• KOMUNHWA
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• no.68
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• pp.59-75
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• 2006

At the beginning of the 21st century with taking a serious view of the harmony between human and nature, and of keeping an ecological balance, China has tried to reduce the gap in economy between rural districts and the urban city, and to carry out the policies for establishing a harmonious socialism through full-scale cooperation and continuous developments. And in order to preserve their traditional culture and to keep the historical legitimacy of People's Republic of China against urgent economical changes since the reform and openness, China has stressed the importance of training patriotic attitude on their cultural heritages. Thus the Chinese museums started to recognize more ad more the importance of social education as well as their functions of preserving the cultural property and of exhibiting it. And with them they have turned their attentions to an Ecomuseum, a new type of a museum. The ecomuseum in China was first established at a remote place between mountains where the ethnic minority inhabited. This was because of the feeling of some crises on culture native to the minority, followed by the process of China's Western Region Development. And it was recognized that they should participate actively in creating the cultural demand of the minority and in establishing a harmonious society with improving economic condition. Therefore in order to activate the ecomuseum it is localized and sinicized little by little through strengthening the management of cultural heritages of the minority.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.17 no.4 s.38
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• pp.1-26
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• 2005

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the eating habits, nutrition and dietary fiber intakes of middle school students from urban areas, Jinju city and rural areas, Hadong and Namhae Gun in Gyeongnam province. Data were collected by using a survey questionnaire. The result of this study are as follows: In the respects of eating habits, the eating habits of girl students ware worse than those of boy students Regardless of region and subjects, the intakes of energy, calcium, iron, riboflavin, dietary fiber were poor. In all the regions the intakes of dietary fiber was far less than $20\~25g$ of daily intakes level. Mental education should also be emphasized to form teenagers' self-identity and the sense of value. Also, the nutritionists of each school should try to focus on the composition of group meals containing fish, vegetables, Kimchi and boiled rice and cereals, not satisfying with the group meals centered on hygiene. Health and nutrition depends on the food people take, teenagers' health is the basis of their future health. The continuous study about teenagers' eating habits and dietary fiber needs to be emphasized.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2369-2378
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• 2012

Objectives: To assess knowledge of HPV and attitudes towards HPV vaccination among the general female population, government officials, and healthcare providers in China to assist the development of an effective national HPV vaccination program. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiologic survey was conducted across 21 urban and rural sites in China using a short questionnaire. 763 government officials, 760 healthcare providers, and 11,681 women aged 15-59 years were included in the final analysis. Data were analyzed using standard descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: Knowledge of HPV among the general female population was low; only 24% had heard of HPV. Less than 20% of healthcare providers recognized sexually na$\ddot{i}$ve women as the most appropriate population for HPV vaccination. There was high acceptance of the HPV vaccine for all categories of respondents. Only 6% of women were willing to pay more than US $300 for the vaccine. Conclusions: Aggressive education is necessary to increase knowledge of HPV and its vaccine. Further proof of vaccine safety and efficacy and government subsidies combined with increased awareness could facilitate development and implementation of HPV vaccination in China.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.219-230
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• 2013

Species distribution modeling is one of the most effective habitat analysis methods for wildlife conservation. This study was for evaluating the suitability of species distribution to distance between forest patches in Seoul city using tits. We analyzed the distribution of the four species of tits: varied tit (Parus varius), marsh tit (P. palustris), great tit (P. major) and coal tit (P. ater), using the landscape indexes and connectivity indexes, and compared the resulting suitability indexes from 100m to 1,000m. As factors affecting to the distribution of tits, we calculated landscape indices by separating them into intra-patch indices (i.e. logged patch area (PA), area-weighted mean patch shape index (PSI), tree rate (TR)) and inter-patch indices (i.e. patch degree (PD), patch betweenness (PB), difference probability of connectivity (DPC)), to analyze the internal properties of the patches and their connectivity by tits occurrence data using logistic regression modeling. The models were evaluated by AICc (Akaike Information Criteria with a correction for finite sample sizes) and AUC (Area Under Curve of ROC). The results of AICc and AUC showed DPC, PA, PSI, and TR were important factors of the habitat models for great tit and marsh tit at the level of distance 500~800m. In contrast, habitat models for coal tit and varied tit, which are known as forest interior species, reflected PA, PSI, and TR as intra-patch indices rather than connectivity. These mean that coal tit and varied tit are more likely to find a large circular forest patch than a small and long-shaped forest patch, which are higher rate of forest. Therefore, different strategies are required in order to enhance the habitats of the forest birds, tits, in a region that has fragmented forest patches such as Seoul city. It is important to manage forest interior areas for coal tit and varied tit, which are known as forest interior species and to manage not only forest interior areas but also connectivity of the forest patches in the threshold distance for great tit and marsh tit as adapted species to the urban ecosystem for sustainable ecosystem management.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2014

