokcheon(曲泉), Harweom(下廉) each seven times, Samgan(三間), Sameungyo(三陰交), Yisa(意舍), Jungnyo, Gyeungmun(京門) each six times, Gyeonggol(京骨), Jangmun(章門) each five times, Sangnyeom(上廉), Hapgok(合谷), Yangmun(梁門), Sanggu(商丘), Yanggang(陽綱), Hoeyang(會陽), Gihyeol(氣穴), Taegye(太谿), Gihae(氣海) each four times.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.497-501
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• 2008

3D facial scanner for an accurate analysis is measured precisely a distance in straight, a distance in curved line, an angle in 3D data, the area of surface. We can easy acquire 3D data by the method of 0.8sec in each scan with easy handling, simple merge to whole face, harmless and fast process. In the HyungSang medicine, the inspection of the facial shape includes the Dam(gall bladder) - Bang Kwang(urinary bladder) body, the Jung${\cdot}$Gi${\cdot}$Shin${\cdot}$Hyul, the six merdian types etc. And we will collect the evidence based date verifing in the HyungSang clinical medicine. As we will analyze the facial whole form and the size${\cdot}$length${\cdot}$angle of the facial part, put the facial form's standardization on a solid foundation.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2002

As mentioned above, I have acquired some valuable results about medical treatment with acupuncture and Moxibustion of "Flank pain" after studying oriental medical books. The results were like below : 1. Medical treatment with acupunctures of Flank pain belonged to the Urinary Bladder Meridian of Foot Taiyang, the Liver Meridian of Foot Jueyin, the Gall Bladder Meridian of Foot Shaoyang. 2. Medical treatment with acupunctures of Flank pain used to Yang-laung-chan(陽陵泉), Gi-gu(地溝), Gi-mun(期門), Kan-su(肝兪) in turn. 3. Medical treatment with Ear acupunctures of Flank pain used to Dam(膽), Sin-mun(神門), Gan(肝)in turn. 4. Acupuncture point of Flank pain were lower limb part, chest and abdominal part. back part in turn. 5. Medical treatment with Moxibustion of Flank pain was the most Jang-mun(章門)

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2001

1. Purpose Through analysing simple herbs of "DongEuiBoGam JangBu", we compare JangBu of traditional oriental medicine with JangBu of Sasang Constitutional Medicine. So we can comprehend the JangBu's difference of traditional-oriental with sasang-constitional medicine. 2. Method We divide herbs into 4 sectors of sasang constitution by "DongMuYooGo", "DongEuiSuSeBoWon SinJunBang" and define constitutional herbs for each type of sasang constitution. On that base, we analyze herbs in "DongEuiBoGam JangBu" into sasang constitution, and compare with JangBu of sasang-constitution 3. Result (1) The simple herb of sasang-constition is over 50% at that of "DongEuiBoGam JangBu" (2) Only small intestine is consist of one-constitional herb, others is 2~4-constitional herb (3) At the simple herbs of "DongEuiBoGam JangBu", Soeumin's herbs many used at Spleen, Stomach, Urinary bladder, SamCho, Taeumin's herbs many used at Lung. At the Soeumin and Taemin, the Sasang JangBu of filling up BoMyungGiJu(保命之主) is connected with traditional JangBu. Soyangin's herbs many used at Heart, Gall bladder, Small intestine and there is no JangBu which Taeyangin's herbs many used. At the Soyangin and Taeyangin, the Sasang JangBu of filling up BoMyungGiJu(保命之主) is not connected with traditional JangBu.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.227-236
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• 2002

