• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6375-6378
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• 2013

Background: The glutathione S transferase (GST) family of enzymes plays a vital role in the phase II biotransformation of environmental carcinogens, pollutants, drugs and other xenobiotics. GSTs are polymorphic and polymorphisms in GST genes have been associated with cancer susceptibility and prognosis. GSTP1 is associated with risk of various cancers including bladder cancer. A case control study was conducted to determine the genotype distribution of GSTP1 A>G SNP, to elucidate the possible role of this SNP as a risk factor in urinary bladder cancer (UBC) development and to examine its correlation with clinico-pathologic variables inUBC cases. Materials and Methods: Using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) approach, we tested the genotype distribution of 180 bladder cancer patients in comparison with 210 cancer-free controls from the same geographical region with matched frequency in age and gender. Results: We did not observe significant genotype differences between the control and bladder cancer patients overall with an odds ratio (OR)=1.23 (p>0.05). The rare allele (AG+GG) was found to be present more in cases (28.3%) than in controls (24%), though the association was not significant (p<0.05). However, a significant risk of more than 2-fold was found for the variant allele (AG+GG) with smokers in cases as compared to controls (p>0.05). Conclusions: Thus, it is evident from our study that GSTP1 SNP is not implicated overall in bladder cancer, but that the rare, valine-related allele is connected with higher susceptibility to bladder cancer in smokers and also males.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1539-1543
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• 2015

Background: Uroplakins have been widely investigated as potential markers in patients with bladder cancer because these proteins are specific to the urothelium. However, the role of uroplakin proteins in bladder cancer remains unknown. In this study, preoperative serum levels of uroplakin III were measured in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder and examined for possible association with clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: This study included 52 bladder cancer patients at various stages and 28 healthy controls. Uroplakin III levels were detected in preoperative sera using an automated dot blot system and a micro-dot blot array. Results: There was a significant increase in serum uroplakin III levels in patients with bladder cancer as compared to healthy controls (p<0.05). In addition, serum uroplakin III levels were associated with muscle-invasive status, high grade and lymphovascular invasion (p<0.02). Log-rank tests indicated high serum uroplakin III to be significantly associated with cancer-specific mortality. Conclusions: Determination of serum uroplakin III level could be valuable for identifying patients with biologically aggressive bladder cancer.

• International Neurourology Journal
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.287-294
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• 2018

Purpose: Augmentation cystoplasty (AC) is a surgical procedure used in adults and children with refractory bladder dysfunction, including a small bladder capacity and inadequate bladder compliance, and in whom conservative and medical treatment has failed. This study was aimed to determine the long-term outcomes of AC in children. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 42 patients (31 males; mean age, $14.2{\pm}6.2years$) who underwent AC for neurogenic and nonneurogenic bladder dysfunction, with a median $12.0{\pm}1.5years$ of follow-up. All patients underwent AC using the ileum with or without continent reconstruction. Pre-AC, concurrent, and post-AC procedures and complications were analyzed. Patients who underwent ureterocystoplasty, were lost to follow-up, or had less than 10 years of follow-up were excluded. The primary outcomes were the complication and continence rates, the post-AC linear rate of height and weight gain, and renal function. The Student t-test was used to evaluate between-group differences and the paired t-test was used to evaluate longitudinal changes in measured variables. Results: Renal function was stable or improved in 32 of 42 patients (76.2%), with a post-AC continence rate of 88.1%. Thirty patients (71.4%) required 72 procedures post-AC. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean percentile of height (P=0. 212) or weight (P=0.142) of patients in the pre- and post-AC periods. No cases of bladder perforation or malignancy were detected. Conclusions: We consider AC to be a safe and effective procedure that does not negatively affect future physical growth, while achieving a good rate of stable renal function. Patients need long-term follow-up to address long-term complications.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.341-344
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• 2015

A 4-day-old, male Poodle dog was presented with dull, depressed and exhausted activity after the birth. On physical examination, the puppy showed arthrogryposis, muscular atrophy and no movement of hindlimbs. Palpation on dorsum revealed an absence of lumbar and sacral vertebrae. On prenatal and postnatal radiography, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and coccygeal vertebrae were not visualized. On ultrasonography, bilateral kidney and urinary bladder were observed. On computed tomography, there were no apparent abnormalities in the forelimbs, cervical vertebrae or head, while lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and coccygeal vertebrae were not observed. At necropsy examination, the liver, stomach, intestine, kidney and urinary bladder were normal. This congenital anomaly was consistent with Perosomus elumbis. Perosomus elumbis in dogs is a rare condition of unknown etiology. In this report, Perosomus elumbis was evaluated with radiography, ultrasound and computed tomography.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.75-84
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• 1995

Gorgoderidae에 속하는 흡충류는 어류, 양서류 및 파충류 등의 방광에 기생하며 우리 나라의 양서류에서는 Gonodera japonica 1종만이 기록되어 있다가 유와 이(1983)에 의해 Corgoderina bombinae 1종이 신종으로 보고된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 1989년부터 1994년에 걸쳐 전국 각지에서 채집한 양서류를 대상으로 그들의 방광에 기생하는 윤충류를 조사한 결과 Gorgoder japonica 및 Conoderinc bombinae 2종을 동정하였으며. 분류된 2종에 대한 형태학적인 특징을 기술하고 이들의 분류학적 위치에 대해 상세히 논하였다 G. japonica가 G. cygnoides와 명확히 구별되는 점은 난황선이 깊은 열개에 의해 뚜렷한 여러 개의 엽을 형성하는 점이었다. G. bombinoe는 기존의 종들과 비교한 결과 뚜렷한 종으로서 확인되었으며, 이 종에 대한 국명을 "무당개구리방광흡충"으로 제안한다.