Sens of insecutity of the public and professionals about harmful effects of radiation is increasing in an accident at the Chernobyl and Fkushima nuclear power plant.Anxiety was amplified to lack of information about radiation majority of people. To target the middle and high school in the region of Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do, to investigate the radiation recognition of the next generation, it is intended to present a model of education for the safe use of radiation. The High School of the six metropolitan cities, city, town through the questionnaire and needs to be educational experience of radiation and use knowledge level of radiation, experience in daily life, understanding of man-made radiation and natural radiation, information channel on radiation, the radiation Distribute the total 800 parts of, to recover the 629 unit, was analyzed for 155 females 474 males. Many people 75.36% of the people, to 24.64% female subjects of this investigation, was constant, respectively from 13 to 18 years age. It is a large number and 30.37% of the respondents as "normal" level of knowledge of radiation, for the type of radiation, most knew. You have answer for risk experience of the medical radiation was higher, touching a lot of information via the broadcast medium in general, and the accuracy is low. I thought we wanted to be educated three or more twice a year, as an educator,about 71.37% and radiation-related understanding of knowledge and background in accordance with the diversification of information channels, the regional differences between urban and rural areas. But I considered the difference age (grade) for each is displayed, intended for junior high school students, the target surface and use the occurrence of radiation, high school students, the need for education about risk and application of radiation through this study.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.29-36
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• 2018

This study aims at suggesting directions to make children's parks considering the actual groups using them by comparative analysis of age distribution in residents within area of use and locations of children's parks with regards to changes in population structure of low birth rate and aging. Cheongju was selected for the study, and the current status of children's parks and population structure were categorized into six stages and the investigation and analysis were conducted by statistics by population group and by using Arc GIS Program. As a result of the analysis, children under 13 were 13.1% of the entire population in Cheongju and share of middle-aged and aged group including middle-aged was 31.3%. Park area per one children under 13 was 5.9㎡ and based on walking use area(250m), average number of parks available by autonomous district was eight. As a result of the analysis of characteristics of distribution of children's parks, they are densely located in old downtowns or the distribution density was relatively high in newly developed areas such as Osong-eup or Ochang-eup. However, outer rural areas have no children's parks or relatively low rate. As a result of the analysis on population structure and co-efficient of park location, in nine autonomous districts, aged group is increasing, leading to decrease use of children's parks. If resident rate aged group is higher in the region where a children's park is located, it is necessary to re-compose the existing one to different one or to change purposes of parks to be planned. Also, in the area with similar rates in both children's group and aged group, composing complex parks for both of them could be considered. This study has limitations by not conducting field studies about the current status of use of children's parks in areas where the population structure has been changing and not suggesting specifically new types of parks according to changes in population structure. It is necessary to conduct the following studies about relationship between children's parks and policies for composing parks responding to changes in population structure in neighboring regions in future.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1980

The purpose of this study was to survey the degree of awareness and practice concerning prenatal care among Korean women. In this study, 626women in Seoul, Sungnam City, and Yangju Kun were randomly selected to be given a questionare that was formulated by the researcher. The statistical analysis of the data was obtained by percentage scores and $X^2$ scores on each item by age, educational background, and regional areas. The general out come of the study were as follows. A. The Practice of Prenatal Care 1. Physical Activities: Concerning the hard work, about a half of the women took care of it by themselves, and the others treated it with help. Also it was found that they tried to reduce the amount of travel as much as possible during pregnancy. 2. Dietary Intake: It was revealed that no significant change were observed before and during pregnancy. 3. Drugs: It was revealed that they tried to avoid drugs as much as possible during pregnancy. 4. Emotion: About a half of the women said that the family atmosphere did not change before and during pregnancy. The others said it had improved after pregnancy. In their spare time, most pregnant women rested in bed, read books, and listened to music. 5. Husband's Support: Most of the women expressed that they needed thief-husband's support absolutely, especially with hard work. They moderated the sexual activities when they found that they were pregnant. B. Degree of awareness for Prenatal Care 1. Perception of Prenatal Care: Most women heard about prenatal care at least one time through family, friend, or mass-media. 2. Necessity of Prenatal Care: Most women recognized the necessity of prenatal care, and they thought that the relaxation of body and mind was important during pregnancy. 3. Influence of Prenatal Care: It was revealed that most women recognized the positive influence of prenatal care to the neonate. 4. Practice of Prenatal Care: It shown that the most of pregnant women took serious interest in prenatal care and they tended to be careful during pregnancy. Generally speaking, the difference in educational background seemed to affect most to the pregnant women's awareness and practice of prenatal care: the higher the educational achievement, the more cautious about the prenatal care. The difference in region seemed to affect considerably in most aspects of practice: women in urban areas preceeded the rural women in prenatal care. The age difference seemed to affect least in their prenatal care except the younger generation took more care in avoiding the use of drugs.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.517-537
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• 2014