목적 : 산전 초음파로 발견할 수 있는 요로계 기형은 매우 종류가 많고 광범위하며 예후 또한 무증상인 것에서부터 치명적인 경우까지 다양하게 보일 수 있다. 저자들은 산전 초음파로 발견되는 선천성 요로 기형의 빈도와 분포에 대해 전반적으로 알아보고자 이 조사를 실시하였다. 방법 : 1989년 6월부터 2002년 5월까지 13년간 본윈 및 타원 산부인과에서 발견되어 본원 소아과에서 선천성 요로계 기형으로 확진된 환자 558례를 대상으로 기형의 종류와 빈도를 환자들의 임상 기록을 토대로 조사하였다 결과 : 전체 대상 환자 558명중 남자가 360명, 여자 198명이었다. 요로계 기형 중 선천성 수신증이 292례에서 관찰되었다. 낭성이형성신 65례, 수뇨관신증 32례, 신장 중복 31례, 신무발육증 25례, 단순 낭종 21례, 다낭성 신 20례, 요도 게실 13례, 신형성부전 11례, 마제신 10례, 방광 요관 역류 9례, 후부요도 판막 8례, 방광 게실 7례, 거대 요관 6례, 이소성 신장 5례, 신수질낭포 1례가 발견되었다. 두 가지 이상의 요로계 기형을 가진 경우가 82례 있었다. 수신증의 경우 방광 요관 역류가 4례, 방광-질 누공이 1례, 신경인성 방광이 1례에서 동반되었다. 낭성이형성신은 방광 요관 역류가 7례, 수신증이 2례, 신발육부전증, 신장 중복, 요도 게실, 후부 요도 판막이 1례씩 동반되었다. 신장 중복은 요도 게실이 11례, 수신증과 방광 요관 역류가 각각 5례씩 동반되었다. 수뇨관신증에서는 방광 요관 역류가 1례에서 동반되었다. 신무발육증에서는 방광 요관 역류가 5례, 중복 요관이 1례, 요도 게실이 1례에서 동반되어 있었고, 단순 낭종의 경우 수신증 1례, 방광 요관 역류가 1례에서 동반되었다. 요도 게실의 경우는 수신증 3례, 수뇨관신증 5례, 방광 요관 역류 1례가 동반되었다. 결론 : 산전 초음파로 발견할 수 있는 선천성 요로계 기형에는 많은 종류가 있으며 임상 경과 및 예후도 다양하다. 각각의 기형에 대한 정확한 분포를 조사하려면 산전 진단과 산후 진단과의 비교 및 전체 인구에서의 발생 빈도를 함께 조사해야 하겠다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2001

Colostrum deprived, newborn pigs (N=12, $1.64{\pm}0.05kg$) were used to study the renal threshold of carnitine, and effects of emulsified medium-chain triglyceride (MCT, tri-8:0) feeding on kinetics of plasma carnitine and urinary carnitine excretion. An arterial catheter was inserted through an umbilical artery, and a bladder catheter was inserted via the urachus. Piglets were oro-gastrically gavaged with one of six carnitine levels (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, $480{\mu}mol/kg\;W^{0.75}$) with (+MCT) or without medium-chain triglycerides (-MCT) in 0.9% NaCl solution. Blood was sampled into heparinized tubes at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 14, and 20 h after gavage, and urine was collected and pooled into 1 h or 2 h composite samples to determine free- and short-chain carnitine concentrations. Plasma from the 12 newborn piglets before gavage contained $10.6{\pm}1.2{\mu}mol/L$ free carnitine and $7.2{\pm}0.6{\mu}mol/L$ acid-soluble acyl carnitine. The renal threshold for carnitine was similar between the MCT and the +MCT group (42.6 13.1 and $46.4{\pm}2.0{\mu}mol/L$, respectively), but the correlation between plasma free carnitine and urinary excretion was altered. Plasma free carnitine linearly increased with increasing carnitine dosage (-MCT group, $R^2=0.95$, p<0.001; +MCT group, $R^2=0.91$, p<0.001), but was decreased by 50% when medium-chain triglycerides were fed. The peak in plasma free carnitine concentration was depressed by medium-chain triglycerides feeding also. Therefore, the plasma and urinary short-chain/free carnitine ratio of the +MCT group was increased by 100% and 40%, respectively (p<0.01). Feeding of medium-chain triglycerides may delay plasma carnitine elevation via altering the kinetics of absorption. Similarly, the plasma and urinary short-chain/free carnitine ratio were affected by interaction between medium-chain triglycerides and time (p<0.01). The present study suggests that an oral carnitine dose over $480{\mu}mol/kg\;W^{0.75}$ may be needed to reach the free carnitine renal threshold within a short period, especially when provided together with medium-chain triglyceride.