• 한국수의병리학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.107-118
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• 1997

The anticarcinogenic effects of allyl methyl trisulfide(AMT) and methyl propyl disulfide(MPD) were studied in a 28 weeks rat multi-organ carcinogenesis model. Tumor incidence rate was decreased by AMT or MPD treatment comparing with the positive control. AMT treatment significantly decreased the incidence of neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions in the kidney thyroid gland urinary bladder alimentary tract lung and Zymbal's gland. MPD also inhibited incidence of noplastic and preneoplastic lesions in the liver kidney urinary bladder alimentary tract lung and Zymbal's gland but increased that in the thyroid gland. GST-p positive foci in the liver were slightly decreased by AMT or MPD. There was no significant histopathological lesions in AMT or MPD treated group without pretreatment of carcinogens.

• 한국수의병리학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.95-97
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• 1999

A case of renal candidiasis is reported in a 4-year-old male Masked Palm civet (Paguma larvata) On necropsy, the kidneys were bilaterally swollen, pale and had numerous 1 to 3 mm diameter white foci throughout the parenchyma on cut section. The urinary bladder was filled with opaque and milky exudate. Histologically, severe infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages and necrosis were noted in the interstitial areas of both cortex and medulla and in the lumens of renal tubules and collecting duct often resulting in cystic dilation of the tubules. PAS-positive fungal yeasts or pseudohyphae were often associated with the lesion. Candida albicans was isolated from the kidney and urinary bladder.

• International Neurourology Journal
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.228-236
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• 2018

Neuromodulation was introduced for patients with poor outcomes from the existing traditional treatment approaches. It is well-established as an alternative, novel treatment option for voiding dysfunction. The current system of neuromodulation uses an open-loop system that only delivers continuous stimulation without considering the patient's state changes. Though the conventional open-loop system has shown positive clinical results, it can cause problems such as decreased efficacy over time due to neural habituation, higher risk of tissue damage, and lower battery life. Therefore, there is a need for a closed-loop system to overcome the disadvantages of existing systems. The closed-loop neuromodulation includes a system to monitor and stimulate micturition reflex pathways from the lower urinary tract, as well as the central nervous system. In this paper, we reviewed the current technological status to measure biomarker for closed-loop neuromodulation systems for voiding dysfunction.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2022

Busulfan is the most commonly used drug for preconditioning during the transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells and male germ cells. Here, we describe side effects of high doses of busulfan in male mongrel dogs. Busulfan was intravenously administered to three groups of dogs at doses of 10, 15, and 17.5 mg/kg body weight. The total white blood cell, neutrophil, eosinophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and platelet counts steadily reduced in a dose-dependent manner following busulfan treatment. The white blood cell, neutrophil, and monocyte counts recovered after 6 weeks of busulfan treatment, however, the eosinophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts remained unaltered. Additionally, there was one fatality in the each of the groups that were administered 15 and 17.5 mg/kg busulfan. The gross lesions included severe hemorrhage in the stomach, intestinal tracts, mesentery and urinary bladder. Microscopic investigation revealed severe pulmonary edema and hemorrhage in the lungs, and severe multifocal to coalescing transmural hemorrhage in the intestines and urinary bladder. These results indicated that treatment with busulfan at doses higher than 15 mg/kg initiates severe bleeding in the internal organs and can have fatal results.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.411-415
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• 2005

목 적 : 방광의 발달과정은 척수배뇨반사에서 척수연수척수반사로의 전환을 특징으로 한다고 알려져 왔다. 향신경인자가 이러한 방광의 발달과정에 관여한다는 동물연구에도 불구하고 인간의 방광 발달과정에도 향신경인자가 역할을 하는지에 관한 연구는 없는 실정이다. 본 연구는 인간의 방광 발달과정에 향신경인자가 관여할 것이라는 가정 하에 방광 발달과정에서 소변의 nerve growth factor(NGF) 변화를 관찰하였다. 방 법 : 배뇨생식기의 선천적 이상을 동반하지 않고 배뇨이상, 요로감염의 증거가 없는 지원자 60명을 대상으로 하였다. 지원자는 출생 후 한달 미만의 신생아, 1년 미만의 유아, 1세, 2세, 3세, 4세의 소아로 분류하였고 각각 10명씩 소변을 채취하였다. 소변의 NGF의 정량은 ELISA 방법을 이용하였고 소아의 연령, 요자제 유무에 따른 NGF의 변화를 NGF/Cr, NGF/total protein 값으로 비교하였다. 결 과 : 연령별로 NGF/Cr은 신생아에서 증가하였다가 유아에 감소하고 1세, 2세에 증가하였다가 3세 때부터 감소하였다. 신생아에서 다른 군과 비교하였을 때 의미있는 증가가 관찰이 되었고(P<0.05) 다른 군에서는 의미있는 차이를 보이지는 않았다. NGF/total protein도 NGF/Cr과 비슷한 양상으로 관찰이 되었다. 자발적 배뇨조절이 가능한 소아는 1세에 2명, 2세에 8명, 3세와 4세에는 10명씩이었다. 1세 이상에서 요자제 유무에 따른 NGF/Cr을 비교하였을 때 요자제가 있는 소아에서 의미있게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 결 론 : 단절배뇨와 높은 방광압력을 특징으로 하는 요자제 이전에 NGF가 증가하였다가 요자제 이후에는 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 배뇨근-괄약근 협동장애로 인해 증가된 방광조직의 NGF가 역행성 축삭수송을 통해 중추신경계에서 척수반사를 척수연수척수반사로 성숙시키고 이것이 다시 배뇨근-괄약근 성숙을 통해 요자제를 형성하였다고 추정할 수 있다. 이는 인간의 방광 발달과정에도 향신경인자가 방광신경 성장과 배뇨반사의 재구성에 관여함을 시사한다고 생각한다.