In this study, traditional markets were classified into two categories-urban or rural. This paper presents a case study of the Tongin market in Seoul and the Bongwha market in North Gyeongsang Province. Based on a survey of the customers and local residents in these markets, the peoples who have intention to show visitors around their traditional markets take more pride as local residents than peoples who do not have intention to show visitors around their traditional markets. This study includes surveys in 24 categories dealing with how local residents recognize the traditional market as regards local community, local culture and local economy. Consequently, the customers of the Tongin market and the Bongwha market had very strong expectations that their traditional markets would be popular with visitors. These surveys show that when these traditional markets were reported in the press and media, the satisfaction level of local residents was very high. Most of the respondents said that the more the local traditional market develops, the more the region develops. And, most of the respondents said that all local residents have to cooperate to develop a traditional market. To promote traditional markets that can revitalize communities, marketplaces need to be regarded as places that contain human life. In addition, there needs to a cultural and humane perspective brought to the fore. To conclude, the most effective way to solve the problem of traditional markets is to make them even more traditional.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.57-82
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• 1994

This paper is the result of the researches and the field surveys of the villages and the dwellings of Korean immigrants in Yien-Pien area, north-eastern China. This study aims to persue both of the origin and the process of development of their settlements and dwelling types from late 19C to the present. Their processes are too complex to analysis by single view-point. I have eyes to interprete them from three pionts; 1)correspondences between the dwelling types and the econo-political history of their region, 2)cultural assimilation with the native dwelling types, and 3)the direction of their modernization with the economical development of modern China. Three village types have been pioneered; 1)the villages of indivisual immigration, 2)the villages of planned group immigration, and 3)the villages of socilistic reform villages of 1) were composed of organic village patterns and various shaped dwelling lots on the sloped site; villages both of 2) and 3), gird patterns and uniformed lots on open fields. Historically, villages of 1) were pioneered before 1931; villages of 2), 1936-1945; villages of 3), from 1945. Each of dwelling types had strong relations with the village types to which it belonged. Before 1931, dwellings were built up based on so called "Ham-buk dwelling type" which was dominent in north-eastern Korea. In the era of gruop-immigration, various dwelling types were flew into Yen-Pien from southern Korea. In modern China, their southern types were changed into Yen-Pien type as similar as Ham-book type. After 1945, with the Great leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, as communization of indivisual properties and reorganization of rural communities, each of dwellings became smaller and simpler in aspects of scales as well as functions. There are two types in Yen-Pien dwellings, those are 'single-file' and 'double-file' type. Three sub-types of latter arc 'six-bays', 'eight-bays', and rarely 'ten-bays'. The most common element of all types is Chong-ju-k'an; which is large room with heated floor, openig to kitchen. Now, modern dwellings of Korean immigrants are changing their spatial compositions, materials, and structures. With cultural assimilation as well as modernization, especially in urban areas, they are compelled to accept the elements of Chinese dwellings. But the spatial element of "Chong-ju-k'an", which is the core element of Yen-Pien dwelling type, never fade away nor is changed.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.57-92
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• 2016

The Correlations Between the Labour Market Structure and Poverty of the Regions The main objectives of this study are to make an investigation into the spatial characteristics of poverty and to analyze the effects of regional labour market structure. Most previous studies on poverty were more likely to examine internal factors like the characteristics of poor households or family structures than external factors in terms of the regional environments. In order to achieve these goals, this study used the Small Area Estimation designed to estimate the income of each household and then calculate the poverty rate of each local area in order to examine the spatial characteristics of poverty. The poverty distribution in Korea showed the local labour market structures effect on the region poverty rate. The Korean economy now exhibits a big gap between the haves and the have-nots and between urban areas and rural areas. The poverty rate of particular regions will increase and those in the areas will face deteriorated circumstances falling into poverty traps. This study reflects this stern reality and empirically proved the strong need for consideration of regional characteristics in conducting studies on poverty and related policy amendments.